分析 文章大意:
如果我们被问到一年前我们在做什么,我们可能不得不说,我们不记得了.但是如果我们保存了一本书,并及记录我们每天做的事情,我们应该能够很顺利的回答这个问题.
历史也是如此,许多事情都被遗忘了,因为我们没有对他们进行书面记载.有些时候,人类确实记录了他们国家的重要事件,但是它常常被火灾或战争毁灭.有时从来没有任何书面记录,因为那个时代和那个地方的人不知道怎么写.例如,我们对4000年前在中国的人很了解,因为他们可以书写,并把这些记录的文件交给后代保存.但我们几乎没有谁知道200年前在中非的发生的事情,因为他们那是还没有学会书写.
有时,即使人们不能写,他们可能知道过去的东西.他们从老年人那里听到了,同时也可以从歌曲、舞蹈和故事中发现,因为很多事情都会融入在这些里面,并且那些歌曲和舞蹈被传成了许多代,大多数人都会自豪地讲述他们的父亲在过去都做了些什么.这可以称为"被记住的历史".其中一些已写成历史,因为在语言中一次又一次使用时,说的话更容易改变并且以书面形式复制时更加容易.但在没有书面记录的地方,这样的口语故事通常对历史的记录是有帮助的.
解答 34.D,推理判断题,文章中称通过歌曲舞蹈传承历史事情的方式成为""remembered history",在此之后的文章中发现,作者说"because words are much more easily changed when used again and again in speech",表明了口传的时候表述错误或文字变更会使原有信息发生错误或失真,所以可靠性没有文字好,A正确.文中提到"It is the same in history.Many things have been forgotten because we don't have written account of them"历史和我们的情况一下,不去记录就会忘记,所以记录在历史的传承中起着重要的作用,所以B正确;文中说"But if we had kept a book and had written it in an account(陈述) of what we did each day,we should be able to give an answer to the question"如果我们记录每一天发生的事,我们就会轻而易举的知晓当年发生的事情,所以选项C正确;文中提到"But where there are no written records,such spoken stories are often helpful",就算没有文字记录,口头传授的方式也可以记载历史,所以选项D错误.
35.D,句意理解题,文中明确给出"But we know almost nothing about the people who lived even 200years ago in central Africa because they had not learnt to write",表明不知道200年前中非的事情,是因为那时候这里的人们还不知道如何书写,所以很多事情没有传下来,选择D.
36.B,句意理解题,文中最后一句明确给出"But where there are no written records,such spoken stories are often helpful"表明在没有文字记录的条件下,口头传授,即所谓的"Remembered history"也可以帮助记录,保持历史的延续,所以选择D.
37.A,推理判断题,有前面几道题可知,口传的时候表述错误或文字变更会使原有信息发生错误或失真,可靠性没有文字好,所以我们应该不会从歌曲舞蹈中知晓太多关于历史的详细信息,所以排除选项CD;对于选项B,文中提到"but it was often destroyed(破坏) by fire or in a war",书稿可能能会被大火烧毁或因为战争而消失,但大火和战争以及书的烧毁并不是故意的,所以B表述错误;我们之所以现在对历史不太了解,就是因为有些事情没有被记载或记载的不够详细,所以如果我们要比现在更好的了解历史,我们所要做的就是获得大量关于历史的记录,也就是最好古代人对每一个历史事件做了详尽的记录,所以选择A.
点评 本文主要是说历史传承与书面记录、"Remembered history"之间的关系.题目涉及到推理判断和主旨大意题,要在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理地分析才能得出正确答案,切记不能乱猜,一定做到有理有据.
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