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1.虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法
情况 |
虚拟条件句 |
主句 |
与现在事实相反 |
过去式(be一律用were) |
|
与将来事实相反 |
过去式(be一律用were) should+动词原形 were to+动词原形 |
would/should/ could/might +动词原形 |
与过去事实相反 |
had+过去分词 |
would/should/ could/might+ have+过去分词 |
If she knew English,she wouldn't ask me for help.如果她懂英语的话,她不会找我帮忙的。
If I had known her number,I would have called her.
如果我知道她的电话号码的话,我就给她打电话了。
If it were to snow this evening,they would not go out.如果今晚下雪,他们将不出去了。
注意:
(1)错综时间条件句
有时主句与从句的动作发生在不同时间,这时主句和从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式必须因时间不同而不同。
If she hadn't trained so hard, she wouldn't be able to run so fast.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反)如果她以前训练没有这么刻苦的话,她现在不可能跑得那么快。
If he had died in the accident,he couldn't stand in front ofyou now.如果他在那次事故中死去了,他现在就不会站在你面前了。
(2)省略if的用法
如果条件句的从句部分含有were,should或had,有时可将if省略,把were,should或had移到句首。
Were I you, I would get up early in the morning.如果我是你的话,我早晨就会早起。
Had you arrived at the station ten minutes earlier yesterday,you could have caught the train.
昨天如果你早到车站10分钟的话,就会赶上火车了。
Should it rain,the crops would be saved. 要是下雨的话,庄稼就会有救了。
(3)含蓄条件句:句中没有明显的虚拟条件句,而是用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。有以下情况:
①通过介词短语with,without, but for,but that等。
Without air,there would be no living things.若没有空气,就没有生物。
But for your mother's help we wouldn't have finished the work.要不是你妈妈帮忙,我们不可能完成这项工作。
②通过连词or, but,though,once等。
I would have attended the meeting, but I have been too busy.我本来要参加会议的,只是太忙了。
③通过不定式短语。
You would be a fool to refuse his offer.要是你拒绝他的提议,那就太傻了。
④通过分词短语。
Given more attention, the trees could have grown better.倘若给予更多关心,这些树木本来可以生长得更好。
⑤无词语暗示条件。
Such mistakes could have been avoided.这些错误本来是可以避免的。