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    Barack Obama, Lady Gaga and Steve Jobs—what do they have in common? They are, of course, all Americans. And according to a survey by social networking site badoo. com, they all best illustrate(举例说明) the word “cool”.

    But just what does it mean to say someone is “cool”? Most would answer that it is something to do with being independent-minded and not following the crowd.
    Yale University art professor Robert Farris Thompson says that the term “cool” goes back to 15th century West African philosophy(哲学).  “Cool” relates to ideas of grace(优雅) under pressure.
    “In Africa, ” he writes, “coolness is a positive quality which combines calmness, silence, and life.”
    The modern idea of “cool” developed largely in the US in the period after World War II. “Post-war ‘cool’ was in part an expression of war-weariness (n. 厌战情绪)
    . . . it went against the strict social rules of the time,” write sociologists Dick Pountain and David Robins in Cool Rules:Anatomy of an Attitude.
    But it was the American actor James Dean who became the symbol for “cool” in the hugely successful 1955 movie Rebel without a Cause.  Dean plays a tough guy who disobeys his parents and the authorities. He always gets the girl, smokes cigarettes, wears a leather jacket and beats up bullies(欺凌弱小者). In the movie, Dean showed what “cool” would mean to American young people for the next 60 years.
    Today the focus of “cool” has changed to athletics (体育运动) stars. Often in movies about schools, students gain popularity on the athletics field more than in the classroom. This can be seen quite clearly in movies like Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die.
    But many teenagers also think being smart is cool. Chess and other thinking games have been becoming more popular in schools.
    “Call it the Harry Potterization of America—a time when being smart is the new cool,” writes journalist Joe Sunnen.
    小题1:Barack Obama, Lady Gaga and Steve Jobs are mentioned in the first paragraph to ________.
    A．introduce the topicB．draw our attention
    C．tell us what they have in commonD．tell us what is “cool”
    小题2:If you were considered “cool” in Africa in the 15th century, you ________.
    A．thought and acted differently from the majority
    B．had a calm and quiet attitude towards life
    C．didn’t observe rules and authorities
    D．had all kinds of “bad” manners
    小题3:The heroes in Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die are likely to be those who ________.
    A．do very well in their studies
    B．are very skilled at sports
    C．are good at chess and other thinking games.
    D．have supernatural powers like Harry Potter
    小题4:Which of the following is NOT true according to the article?
    A．It is generally considered “cool” to be independent-minded and not to follow the crowd.
    B．“Cool” was used as early as the 15th century.
    C．Disobeying one’s parents and the authorities is considered “cool” among American young people nowadays.
    D．Getting the first place in an exam can also be considered “cool”.
    小题5:What does the article mainly talk about?
    A．The origin of the word “cool”.
    B．The kinds of people who are “cool”.
    C．The changing meaning of the word “cool”.
    D．How to be a “ cool” person.

    小题1:A
    小题2:B
    小题3:B
    小题4:D
    小题5:C

    试题分析：文章主要讲的是“cool”一词的含义。我们通常说一个人很酷，那么，酷的意思是什么呢？“cool”一词可以追溯到15世纪的西非。当时，“cool”一词与冷静、安静的生活态度有关。
    小题1:根据第二段“But just what does it mean to say someone is “cool”? Most would answer that it is something to do with being independent-minded and not following the crowd.”可知，作者提到Barack Obama, Lady Gaga和Steve Jobs是为了引出话题--cool。故选A。
    小题2:根据第四段“coolness is a positive quality which combines calmness, silence, and life.”可知，在15世纪的非洲，cool代表冷静、安静的生活态度，故选B。
    小题3:根据倒数第三段“Often in movies about schools, students gain popularity on the athletics field more than in the classroom. This can be seen quite clearly in movies like Varsity Blues and John Tucker Must Die.”可知，热爱运动的人更容易成为受欢迎的人，故选B。
    小题4:根据倒数第三段“Often in movies about schools, students gain popularity on the athletics field more than in the classroom.”和倒数第二段“But many teenagers also think being smart is cool.”可知，学习成绩好的人没有热爱运动的人受欢迎，故选D。
    小题5:根据第一段“they all best illustrate(举例说明) the word “cool”.”和第二段“But just what does it mean to say someone is “cool”?”可知，文章讲的是，cool指的是什么样的人，故选C。
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    “One cannot make a leap from group level data to the individual.Certainly the last thing you want to do is to say，‘Well，I am a pessimist；thus，I am doomed to develop dementia 20 or 30 years later，’because this may end up becoming a self­fulfilling prophecy (预言)．”
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    小题1:What is the passage mainly about?
    A．It is impossible for people to avoid dementia.
    B．People who always have negative feelings may have a higher risk of getting dementia.
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    小题2:According to the passage，which of the following is TRUE?
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    B．A person who is pessimistic is sure to get dementia.
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    D．Those who scored high for pessimism might have a higher risk of dementia.
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    小题4:Which of the following words is not close to the meaning of the word “pessimistic”？
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    C．Unhappy.D．Upset.

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    B．leads children to work harder
    C．improves children’s memories
    D．affects children’s regular studies
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    D．Nothing can help the students who fall behind after the vacation.
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Growing strawberries in pots

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Last year, over 206,000 students from the United States studied abroad. Does that number surprise you? These students already know the benefits of studying abroad. You may be wondering why you should study abroad. Here are some answers for you.
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    The absolutely best time in your life to study abroad is when you are in college. If you miss this opportunity, it’s almost impossible for you to do it later in life.
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    小题4:All of the following are mentioned in the passage as reasons for studying abroad EXCEPT _______.
    A．getting cross-cultural experience
    B．improving communication skills and self-confidence
    C．improving your foreign language
    D．learning how to get along with people

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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    It is generally believed that we are getting cleaned when we step under a shower. We are, but we’re also giving a home to lots of tiny little creatures we didn’t even know about. A showerhead carries thousands of bacteria called Mycobacterium．These can cause problems like coughs and tiredness, and a general feeling of poorliness (身体不舒服). When you turn on the water, the bacteria go from the showerhead onto and into your body.
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    小题1:From the finding of Norman R. Pace, after taking a shower, we might cough or feel tired because      .
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    B．the showerhead carries many bacteria causing illness
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    D．we don’t get a weak immune system
    小题2:According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?
    A．Hot water could kill most of bacteria in showerheads.
    B．Of 45 showerheads surveyed in nine cities, 30 carried large amounts of Mycobacterium.
    C．Changing showerheads is the only way to avoid microorganisms.
    D．Shower water contains much less bacteria after being left to run for 30 seconds.
    小题3:We can learn from the third paragraph that       .
    A．having a shower in the morning is more dangerous than at other time
    B．the bacteria always threat people’s health
    C．there is no reason to fear microorganisms for people with strong immune system
    D．it is better to do some exercise in the morning than have a shower
    小题4:The underlined word “pose” in the third paragraph probably means “______”．
    A．cause B．avoid C．describeD．promise
    小题5:What contributes to fresh air in US subways?
    A．The train’s movement.B．Iron particles．
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    科目：高中英语 来源：不详 题型：阅读理解

    Around the world coral reefs(珊瑚礁) are facing threats(威胁) brought by climate change and great changes in sea temperatures. While ocean warming has been the primary focus for scientists and ocean policy managers, cold events can also whiten corals. A new study by scientists compared damaged to corals exposed to heat as well as cold stress. The results show that cool temperatures can cause more damage in the short term, but heat is more destructive(破坏性的) in the long run.
    Climate change is widely known to produce warming conditions in the oceans, but extreme cold-water events have become more frequent and serious as well. In 2010, for example, coral reefs around the world faced on of the coldest winters and one of the hottest summers on record.
    During a unique experiment, corals under cold temperatures suffered greater damage in just days compared with heat treated corals. Yet the researchers found that corals were eventually able to adjust to the cold conditions, make their health stable and continue to grow. However, over the long term corals subjected to heat suffered more greatly than those in cold, with evidence of severe whitening and growth stoppage, which leads to death.
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    小题1:Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?
    A．Corals are unable to adjust to temperature changes.
    B．Cold temperature causes greater damage to corals.
    C．Hot temperature helps coral reefs to grow quickly.
    D．Heat and cold damage corals in their own ways.
    小题2:We can learn from the passage that         .
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    B．2010 witnessed one of the greatest temperature differences on record
    C．corals prefer warmer conditions to cold temperatures in the long run
    D．global warming has nothing to do with the decrease of temperature
    小题3:According to the research,            .
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    B．cold events help corals grow more quickly in a short time
    C．corals show no response to hot temperatures in the first days
    D．corals are whitened mainly because of warm temperatures
    小题4:Scientists reached the conclusion through              .
    A．news reportB．scientific studyC．great imaginationD．natural conditions

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