71．The Australian aborigines’ way of “telling time” is based on________.

　A. the change of the sun rays

　B. the movement of the earth in relation to the sun

　C. the position of the stone

　D. the position of the tree or the cliff

70．Time is not very important in non industrial societies. This is because people in those societies________.

　A. don’t have the word TIME in their languages

　B. don’t get used to using clocks and other timepieces

　C. don’t measure time in their daily lives

　D. don’t need to plan their daily lives around an exact time schedule

69．By saying “Humans are social animals”, the author means________.

　A. they live all over the world．

　B. they are different from other animals

　C. they live in one place, district or country, considered as a whole

　D. they are divided into many groups

68．During the Victorian Age________.

　A. the Americans ever took a bath every thirty days

　B. frequent bathing was avoided

　C. people used perfume to cover up body smells after bathing

　D. the British people generally took a bath once a week.

No. 18

　Humans are social animals. They live in groups all over the world. As these groups of people live apart from other groups, over the years and centuries they develop their own habits and ideas, which form different cultures. One important particular side of every culture is how its people deal with time.

　Time is not very important in non industrial societies.　The Nuer people of East Africa, for example, do not even have a word TIME that is in agreement with the abstract thing we call time. The daily lives of the people of such non industrial societies are likely to be patterned around their physical needs and natural events rather than around a time schedule(时间表)based on the clock. They cook and eat when they are hungry and sleep when the sun goes down. They plant crops during the growing seasons and harvest them when the crops are ripe. They measure time not by a clock or calendar(日历), but by saying that an event takes place before or after some other event. Frequently such a society measures day in terms of “sleeps ”or longer periods in terms of “moons”.　Some cultures, such as the Eakinos of Greenland measure seasons according to the migration of certain animals.

　Some cultures which do not have a written language or keep written records have developed interesting ways of “telling time”.For example, when several Australian aborigines want to plan an event for a future time, one of them places a stone on a cliff or in a tree. Each day the angle of the sun changes slightly. In a few days, the rays of the sun strike the stone in a certain way. When this happens, the people see that the agreed - upon time has arrived and the event can take place.

　In contrast (成对比), exactly correct measurement of time is very important in modern, in detribalized societies. This is because industrialized societies require the helpful efforts of many people in order to work. For a factory to work efficiently (well, quickly and without waste), for example , all of the workers must work at the same time, Therefore, they must know what time to start work in the morning and what time they may go home in the afternoon. Passengers must know the exact time that an airplane will arrive or depart. Students and teachers need to know when a class starts and ends. Stores must open on time in order to serve their customers. Complicated (复杂的)societies need clocks and calendars. Thus, we can see that if each person worked according to his or her own schedule, a complicated society could hardly work at all.

67．Apparently the word“ hydrotherapy” in the second paragraph means________.

　A. medical bathing　　　　 B. a water system

　C. bathing frequency　　　　 D. terrible body smell

66．The Americans used to be known as “The Great Unwashed” because________.

　A. the modem medical bathing first became popular in the U. S.

　B. they didn’t bath frequently

　C. the Americans were very clean.

　D. soap was first produced in the U. S.

65．In Greece________ .

　A. there were some public baths large enough to hold 3, 000 persons.

　B. people used to treat disease by bathing

　C. people began to bathe thousands of years ago

　D. people didn’t like frequent bathing

64．According to the passage, which of the following is true?

　A. Last year four countries found their computers were infected by viruses.

　B. The viruses will come to a new computer after staying in the old one for some time.

　C. Scientists are trying to find a way to get rid of the viruses.

　D. The Jerusalem Viruses are a great harm to human health.

No. 17

　Baths and bathing have long been considered of medical importance to man. In Greece there are the ruins of a bathtub and water system built over 3, 000 years ago. The Romans had warm public baths. In some as many as 3, 000 persons could bathe at the same time.

　Treating disease by bathing has been popular for centuries. Moden medical bathing or hydrotherapy, first became popular in Europe and by the late 1700’s also became popular in the United States.

　For many years frequent bathing was believed to be bad for one’s health. Ordinary bathing just to be clean was avoided and perfune(香水)was often used to cover up body smells ！

　By the 1770’s doctors began to say that soap and water were good for health. They believed that it was good for people to be cleaned. Slowly people began to bathe more frequently. During the Victorian Age of the late 19th century, taking a bath on Saturday night became common.

　In the United States ordinary bathing was slow to become popular. During the 18th and early 19th centuries, many Americans were known as “The Great Unwashed!” In one American city, for example, a person could only take a bath every thirty days !That was a law!

　Frequency of bathing today is partly a matter of habit. People know that bathing for cleanness is important to health. Doctors know that dirty bodies increase the chance of diseases.　Consequently, in the United States, people generally bathe often. Some people bathe once a day at least. They consider a daily bath essential to good health.

63．The most serious damage caused by the viruses is that________.

　A. the computer’s functions are lowered

　B. the normal programs are damaged

　C. all the information stored in the computers is gone

　D. the computers infected by the viruses can no longer be used

62．According to the passage, computer viruses seem to________.

　A. have been in nature for years

　B. exist in any computers

　C. be difficult to get rid of at present

　D. be able to be got rid of in the near future