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    9．Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation （创新）that threatens the survival of companies everywhere．It's based on the assumption that old ideas will always work，so they shouldn't be challenged．While this may be a valid assumption in situations that don't change，it's unlikely to hold true in a changing situation．In today's rapid changing global environment，old methods often don't work，and stubbornly using them can lead to major problems．
    Most people seem to agree with conventional wisdom because it gives one a false sense of security．If everyone else believes it，then it must be true．Individuals who use conventional wisdom are certain that they are right，and being right is good．They want to continue using old ideas rather than take risks with changes that might not work．In 1977，Ken Olsen，co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation （DEC），stated'There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home．"Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry，DEC no longer exists．People seem to forget that since innovation is a change，there can be no innovation without change．Unfortunately，conventional wisdom prevents leaders，followers and companies from changing and therefore innovating．If companies don't innovate，but their competitors do，the future is likely to be problematic．Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries，so it has a powerful effect on business success．
    Ted Turner （founder of CNN）knew little，if anything，about the news business，but he knew it was inconvenient to watch news only at the dinner hour，as was common before CNN．Turner's solution was to create a cable channel dedicated to news 24 hours a day．The news establishment reflected conventional wisdom at the time，and predicted his idea would fail because no one wanted to watch the news all day．However，it doesn't take a rocket scientist to understand that viewers don't have to watch the news all dav for the CNN to work．Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information．Due to conventional thinking，the critics failed to recognize the opportunity that was clear to Ted．They assumed that only what was familiar to them could work in the future．
    Conventional wisdom prevents creativity，flexibility and risk-taking，so unconventional leaders enthusiastically break from it．To survive，thrive and maintain competitive advantage，companies must be flexible when reacting to change．

    51．The author's attitude to conventional wisdom isA．
    A．disapproving B．approving C．supportive D．indifferent
    52．DEC has disappeared probably becauseB．
    A．the consumers didn't like its products
    B．the CEO stuck to the conventional ideas
    C．the leaders lacked the sense of security
    D．the employees took many risks with changes
    53．The founding of CNN is used as an example to proveB．
    A．missing opportunities could lead to failure
    B．changing could contribute to business success
    C．watching news at the dinner hour is convenient
    D．conventional wisdom influences business success
    54．What does the underlined part probably mean in Paragraph 3？D
    A．Rocket scientists can ensure the CNN works properly．
    B．Most of the viewers don't like to watch the news at work．
    C．Ifs necessary to understand when people watch the news．
    D．It's easy to know people needn't watch the news all the time．
    55．The passage is mainly written to tell us thatC．
    A．old methods are changing with time
    B．opportunities lead to business success
    C．conventional wisdom limits innovation
    D．successful companies need wise leaders．

    分析 文章讲述了传统的思维方式会阻碍创新，威胁公司的长期发展，勇于创新才是生存之道．

    解答 ABBDC
    51．A 情感态度题．根据第一句话Conventional wisdom is a major barrier to innovation （创新）that threatens the survival of companies everywhere可知，作者认为传统的思维是创新的主要障碍，所以作者认为conventional wisdom 是持否定态度，即disapproving意思是不赞同，故选A．
    52．B 细节理解题．根据文意In 1977，Ken Olsen，co-founder and CEO of Digital Equipment Corporation （DEC），stated'There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in his home．"Despite being a dominant leader in the computer industry，DEC no longer exists可知DES的出现其实是CEO打破了常规，勇于创新的结果，故选B．
    53．B 细节理解题．根据文章Breaking from conventional wisdom has led to many of the most innovative companies and products in history across many industries，so it has a powerful effect on business success．可知CNN的创立为例子是为了支持论点，勇于创新才是成功之道，故选B．
    54．D 句意猜测题．根据Viewers just have to watch when they want to get information．可知听众并不是一直在关注新闻，故推出答案为D．
    55．C 主旨大意题．通过第一段以及整个文章来看，主要讲述了传统的思维方式阻碍了创新，勇于创新才是生存之道．故选C．

    点评 本文属于观点类新闻题材，考生在答题时要从整体上把握全文，并注意从细节中推测作者的态度．

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    科目：高中英语 来源： 题型：填空题

    10．SCIENTISTS study it； an increasing number of self-help books tell us the way to find it．In fact，the pursuit of happiness has been called the ultimate （根本的） goal in life by countless talks，TV shows and newspaper and magazine columns．（31）A
    US psychologist Ed Diener，author of Happiness：Unlocking the Mysteries of Psychological Wealth，may have the answer："a combination of life satisfaction and having more positive than negative emotions"．（32）C And as The Washington Post argued in an article earlier this month，creating a definition of happiness that is true for people around the world can seem as difficult as being happy．
    For example，who is happier：someone who has enough money to buy a new mobile phone or someone who has a family dinner after years away from home？
    （33）EThe UN's World Happiness Report 2015shows that countries with the highest levels of happiness are developed ones，with Switzerland，Iceland and Denmark making up the top three．But on the other hand，Bhutan，one of the poorest countries in the world，was named the happiest country in Asia and the eighth happiest in the world in research by Business Week in 2012．
    Perhaps the biggest problem is how the idea of"happiness"varies in different cultures and languages．
    （34）D It might mean a brief mood you feel when someone surprises you with a gift or you think of friends and family．Or it could refer to satisfaction with your life．But not all languages refer to happiness the same way．In Danish，for example，happiness is often translated as"lykke"，a term that can describe everyday well-being that might come from a nice cup of coffee or a slice of bread with cheese．
    In Chinese，the word for happiness is xingfu，which is used to describe a good life and a life with meaning．For a good mood，however，kuaile is used more often．
    （35）F In China and many other Asian countries，social relationships，with family in particular，are one of the most important factors in a person's well-being．
    So，are you happy？And what makes you happy？

    A．However，happiness，as it was before，is still hard to find．
    B．Therefore，happiness is what people are eager for all their lives
    C．But different people have different their own standards．
    D．As The Washington Post noted，the word"happy"can refer to different things in English．
    E．Nevertheless，one of the most important parts of happiness is wealth．
    F．However，this may sound straightforward enough，but it still doesn't explain what
    determines people's happiness．
    G．Another difference in the perception （看法） of happiness is that Western countries tend to have quite an"individualistic view of human life"．

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