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    Mars Was Not Always Bitterly Cold
    Scientists at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech) have reported evidence that Mars was warmer and wetter long ago than it is today.  The Caltech scientists say they have directly established the temperature of Mars four billion years ago. At least, they established the surface temperature on part of the planet at that time. The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented.
    The Caltech scientists say carbonate（碳酸盐） minerals formed on Mars at about eighteen degrees Celsius. They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.
    Today, the average temperature on Mars is sixty-three degrees below zero Celsius.
    The finding was reported on the website of the National Academy of Sciences. Caltech Assistant Professor Woody Fischer helped to prepare the report. He says eighteen degrees Celsius is not especially cold or hot. He says this makes the finding extremely interesting. Knowing the temperature can give scientists an idea of the climate on Mars long ago. It can also help them decide whether the planet had liquid water. Spacecraft orbiting Mars have shown what appear to be rivers, lakebeds and mineral deposits. These pictures suggest that, at one time, water did flow there. Mars Rover vehicles and other spacecraft have confirmed the information.
    Caltech Geology Professor John Eiler was another writer of the report. He says knowing the temperature of Mars from long ago provides valuable information. It shows that early in the planet's history, at least part of Mars could support a climate like that of Earth.
    The meteorite the scientists examined is one of the oldest known rocks in the world. It is called the Allan Hills meteorite. Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984. The meteorite is believed to have blown loose from the Mars' surface when another space rock struck its "home."
    小题1: The underlined word “establish” in Paragraph 1 probably means “___________”.
    A．to set up
    B．to make people accept a belief
    C．to discover or prove
    D．to start having a relationship with others
    小题2:How did the scientists reach the finding?
    A．By studying Allan Hills meteorite.
    B．By using spacecraft orbiting Mars.
    C．By studying minerals gathered on Mars
    D．By studying a meteorite on the Martian surface.
    小题3:According to the fourth paragraph, what have spacecraft orbiting Mars done?
    A．Measuring the temperature of Mars.
    B．Taking photos of the surface of Mars.
    C．Confirming that there is water flowing on Mars.
    D．Finding where human beings will probably land on Mars.
    小题4:How did Allan Hills meteorite get its name?
    A．From its original place on Mars.
    B．From where it was found on the earth.
    C．From the name of the scientist who found it.
    D．From the name of the aircraft that discovered it
    小题5: Where can we most probably read this passage?
    A．In a biography of scientists.
    B．In a geography magazine.
    C．In an environment report.
    D．In a science report.

    小题1:C
    小题2:A
    小题3:B
    小题4:B
    小题5:D

    试题分析：
    小题1:从第一段最后一句The researchers say it is the first such evidence to be discovered and presented结合前面两句可以说明科学家发现了40亿年前的火星地表的温度的证据。
    小题2:从第二段They reached the finding after studying a meteorite（陨石） that had its beginnings near the Martian surface.及最后一段It is called the Allan Hills meteorite可知答案A, D答案错在on the surface.
    小题3:从第四段倒数第二，三可以看出宇宙飞船火星轨道是给火星地表拍照的。
    小题4:从最后一段Its name came from the place in Antarctica where it was found in 1984可知正确答案。
    小题5:从第一段第一句可知本文主要讲的是一个科学报告，故选Ｄ
    点评：本文主要说明一个科学报告：许多年前火星比现在更温暖，潮湿。科普说明文要注意首段首句，往往会在首句点明一个科学研究发现。
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    The southwest of Australia has been named as one of 25”hot spots” for future species extinction(灭绝)because of global warming.A new study says global warming will become a top cause of extinction across the world,with thousands of species of plantsand animals likely to be wiped out in the coming decades.
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    小题1:According to the passage,which of the following about Australia is TRUE?
    A．Australia possesses the richest species in the world.
    B．Australia is the country with the highest rate of extinction.
    C．The species in the southwest of Australia will be easily affected by global warming.
    D．Australia will have the highest temperature in the world.
    小题2:According to the passage,all the 25”hot spots”-------- .
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    B．are lacking in natural resources
    C．lost most of their plants in 2010
    D．will be much hotter than the rest of the world
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    A．northB．eastC．westD．south
    小题4:What would be the best title for the passage?
    A．Australia Named as Extinction”Hot Spot”
    B．Global Warming and Species Extinction
    C．Global Warming is Number One Killer
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Two Christmas traditions have come under attack in recent years from environmentalists: Christmas cards and Christmas trees.
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    小题1:What is the main idea of the article?
    A．To introduce the history of two typical Christmas traditions.
    B．To explain the debate about some Christmas traditions.
    C．To analyze how two Christmas traditions grew in popularity.
    D．To point out the problems caused by celebrating Christmas.
    小题2:What does the underlined word “They” in the fourth paragraph probably mean?
    A．Many peopleB．Christmas e-mailsC．Postage stampsD．Christmas cards
    小题3:Some people suggest getting rid of paper cards because     .
    a. they cannot be recycled         b. they are not environmentally friendly
    c. they are mostly sold for charity  d. the e-cards have many advantages over them
    e. they are not as necessary as they used to be for people
    A．a, b, dB．a, c, dC．b, d, eD．b, c, e
    小题4:What can we conclude from the article?
    A．The first Christmas cards were designed earlier than the world’s first stamps.
    B．This year has seen a dramatic drop in Christmas card sales.
    C．Environmentalists advise people to buy cards that are sold for charity.
    D．Growing environmental awareness is encouraging people to recycle their cards.
    小题5:Which of the following statements in TRUE according to the article?
    A．There is always a wider Christmas tree market in America than in Europe.
    B．The custom of decorating Christmas trees first appeared in Britain.
    C．Some people prefer to buy live trees that can be reused next year.
    D．Artificial trees are better than natural ones in all aspects.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Technology is making life easier for some dairy farmers．They use robotic systems to milk their cows．Cows are trained to follow a series of paths that lead to milking stations．Only one cow at a time can enter a station．
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    A．the robotic system is designed to reduce labor
    B．cows can be raised by robots in the future
    C．robots direct cows into milking stations
    D．cows are kept clean by robots on some farms
    小题2:Besides milking cows，the robotic system also can______．
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    B．judge the quality of fresh milk
    C．improve the appetite of cows
    D．keep fresh milk for two weeks
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    A．Because young people have no interest in it．
    B．Because it is difficult to learn how to use it．
    C．Because people can’t afford to buy it．
    D．Because it usually causes the waste of milk．
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    C．150 000～30 000．D．30 000—32 000
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    A．Letting robot milk your cowB．Milking cows by hand
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空

    A friend of mine met with an accident driving in darkness. His legs were so hurt that he couldn’t move. What was the   1  was that he found himself unable to ask for help—his mobile phone went out of   2   as a result of exhausted battery (无电) . Nothing could be done but to   3   in cold wilderness (荒野). It was eight hours later that day broke, and then   4   of the rescue (援救).
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    Don’t you think you can compare it with   17   itself? When you meet with difficulty in life and work, you are lost in darkness.   18   you it’s unclear yet and you needn’t put up struggle   19 . It seems to be a negative （消极）attitude,   20   a person who can afford to do so must have foresight (远见) as well as a great courage in the first place.
    小题1:
    A．hopelessB．worstC．more D．best
    小题2:
    A．service B．wayC．controlD．work
    小题3:
    A．cryB．lieC．waitD．sleep
    小题4:
    A．delayB．successC．teamD．arrival
    小题5:
    A．untrueB．unimaginable C．trueD．useless
    小题6:
    A．planB．decisionC．explanation D．excuse
    小题7:
    A．physicalB．mentalC．working D．medical
    小题8:
    A．energy B．wayC．tools D．strength
    小题9:
    A．rottingB．spreading C．hurtingD．bleeding
    小题10:
    A．lossB．failure C．disappointmentD．sadness
    小题11:
    A．hadB．managed C．triedD．meant
    小题12:
    A．WillingB．UnableC．DeterminedD．Deciding
    小题13:
    A．hearingB．sightC．feeling D．direction
    小题14:
    A．rescueB．villageC．localD．brave
    小题15:
    A．endB．topC．openingD．side
    小题16:
    A．saveB．helpC．stopD．calm
    小题17:
    A．adventureB．workC．lifeD．mankind
    小题18:
    A．MindB．WatchC．ImagineD．Warn
    小题19:
    A．reallyB．immediately C．carefullyD．hopefully
    小题20:
    A．andB．soC．butD．while

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空

    I’m Monty Don. Though I’m a host and writer now, I had an unhappy study experience actually. I changed   21  many times.
    I first went to school at five. None of my teachers or classmates liked me, because I always gave them a lot of   22 . I once put a worm in a girl's pocket. When I was seven, I was asked to      23   the school. Then I was sent off to a boarding school. I missed my   24  very much at first; I didn't want to leave once I returned home. Later I met a very   25  teacher, who cared for me and helped me with study. He was also the   26  person to encourage me to act and write. At 13, I moved to Malvern College, but I was kicked out at 15 for   27  school rules. Then I went to another school where I failed my English A level. In fact, I didn't like studying.
    I finally   28  that life shouldn't be like this. So I retook the  29  and got an A grade. And more   30 , I made a decision: to go to college, so I began to   31  for the entrance exam. I   32  passed the exam and went to Cambridge to read English. I met my wife there and I was   33  I made that decision, otherwise I wouldn't have had a happy family. Looking back on what I've   34 , I come to know that if you devote yourself to it, nothing is   35 .
    小题1:
    A．schoolsB．majorsC．jobsD．directions
    小题2:
    A．attentionB．respectC．troubleD．help
    小题3:
    A．leave B．joinC．visitD．describe
    小题4:
    A．friendB．childhoodC．teacherD．family
    小题5:
    A．rudeB．goodC．terribleD．new
    小题6:
    A．first B．youngestC．lastD．right
    小题7:
    A．followingB．changingC．misusingD．breaking
    小题8:
    A．guessedB．doubtedC．rememberedD．realised
    小题9:
    A．lessonB．exam C．photoD．position
    小题10:
    A．difficultlyB．effectivelyC．importantlyD．likely
    小题11:
    A．prepare B．callC．waitD．hope
    小题12:
    A．suddenlyB．unluckilyC．accidentallyD．finally
    小题13:
    A．sorryB．proudC．glad D．afraid
    小题14:
    A．writtenB．experiencedC．seenD．concerned
    小题15:
    A．strangeB．perfectC．impossible D．false

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    No one doubts that students should study languages, maths and science in high school, but some may object to the idea that they should study art and music as well. To them, these subjects are useless for students’ future and are not worth the time and effort. In my opinion, however, it is necessary for middle school students to study art and music.
    Art and music are a precious culture legacy（遗产）, which bring us pleasure and enjoyment. Have you ever been deeply moved by Beethoven’s famous Fifth Symphony（第五交响曲）? Have you ever been fascinated by the colorful starry night produced by Vincent Van Gogh in his paint? Have you ever longed for the moving love between the Butterfly Lovers when you hear this well-known Chinese melody（曲调）? Art and music are not only images and sounds, but something beyond them. They are the products of passion and human wisdom（智慧）.
    Art and music help make students more creative. Artists and musicians are considered the most creative people in the world. It is because art and music sharpen their senses and provide a different perspective (视角) for them to see the world. Many great scientists benefited from art and music. Einstein, the greatest physicist in the 20th century, as well as an excellent violin player, is a good example.
    Enjoying art and music is also a good way to relax. Middle school students, who typically carry heavy burdens of study, will definitely（明确地）benefit from it.
    To sum up, art and music should absolutely be included in the middle school courses, for they can bring students pleasure and relaxation.
    小题1:According to the author, people who think art and music are useless for middle school students __________.
    A．don’t understand the value of art and music
    B．don’t know the history of art and music at all
    C．never benefit from artists and musicians
    D．know little about the trend of future education
    小题2:In paragraph 2, the author tries to argue that __________.
    A．Beethoven is one of the greatest musicians
    B．art and music help express people’s emotions
    C．art and music are precious pictures and sounds
    D．art and music bring people joy and quality life
    小题3:The example of Einstein is used to __________.
    A．show the importance of creativity
    B．prove that scientists are creative
    C．encourage students to study art and music
    D．provide students with a new way to see the world
    小题4:Which of the following is an effective way for middle school students to study?
    A． Relaxing themselves regularly while studying.
    B． Attending concerts during holidays or after school.
    C． Avoiding too much homework by studying art and music.
    D． Listening to music while studying language, maths or other subjects.
    小题5:Which of the following is used to support the writer’s opinion?
    A．Art and music help people become scientists.
    B．Art and music provide people with more opportunities.
    C．Art and music are beneficial to students in other subjects.
    D．Art and music are helpful to make students creative learners.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解


    When you get in your car, you reach for it. When you're at work, you take a break to have a moment alone with it. When you get into a lift, you play with it.
    Cigarette? Cup of coffee? No, it's the third most addictive thing in modem life, the cell phone. And experts say it is becoming more difficult for many people to curb their longing to hug it more tightly than most of their personal relationships.
    The costs are becoming more and more evident, and I don't mean just the monthly bill. Dr. Chris Knippers, a counselor at the Betty ford Center in Southern California, reports that the overuse of cell phones has become a social problem not much different from other harmful addictions: a barrier to one-on-one personal contact, and an escape from reality. Sounds extreme, but we' ve all witnessed the evidence: The person at a restaurant who talks on the phone through an entire meal, ignoring his kids around the table; the woman who talks on the phone in the car, ignoring her husband; the teen who texts messages all the way home from school, avoiding contact with kids all around him. Jim Williams, an industrial sociologist based in Massachusetts, notes that cell - phone addiction is part of a set of symptoms in a widening gulf of personal separation. He points to a study by Duke University researchers that found one-quarter of Americans say they have no one to discuss their most important personal business with. Despite the growing use of phones, e - mail and instant messaging, in other words, Williams says studies show that we don't have as many friends as our parents.  " Just as more information has led to less wisdom, more acquaintances via the Internet and cell phones have produced fewer friends," he says.
    If the cell phone has truly had these effects, it's because it has become very widespread. Consider that in 1987, there were only l million cell phones in use.  Today, something like 300 million Americans carry them. They far outnumber wired phones in the United States.
    小题1: From the first two paragraphs, we can know________.
    A．cell phones have become as addictive as cigarettes
    B．cell phone addiction is good for building personal relationships
    C．people are longing to have their own cell phones
    D．cell phones are the same as cigarettes
    小题2:Cell phone addiction has caused the following effects EXCEPT________  .
    A．a barrier to personal contact B．fewer friends
    C．an escape from reality D．a serious illness
    小题3: The underlined word "curb" in Paragraph 2 means “________. ”
    A．ignore B．control C．develop D．rescue
    小题4:The example of a woman talking on the phone in the car supports the idea that________  .
    A．women Use cell phones more often than men
    B．talking on the phone while driving is dangerous
    C．cell phones do not necessarily bring people together
    D．cell phones make one - on - one personal contact easy
    小题5:Which of the following is the best title for the passage?
    A．Cell phones Are the New Cigarettes
    B．Cell phones Are Harmful to the Society
    C．The New Report about the Cell phone
    D．The Disadvantages of the Cell phone

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：完形填空

    One day, when I was in high school, I saw a kid named Kyle from my class walking home from school with all his books. I thought to myself, “  36 would anyone bring home all his books for the weekend? He must really be 37 .”
    As I was walking, I saw several kids running toward him. They ran at him,   38 all his books out of his arms and he fell down in the dirt. His glasses went  39 and landed in the grass.
    My  40 went out to him. So, I ran over to him.   41 I handed him his glasses, he looked at me and said, “Hey, thanks!”
    I helped him pick up his books, and asked him where he lived. As it  42 , he lived near me. We talked all the way home. Over the next four years, Kyle and I became best friends.
    Kyle was the  43 student of our class, one of those guys that really found  44 during high school. Therefore he had the honor to prepare a  45 speech. On the graduation day, I could see that he was  46 . So, I patted him on the back and said, “Hey, big guy, you’ll be  47 !” He looked at me and smiled.
    He cleared his throat, and began. “Graduation is a time to  48 those who helped you make it through those  49 years. Your parents, your teachers…but mostly your friends. I am here to tell all of you that being a friend to someone is the best  50 you can give him.”
    I just looked at my friend with  51 as he told the story of the first day we met. He had planned to  52 himself over the weekend and was carrying his books home. “Thankfully, nothing happened. My friend  53 me from doing the unspeakable(不能说出来的).”
    Not until that moment did I realize that you should never underestimate(低估) the  54 of your actions. With one small gesture you can  55 a person’s life. For better or for worse.
    小题1:
    A．HowB．WhenC．WhyD．Where
    小题2:
    A．stupidB．cleverC．wonderfulD．anxious
    小题3:
    A．throwingB．knockingC．takingD．catching
    小题4:
    A．lostB．sendingC．brokenD．flying
    小题5:
    A．heartB．headC．handsD．thought
    小题6:
    A．WhileB．AsC．BecauseD．Once
    小题7:
    A．passedB．came upC．went onD．turned out
    小题8:
    A．topB．hardestC．favoriteD．luckiest
    小题9:
    A．friendshipB．themselvesC．pleasureD．it
    小题10:
    A．classB．schoolC．graduationD．college
    小题11:
    A．excited B．nervousC．proudD．crazy
    小题12:
    A．greatB．famousC．praisedD．honored
    小题13:
    A．rewardB．rememberC．thankD．congratulate
    小题14:
    A．happyB．excitingC．oldD．difficult
    小题15:
    A．chanceB．giftC．helpD．favor
    小题16:
    A．wonderB．anxietyC．disbeliefD．pride
    小题17:
    A．killB．enjoyC．testD．hurt
    小题18:
    A．protectedB．freedC．warnedD．saved
    小题19:
    A．priceB．useC．powerD．meaning
    小题20:
    A．destroyB．changeC．saveD．understand

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