3. 定语从句
|
关系代词 |
例 句 |
|
|
that在从句中作主语或宾语 |
指物 |
(1)A plane is a
machine that can fly. (作主语) (2)The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. (作宾语) |
|
指人 |
(1)Who is the man
that is reading the book over there? (作主语) (2) The girl (that) we saw yesterday is Jim’s sister. (作宾语) |
|
|
which 在从句中作主语或宾语 |
指物 |
(1)They planted
the trees which didn’t need much water. (作主语) (2)The fish (which) we bought were not fresh. (作宾语) |
|
who, whom在从句中分别作主语和宾语 |
指人 |
(1)The foreigner
who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. (作主语) (2)The boy who broke the window is called Tom. (作主语) (3)The person to whom you just talked is Mr Li. (作宾语) (4)Mrs Read is the person to whom you should write. (作宾语) |
|
关系副词 |
例 句 |
|
|
when 指时间 |
(1) I still
remember the day when I first came to Beijing.
(2)I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. |
|
|
where指地点 |
(1) This is the
house where we lived last year. (2)The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. |
新课标新中考
2.定语从句的翻译
1)提取主句,认真翻译。“寻找”主句的一般方法是去掉句子中带“的”结构的部分,提取出句子的主干,即“主谓宾”“关系表”或“主谓”等结构。
2)斟酌关系词,译出“的”字结构。汉语中“……的”是定语从句的基本特点,关系词的选择要看主句中的先行词。如先行词指人,就要用who, whom或that等;先行词指物,就要用 which,
that, when或where等。所以翻译定语从句时,要先回头看先行词,然后再运用适当的关系词。
3)确定定语从句位置,译出完整句子。如果没有特殊情况,定语从句往往是紧挨着放在先行词之后。
总之,翻译定语从句时,既要符合英语习惯,又须保持上下文的意思连贯。
1. 定语从句中先行词只用that不用which的情况
1)先行词为all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little, much等不定代词时。
[例] (1)I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.
我肯定她那儿有你要借的东西。
(2)He saw much that was bad.
他看到太多不好的事情。
(3)Everything (that) we saw was of great interest to us.
我们对看到的所有东西都很感兴趣。
2)先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little, much修饰时。
[例] I’ve read all the books that you gave me.
我把你给我的书都看了。
3)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。
[例] (1)This is the best novel that I have ever read.
这是我看过的最好的一本小说。
(2)This is the first composition that he has written in English.
这是他用英语写的第一篇作文。
4) 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。
[例] (1)That’s not the only thing (that) we’re missing.
我们不止丢了这一样东西。
(2)The last place that we visited was the museum.
我们参观的最后一个地方是博物馆。
5)当有两个或两个以上分别表示人和物的先行词时,这个定语从句要用that而不用which或who引导。
[例]He talked about the teachers and schools that he had visited.
他谈起了拜访的老师和参观的学校。
6)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时,定语从句要用that。
[例] Who is the person that is standing at the gate?
站在门口的那个人是谁?
8. 由“They caught him and showed him on the island because only he had two eyes there! ”就能知道,岛上的人从来没有见过两只眼的人。因此应填never。
单元小结
本单元是教材最后一个单元,着重复习前面的内容,它重点复习了现在进行时、一般现在时、一般过去时及used to的用法、被动语态和现在完成时等。在复习时态和语态的同时,学习了一些常用词语和习惯用法。此外本单元还再现了动名词作主语、动词不定式的句法功能以及宾语从句等,还介绍了be made 后跟各种介词的用法。除此本单元还讲述了如何保护动物,认为动物应放入大自然。强调了废物的回收再利用,此举对环境保护有特别重要的意义。通过本单元学习,我们应认识到动物是人类的朋友,环保人人有责。
知识网络建构
7. 从前面所讲的Mr Smith让儿子代替他管理商店,说明他的年纪不小。因此,他要带着小孩离开那个岛屿,就得挑选最小的小孩,以便很容易脱身。所以应当填easy。
6. Mr Smith没有把计划告诉任何人,当然是怕别人也知道这个秘密。故应填afraid。
5. 从Mr Smith在听到老头讲的故事以后的想法,说明他认为找到了一条致富的途径,应填way。
4. 从后来M r Smith去那座岛上抓一只眼的人就能知道,他认为那个故事是真的,应填true。
3. “But people were interested in it and most of them went to see it. ” 已告诉我们,要填visited。
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