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1.Four extra points of IQ,an extra year's education and a significantly enhanced income at the age of 30.Those are the benefits of having been breast-fed,according to a study just published in Lancet Global Health by Bernardo Horta of the Federal University of Pelotas,in Brazil,and his colleagues.
Previous research has suggested that breast-feeding has beneficial long-term effects.But Dr Horta's work is particularly persuasive because it looks at adults rather than children and teenagers,and because it contradicts the suggestion that social class is a confounding variable(混杂变量),with rich mothers tending to breast-feed more than poor mothers do.
The participants in the study were among a group of Brazilians born in Pelotas in 1982.Following a cohort(一群人) like this through their lives is an established method of medical research.It lets doctors test hypotheses that retrospective(涉及以往的) examination,relying on memory,cannot address reliably.In 2012and 2013Dr Horta managed to track down 3,493members of the cohort whose diet as babies,including their consumption of breast milk,had been recorded at the time,ask them some questions,and give them an IQ test.
Comparing those who,as babies,had been breast-fed for less than a month with those who had been so fed for more than a year,Dr Horta found the latter's IQ was 3.76points higher than the former's and that they had attended school for 0.91years longer.The income data were slightly more complicated.Those breast-fed for over a year had incomes 15% higher than those suckled for less than a month,but those breast-fed for six to 12months did even better,at 55%.These effects,moreover,were unaffected by a family's income at the time a study participant was born.
The reasons for this are not known for certain,though it is easy to speculate.Human milk has,presumably,been optimised for human nutrition by evolution.The social contact involved in suckling may also have an effect.But the underlying cause is less important than the result.As Winston Churchill once said,"there is no finer investment for any community than putting milk into babies."Add the word"mother's"in front of"milk",and the returns on that investment get finer still.

41.The benefits of having been breast-fed don't includeA.
A.better academic performance
B.an enhanced income at the age of 30
C.an extra year's education
D.higher IQ
42.Which of the following descriptions about the reasearch is correct according to the passage?C
A.In 2012and 2013Dr Horta managed to track down 3,493people randomly.
B.The participants in the study were among a group of Brazilian adults in 1982.
C.An IQ test was conducted among some memebers of the cohort for the research.
D.The diet of the cohort as babies didn't include their consumption of breast milk.
43.Which of the following statement may the author most probably agree with?D
A.Scientist know exactly the reasons for the influence of suckling.
B.Having been breast-fed as babies will surely influence a person's income in the future positively.
C.The result of suckling is less more important than the cause.
D.Putting milk into babies is very important for any community.
44.The underlined phrase speculate in the last paragraph is closest in meaning toB.
A.understand
B.guess
C.expect
D.know
45.What is the passage mainly about?A
A.Breast-feeding,beneficial to future development.
B.A finer investment-putting milk into babies.
C.The finding of a study.
D.The effect of breast-feeding.

分析 本文属于说明文阅读,作者通过这篇文章主要向我们描述了研究表明,母乳喂养有利于增长智商发育,十分重要.

解答 41.A.细节理解题,根据文章第一段"Four extra points of IQ,an extra year's education and a significantly enhanced income at the age of 30.Those are the benefits of having been breast-fed",这智商更高,一年的额外教育和在30岁的时候显著提高的收入,这些都是拥有母乳喂养的好处;故选A.
42.C.细节理解题,根据文章第三段"In 2012and 2013Dr Horta managed to track down 3,493members of the cohort whose diet as babies,including their consumption of breast milk,had been recorded at the time,ask them some questions,and give them an IQ test",在2012年2013 Dr Horta设法追踪该队列的婴儿3493名成员的饮食,包括母乳的消耗,一直在记录,并且问他们一些问题,给他们进行IQ测试;故选C.
43.D.推理判断题.根据最后一段As Winston Churchill once said,"there is no finer investment for any community than putting milk into babies."Add the word"mother's"in front of"milk",and the returns on that investment get finer still可知用牛奶喂养婴儿对任何社区都很重要;故选D.
44.B.词义猜测题.根据最后一段The reasons for this are not known for certain,though it is easy to speculate可知这其中的原因是不确定,但很容易推断;意为猜测;故选B.
45.A.推理判断题.根据第二段Previous research has suggested that breast-feeding has beneficial long-term effects可知文章的主要内容是母乳喂养利于未来发展;故选A.

点评 考察学生的细节理解和推理判断能力,做细节理解题时一定要找到文章中的原句,和题干进行比较,再做出正确的选择.在做推理判断题不要以个人的主观想象代替文章的事实,要根据文章事实进行合乎逻辑的推理判断.

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