4. defend vt.防护,护卫; 以行动, 语言或文字替...辩护或答辩
[典例]
1)defend the motherland保卫祖国
2)The accused man had a lawyer to defend him. 被告有一律师为他辩护。
[重要用法]
defend against保卫; 抵抗
defend from保护, 保卫(使不受伤害)
[练习] 汉译英
1)警察的职责是保护民众不受伤害。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2)他试图通过描述事实来保护他的声誉。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys: 1) It’s policemen’s duty to defend their people from harm. 2)He tried to defend his reputation by describing the truth.
3. trade 1) vi.交易, 买卖, 经商, 对换, 购物vt.用...进行交换 2) n.行业;贸易;商业
[典例]
1)He is engaged in trade.他经商。
2)This is the trick of the trade. 这是经商的诀窍。
3)England trades with nearly all the countries in the world.英国几乎与世界上所有的国家进行贸易往来。
[重要用法]
trade in…做...生意, 经营
trade sth. for sth.以...换取...;
trade sth. with sb. 同某人交换某物
[练习]汉译英
1)如果你不喜欢你的书, 我和你对换。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2)你愿意将这本杂志换你的袜子吗?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys1)If you don't like your book, I'll trade with you. 2)Would you like to trade the magazine for your socks?
2. course n.过程;进程;课程;一道菜
[典例]
a course of medical treatments. 医学治疗的一个疗程
a short -term course短期班
a dinner of five courses有五菜的正餐
[练习] 汉译英
---在上课期间必须关闭手机吗?
---当然。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Keys:---shall we shut the mobile phone in the course of lecture?
---of course.
1. concentrate vt.集中;聚集
[典例]
1)Authority was concentrated in the president. 政权集于总统一身
2)We concentrated on the task before us. 我们专注于眼前的任务
[重要用法]
concentration n. 集中, 专心
with deep concentration专心
concentrate one's attention on [upon] 把注意力集中在
[练习]汉译英
1) 如果你全神贯注,就能解决这个问题。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
2) 面对巨大的灾难,整个社会致力于解救废墟中的人们。
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Key: 1)You’ll solve the problem if you concentrate upon it. 2) Facing the great disaster, the whole society concentrated its attention on rescuing the people in ruin.
III 词性变化 (旨在提供语法填空所需材料)
|
1.
employ v.雇佣,使用 |
employment
n.雇佣 |
employer雇佣者, employee受雇者 |
|
2.
approve v.赞成,批准 |
approval n,赞成,批准 |
|
|
3.
profession n.职业,专业 |
professional adj.专业的 |
|
|
4.
guilt n.犯罪 |
guilty adj. 犯罪的,内疚的 |
|
| centrate
v.集中注意力 |
concentration n.专注,专心 |
|
|
[练习]用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1)This book demanded all your_________.(concentrate) 2)My parents didn’t _________ of my leaving school this year and I had to accept their ________.(approve) 3)We need enough _________ engineers to undertake the job.(profession) 4)his _______ was proved beyond all doubt by the prosecution and he felt _____ about not telling the truth to the judge (guilt) 5)The factories that ________thousands of workers criticized the method _________by the country’s government.(employ) keys: 1) concentration 2) approve; approval 3) professional 4) guilt; guilty 5) employ; employed |
IV 重点词汇 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)
I单元要点预览(旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点)
|
词汇 部分 |
词语 辨析 |
1. occupation/profession/job/work 2. acquire
/obtain/get/gain 3. accuse/charge 4.process/progress/procedure 5. accurate /correct/exact/right |
|
|
词形 变化 |
1.
employ v.雇佣,使用 |
employment
n.雇佣 |
employer雇佣者, employee受雇者 |
|
2.
approve v.赞成,批准 |
approval n,赞成,批准 |
||
|
3.
profession n.职业,专业 |
professional adj.专业的 |
||
|
4.
guilt n.犯罪 |
guilty adj. 犯罪的,内疚的 |
||
|
重点 单词 |
1.
concentrate vt.集中;聚集 2. course n.过程;进程;课程;一道菜 3. trade n.行业;贸易;商业 4. defend vt.防护;辩护;护卫 5. senior adj.年长的;高年级的;高级的 6. approve vt. 赞成;称许;批准 7. polish vt.擦亮;磨光;润色 8. employ vt. 雇用, 用, 使用 9. intention n. 意图, 目的 |
||
|
重点 词组 |
1.on
one’s own 独自;独立 2. have a good “nose”for sth 探查发现某事物的能力 3. be supposed to应当;认为必须4. look forward to盼望 5. be guilty of有罪;因…负疚 6. so as to 以致;为了 |
||
|
重点句子 |
Not only am I
interested in photograph, but I took a course at university, so it’s actually of special interest to me. |
||
|
重点语法 |
过去分词做表语和定语 (见语法专题) |
II 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料)
|
1). occupation/profession/job/work n. 工作,职业 |
|
[解释] occupation较为正式,常用于所填的表格上 profession常指需要专门技能,尤指需要较高教育水平的行业,职业. job可数名词,可指独立的一份工作或职位 work不可数名词,泛指一切工作 |
|
[练习]选择occupation/profession/job或work并用其适当的形式填空 1)Please state your name, age and _________ below before you go to work. 2)I have a few ________ to do in the house this morning. 3) Typing by using the computer all day is hard________. 4) Professor Zhang is the very top of medical _________. Keys: 1) occupation 2) jobs 3) work 4) profession |
|
2). acquire /obtain/get/gain v. 获得 |
|
[解释] obtain 包含着“努力”、“希望”或“决意”去获得某物的意思。通过努力工作而得到所需东西 get是最普遍、使用范围最广的词以某种方式手段获得某物 acquire经过努力的过程逐渐获得 gain有obtain的含义,但更强调目的物需要努力奋斗才能得到,而且这种东西具有价值,特别是物质价值。 |
|
[练习]选择acquire /obtain/get或gain并用其适当的形式填空 1) We must work hard to ________a good knowledge of English. 2) I ______ a letter from my parents yesterday. 3) I hope that you will________ greater success soon. 4) He ________ experience through practice. Keys: 1) acquire 2) got 3) gain 4) obtained |
|
3) accuse/charge v.控诉,起诉 |
|
[解释] accuse 常用于accuse sb. of sth. charge 常用charge sb. with sthl |
|
[练习]选择accuse或charge并用其适当的形式填空 1) They ________ him of taking bribes. 2) The police ________ him with car theft Keys: 1) accused 2) charged |
|
4) process/progress/procedure |
|
[解释] process [C][U]进程,过程,程序 progress[U]前进, 进步, 发展 procedure[C][U] 程序, 手续 |
|
[练习]选择process/progress/或procedure并用其适当的形式填空 1) Reforming the education system will be a difficult ________. 2) The disease makes rapid ________ 3) Sometimes we need to break the normal_________. Keys: 1) process 2) progress 3) procedure |
|
5) accurate /correct/exact/right |
|
[解释] accurate 表示“准确的”,精确的”,指“通过努力, 使事情达到正确或精确 correct为一般用语, 指“正确的” exact表示“确切的”,“精确无误的”,指“与事实完全相符” right最合适的; (就情况等而言)最好的, 可取的;或表示与事实,常理或真实情况相一致的,相当于correct/exact |
|
[练习]选择accurate /correct/exact或right并用其适当的形式填空 1) She gave an ______ account of the accident. 2) He gave _______ answers to the questions. 3) His answer is quite _______. 4) He is the ______ man for the job. Keys: 1) accurate 2) correct 3) exact 4) right |
4.①要有所成就必须扎扎实实,勤学善思。张中行晚年成名并非偶然,这与他平时广泛涉猎,善于思考有关。②要做事,先做人。张中行敦厚淳朴,在做学问、待人、处事以至生活细节上,他都是古韵犹存。③要自信。没有伯乐发现他,张中行就抓住天时地利人和的条件,独自闯了出来,人在失意的时候不能对自己丧失信心,要自信,坚持努力。④人在生活上不必一定是高要求,但思想上一定要高境界。张中行对生活的要求很低,但他追求精神上的高境界,虽为“布衣”,但拥有精神上的丰厚的财富。 (每点1分,答对其中3点即可得满分,意思对即可。要求观点鲜明,理由充分,结合文本适当分析。学生如从其他方面谈自己的见解,言之有理即可。)
3.善于运用细节描写。如写张中行在外面吃饭,一根豆腐丝掉在桌上,他都要捡起来吃,席毕若有剩菜,他也很从容地打包带回去。生动具体地表现张中行珍惜一粥一饭的优良品质,也更好地突出了他“布衣学者”的本色,使张中行的形象更加鲜活。 (举例1分,结合文本分析1分,表达效果2分,共4分)
2.D(“有隐逸之风”错。)(2分)
4.(4分)第一问:①社会黑暗,时局动荡不安;②看不清现实,找不到前进的方向;③工作不稳,来去不定。(2分,一条1分,答对两条就可得满分,意思对即可)
第二问:①改变旧中国,让祖国面貌焕发一新;②向往光明,寻找人生前进的道路;③坚定从小处、近处着手,切切实实做些眼前的事情的主张。(2分,一条1分,答对两条就可得满分,意思对即可)
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