一、精彩回放

例2:The Communist Party of China was founded in 1921.

中国共产党是1921年成立的。

3)communication  n. 沟通;通信

例1:Learn to use the computer if you want to have good communication with the world.

如果你想能够与世界好好沟通的话,去学习使用电脑吧。

例2:Advanced countries usually have excellent communications.

发达国家通常具有完备的通讯网络。

8solve

【用法】 vt.  解决(问题)

例1:We have to find ways to solve the traffic problems.

我们得想出办法来解决交通问题。

例2:All the problems have been solved.

所有的问题都已解决。

9fool

【用法一】vt. & vi. 欺骗;愚弄;捉弄

例1:The man fooled her out of all her money.

那男子把她的钱全骗走了。

例2:The politician fooled lots of people into believing his words.

那个政客骗得许多人相信了他的话。

例3:Can’t you stop fooling?

别再做傻事行不行?

【用法二】 n. 傻瓜,呆子

例1:Tom is a fool, who even believes in her.

汤姆真是傻子一个;他居然相信她。

例2:You fool! 你真傻!

【用法三】adj. 愚笨的

例如:I was fool enough to do that for her.

我真够笨的,居然会为了她去做那样的事。

【相关链接】

foolish  adj. 愚蠢的;不明智的;荒谬的

例1:Not being able to tell the difference, you are foolish.

这种区别也分辨不清,你真蠢。

例2:It was foolish of her to marry that man.

她把自己嫁给了那男子,真不明智。

例3:She looks foolish in that dress.

她穿那样的衣服,看起来真可笑。

重要词组

1compare…with…

compare…with…与……进行比较

例1:Let's compare Christmas with the Spring Festival, shall we?

          咱们将“圣诞节”与“春节”进行一番比较,好吗?

例2:Why not compare your homework with hers?

何不将你自己的作业与她的作业比较一下呢?

注意compare to表示“把……比作……”。

例如:Girls are usually compared to flowers.

女孩常被比作花朵。

2learn about

learn about  了解

例如:Scientists are trying to learn more about the ocean.

科学家们在设法更多地了解海洋。

【相关链接】

1)learn from sb. 向某人学习

例如:We should learn from Comrade Lei Feng.

我们应当向雷峰学习。

2)learn…from sb. 从某人那里得知……

例如:I learnt the news from Mr. Wang.

我是从王老师那里得知这一消息的。

3)learn of ….得知……

例如:I learned of her lung cancer this morning.

我是在今天上午才得知也患了肺癌。

4)learn…by heart 熟记;背诵

例如:Class, please learn this paragraph by heart.

同学们,请认真记熟(背诵)这一段。

3get together

get together  聚会;联欢

例1:They are to get together next Saturday.

他们计划于下周星期六进行联欢。

例2:All of my classmates will get together in our former class adviser’s home.

我们全班同学会去我们原班主任家里聚会。

【相关链接】

1) get along 设法度过;活过

例如:I can hardly get along Christmas without sending you a gift.

在圣诞节不给你送一件礼物,我真不知怎样度过这个节日。

2)get along with sb.  与某人相处

例如:The newcomer is getting along well with all of us.

这位新来的同学与我们大家相处甚好。

3)get along with sth.   某事进展……

例如:How are you getting along with your English studies?

你的英语学习进展如何?

4)get away with sth. 拿某物潜逃;卷走某物

例如:The manager has got away with a large amount of money.

那经理携持巨款潜逃了。

5)get back  回来;取回

例1:He got back from abroad yesterday.

他昨天从国外回来。

例2:Go and get back my magazine.

去把我的杂志取回来。

4in common

in common相同

例1:Chinese and Japanese have a lot in common in eating.

在吃的方面,中国人和日本人有许多相同之处。

例2:They have nothing in common with one another.

他们彼此毫无共同之处。

5believe in

believe in 信任;信赖

例1:Most Westerners believe in God.

大多数西方人信奉上帝。

例2:Fewer and fewer citizens believe in their government in the country.

在那个国家,越来越少的市民对政府存有信心。

【相关链接】

believe  vt. 相信(某人说的话)

例如:No one believed him (his words / what he said.)

没有人相信他说的是真话。

6give away

give away 赠送;分送;泄露

例1:He gave away most of his money to the poor villagers.

他把大部分钱都给了那些贫苦的村民。

例2:The headmaster gave away each of us a medal at the celebration.

在庆功会上,校长给我们每人发了一枚勋章。

例3:His accent gave him away.

他的口音暴露了他的身份。

7play tricks on sb.

play tricks on sb. 捉弄某人;开某人的玩笑

例如:Jack likes playing tricks on his classmates.

杰克喜欢捉弄他的同学。(杰克喜欢拿他的同学寻开心。)

8take in

take in上当;吸收(营养、水分等);招收

例1:She is easy to be taken in.

她很容易上当。

例2:To take in nutrition, we should eat different kinds of food.

例3:My sister was taken in by Beijing University last year.

去年我姐姐考上北大了。

难句分析

试题详情

1.We must do as much as we can to make our community better and more beautiful.

我们必须尽可能多地为我们的社区工作,使它变得更好,更美。

【解析1】 as much as尽可能多地;句中much是副词,修饰谓语动词do。第二个as是连词,引导了一个从句as we can。情态动词can的后面省去了do。

【解析2】to make our…是一个表示目的状语的不定式。make…better and more beautiful使……更好,更美。

例如:His absence made our job more difficult.

他的缺席使得我们的工作变得更难了。

试题详情

3.Earth Day is a celebration of life and our planet, and it is a reminder that we need to care about the world we live in and learn to respect life and nature.

“地球日”是对生命和我们这颗行星的一个庆祝日;这个节日提醒我们要关爱我们赖以生存的的这个世界,学会尊重生命、尊重自然。

【解析1】由day 构成的节日名词前不用冠the修饰。

       例如:Children's Day 儿童节                    Labour Day 劳动节

                Mid-autumn Day 中秋节         Teachers's Day 劳动节

【解析2】that we need to…是一个同位语从句,修饰reminder。引导同位语从句的连词that不能省去,也不能用which替换。(同位语从句是对前面所修饰词进行阐述、说明。)

       例1:The news that our team beat theirs is true.

          我们队战胜了他们队这一消息是真实的。

       例2:Father has made me a promise that he will take me to Beijing in the vacation if I do better in the final test.

          父亲对我许下了诺言:如果我的期末测试比以前好,假期他就会带我去北京。

【解析3】we live in 是一个省去了which (that)连词的定语从句,它修饰the world。

       例如:We should care about the world in which we live.

          我们应当关爱我们赖以生存的世界。

语法精讲

情态动词(2)――掌握must,have to,have got to 的基本用法:

试题详情

1.表示必须要做或照办事。

   例1:We must go and help her.

         我们必须去帮她。

   例2:You must do as you're told.

         你必须照吩咐的办。

   例3:Cars must not be parked in front of the entrance.

         严禁在入口处停车。

特别提醒:

(1)在回答由must引起的问句时,若是否定的回答,要用needn't或don't have to (不必),而不能用mustn't(不许)。

       例如:Must I do it now?

          我现在必须做这事吗?

          No, you needn't. (=No, you don't have to.)

          不,不必。

(2)出现过去时间概念时,常用had to; must较少用。

       例如:My boss said on the phone I had to be In the office within ten minutes.

          我的老板在电话中对我说,我必须在10分钟内赶回办公室。

试题详情

2.表示一种较肯定的揣测(用于肯定句)。

       例1:Mr. Li must be (going over our exercises )in his office now.

          李老师现在一定在他的办公室(批改我们的习题)。

       例2:She must have washed all the sheets by now, hasn't she?

          她现在一定把床单全洗了,是不是?

特别提醒

(1)在表示“必须”时,must与have to 意义很相近,但是若强调主观看法时,用must;若强调客观外界原因导致的情况时,用have to。

       例1:I must do up (clean)my bedroom. It's dirty.

          我必须打扫我的卧室,它很脏了。

       例2:I have to clean my bedroom, or my mother won't be happy.

          我不得不打扫我的卧室了,不然又要惹得母亲不高兴了。

(2)must与have to 问句形式及肯定回答比较:

       例1:―Must we copy all the new words?

            ――我们必须抄下所有的生词吗?

            ―Yes, you must.

         ――是的,必须全抄下来。

       例2:―Do we have to do it right now?

         ――我们现在就得做吗?

         ―Yes, you do.

         ――是的,现在就得做。

(3)have to (=have got to 美国英语)

       例如:I have got to do that for him.

                我得为了他而去做那事。

 

Unit15   The necklace

本单元重点单词

scary adj. 可怕的,吓人的           mysterious adj. 神秘的,不可思议的        necklace n.项链

scene n. 场景;布景                                                                                    recognize vt. vi. 认出;认识;承认

diamond n. 钻石;金刚石            government n.政府                                       ball n. 舞会

palace n.       宫;宫殿                   jewellery n. (总称)珠宝                          accept vt. 接受

invitation n. 邀请;请贴        franc n.  法郎                                         continue vi.继续

pretty adj. 漂亮的;俊俏的          happiness n.幸福;快乐                               exactly adv.精确地

valuable adj.值钱的;贵重的 worth adj. 值……的                             author n.作者

character n. 人物,角色;(汉)字 line n. (戏曲)台词                                        alien n.外侨

clone n.v. 克隆                           rehearse v. 排练(节目)                           plot n. (小说的)情节

dormitory n. 宿舍

本单元重点短语

fall asleep 人睡;睡着                                              a dark night in April 四月的一个黑夜

a scary place 一个恐怖的地方                                  create a short play      编一个短剧

on one’s way to school 在某人上学的路上                     something unusual happened发生了异常的事

another normal day 又一个普通的日子                   walk towards sb. 朝某人走去

don’t look very well看上去气色不好                        look older than one’s age看上去比年龄大

ten years of hard work 十年的辛劳                          only a small cold room to live in只有寒舍一间

for the past ten years 在过去的十年里                            in a government office在一下政府部门

accept an invitation接受邀请                              after all 毕竟

a man with a lot of money 有钱人                                   continue to do sth.继续做某事

cal on访问;拜访                                                       bring out 取出;拿出

a lovely diamond necklace可爱的钻石项链                     try it on试戴

look wonderful on sb. 戴在某人身上看上去很美   the last moment of happiness最后的快乐时光

look down 低头看                                                     rush back to the palace 猛地跑回宫殿

without luck不幸运,不凑巧                             day and night 日日夜夜

pay off 还清                                                              write a scene写一个场景

precious stone钻石                                                     take up several jobs找几份工作

wear a new ring 戴新戒指                                         animal products 动物制品

play different roles扮演不同的角色                          lines written like a dialogue写得像对话的台词

of one’s own某人自己的                                    come up with a very good story编成很好的故事

give it a try试一试                                                      take sb. for a ride带某人去兜风

a thousand years from now从现在起一千年             be scared 害怕

do the same with照……做                                         rehearse a play排练话剧

例1:He arrived there before me.
       他比我先到那里。

例2:A few minutes before the accident he called on me.
       事故发生几分钟以前他访问过我。

例3:Please come before 10 o’clock.

       请十点以前来。

【用法二】prep. (位置)在……的前面

例1:He sat just before me.

       他就坐在我的前面。

例2:The prisoner was taken before the court.

       犯人被带到法庭上。

【用法三】prep.(位次)先于,高于

例1:The English verb comes before the object.

       英语动词放在宾语前面。

例2:We should put the collective interests before our own personal interests.

       我们应该把集体利益放在个人利益的前面。

例3:Those with babies get on the bus before the oth-ers.

       带孩子的人先上车。

【用法四】conj. 在……以前

例1:I must finish my work before I go home.

       我必须在回家这前做完工作。

例2:Before I came I to Shanghai, I had worked in Bei-jing for many years.

       我来上海之前在北京工作过很多年。

【用法五】conj. ……就……

例1:I had not waited long before he came.

       我没等多久他就来了。

例2:I’ ll do it now before I forget it.

       我趁着没忘记的时候就做吧。

例3:It wasn’t long before she came back.

       没过多久她就回来了。

【用法六】conj.……才……

例1:It will be long before we meet again.

我们要过很久才能见面。

例2:One must sow before one can reap.

       先有播种然后才有收获。

【用法七】adv. (常与完成时或never连用)以前,从前

例1:Have you ever heard of that before?

       你以前听说过那事吗?

例2:I have never met him before.

       我以前从未见过他。

【相关链接】
1) before long(与将来式、过去式连用)不久以后
例1:Before long they didn’t have to worry about their chickens.

       不久,他们就不必担心他们的欢迎鸡了。

例2:The work will be finished before long.

    该项工作不久即将完成。

2) long before(与一般过去时连用)很久以前

例1:We heard of it long before.

              我们很久以前就听说过那事了。

例2:I had heard of him long before I came here.

    我来这里很久以前就听说过他。

3) ago adv. (用于过去式)以前

例1:I met him three days ago.

        我三天以前见过他。

例2:He started two weeks ago.

       他在两星期前动身了。

试题详情

一、精彩回放
(一)重点单词
1. before
【用法一】prep.(时间)……以前

2. scary

【用法】adj.可怕的,吓人的

例1:I was frightened when I was walking in a scary dark street.

       当我走在一条可怕的黑暗街道上时,我胆战心惊。

例2:The old man told us a scary story yesterday eve-ning.

       那位老人昨晚给我们讲了一个吓人的故事。

试题详情

3. mysterious

【用法一】adj.神秘的,不可思议的

例1:Scientists are working hard to probe into the mys-terious universe.

        科学家们正努力地探索着神秘的宇宙。

例2:They are being very mysterious about their holiday plan.

       关于他们的度假计划,他们故作神秘。

【用法二】adj. 故弄玄虚的

例1:Don’t be mysterious!

        不要故弄玄虚。

例2:I think he is mysterious.

        我认为他是在故弄玄虚的。

试题详情

4. recognize

【用法一】vt. 认出,辨认

例1:Yesterday he recognized his long lost brother.

        他昨天认出了失散已久的兄弟。

例2:I could hardly recognize him I met him at the airport.

       在机场接他时,我几乎认不出他来了。

例3:No one can recognize you in that disguise.

       你那么一化装,谁也不认不出你来了。

【用法二】vt.承认

例1:We recognize your government as the sole legal government of your country.

        我们承认你们的政府是你们国家唯一的合法政府。

例2:Our claim was recognized by the leadership as jus-tified.

       我们的要求已被领导承认是正确的。

例3:They refused to recognize our new government.

        他们拒绝承认我们的新政府。

【用法三】vt. 清楚地认识到;自认

例1:He recognized that the was not qualified

       他认识到他不能胜任这项工作。

例2:I recognize that he is the best worker we have.

       我认识到他是我们最好的工人。

例3:I hope that you can recognize your duty to your country.

       我希望你能够认识到自己对祖国的责任。

【用法四】vt.公认,欣赏

例1:He was recognized as an authority in international law.

他被公认为国际法权威。

例2:The school recognized his studies by making him a best student in the school.

         学校为表彰他的学习而封他为学校的最佳学生。

例3:His merits have been recognized.

         他的功绩已被公认了。

【相关链接】

be recognized as 被承认是,被认出是

例1:Tom is recognized as the best football player in the school.

       汤姆被公认为学校最佳足球选手。

例2:The man was recognized as the one who stole the money from the store yesterday.

       那个人被认出是昨天在商店里偷钱的人。

【相关链接2】

recognition n. 认识;认出;承认;认中

1) in recognition of作为对……的报酬

例如:Please accept this cheque in recognition of all your help.

请接受这张支票作为你全部帮助的报酬。

2) change beyond/out of all recognition 变得无法认出

例如:Illness and age changed her out of all recognition.

        疾病和衰老使她的模样变得认不出来了。

试题详情

5. accept

【用法一】vt. 接受,领受

例1:She accepted our invitation to dinner.

        她接受我们邀请来吃晚饭。

例2:He gladly accepted the offer to teach at the school.

       他高兴地接受了那所学校任教的请求。

例3:I always accept criticism with an open mind.

       我总是虚心接受批评。

【用法二】vt.承认,认可

例1:We accepted his report as true.

      我们认为他的报告符合事实。

例2:Did she accept your reason for being late?

       她是否相信你迟到的理由?

例3:For a long time she could not accept that her hus-band was really dead.

       有很长一段时间她不相信她丈夫真的死了。

【用法三】vi.同意,承认

例如:He asked her to marry him and she accepted.

         他向她求婚,她答应了。

试题详情

6. continue

【用法一】vi.继续,连续

例1:They continued on for another mile.

        他们又继续向前行进了一英里。

例2:The rain continued for two days.

       雨连续下了两天。

【用法二】vi. 留,依旧

例1:The minister continued at his post.

       那位部长留住任了。

例2:The sea had continued calm until a hurricane rose.

       飓风来临之前,海面一直平静。

例3:The weather continued fine.

       天气仍然很好。

【用法三】vt. 使继续,使连续

例1:He continued his interrupted higher education af-ter the war.

       战争以后他继续接受中断的高等教育。

例2:The meeting will be continued after a recess.

       休息后继续开会。

例3:He continued the study of Chinese poetry for sve-eral years.

       他继续研究中国诗词达数年之久。

【相关链接】

1)continue to do sth. = continue doing sth. 继续做某事

例如:The researchers continued testing/to test this hy-pothesis.

        研究人员继续验证这一假说。

2) continue a story 继续讲故事

例如:Uncle Wang continued the story until bed time.

         王叔叔继续讲故事一直到睡觉前。

3) To be continued待续

试题详情

7. worth

【用法一】adj. (仅做表语,后接控语)值……的,相当于……的价值的

例1:These pieces of furniture are worth a total of one thousand dollars.

       这几件家具共值一千元。

例2:How much is a diamond necklace worth?

       一条钻石项链值多少钱?

例3:None really knows what time is worth.

        时间的价值有多大,没有人直正知道。

【用法二】adj. 值得……的;有……的价值的

例1:Only the first few pages are worth reading.

        只有头几页值得一读。

例2:Is the play worth seeing?

        这出戏值得一看吗?

例3:Is it worth all the trouble?

        费那么多事值得吗?

【用法三】n. [U] 价值,精神价值

例1:The professor’s discovery was of great worth.

         这位教授的发现很有价值。

例2:Worth makes the man, and want of it, the villain.

        有德为君子,无德为小人。

例3:The worth of this discovery was not realized until

         a hundred years after his death.

         直到他死后一百年,人们才认识到这项发现的价值。

【相关链接】

1) not worth one’s while 不值一干

例如:It’s not worth your while visiting that temple of lit-tle historical value.

         那个寺庙不值得你去参观,因为它在历史上没有多大价值。

2) worthwhile adj. 无价的,无用的

例1: Throw it away. It’s quite worthless.

         把它扔掉,这东西毫无用处。

例2: It’s worthless to anybody.

         这对任何人都毫无价值。

3) worthwhile adj. 值得花时间的,值得做的

例1:Some worthwhile researches have been made.

        做了一些值得进行的研究。

例2:Such a result is not quite worthwhile.

        这样的成果不太合算。

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8. worthy

【用法一】adj. 有价值的,可尊敬的

例1:He is a worthy man.

        他是个高尚的人。

例2:Lei Feng was a worthy son of the people.

        雷峰是人民的好儿子。

例3:Our cause is a worthy one.

        我们的事业是正义的事业。

【用法二】adj. (作表语)值得的,配得上的

例1:Your achievements are worthy of admiration.

        你的成就值得钦佩。

例2:Another document worthy to be mentioned is the resolution passed at the summit conference.

        值得一提的另一个文件就是高级会议上通过的那个决议。

(二)重要词组

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1. fall asleep
fall asleep 入睡
       例1:Last night I was trying to fall asleep when sudden-ly the telephone rang.

              昨天晚上我正要试图入睡,这时突然电话铃响了。

       例2:He went to bed early but he couldn’t fall asleep.

               他很早就上床了,但无法入睡。

       例3:He fell asleep while listening to the light music.

               他在听那首轻音乐时睡着了。

【相关链接】

1) fall back退却;后退

  例如:We must not fall back before the enemy.

              在敌人面前我们不能退却。

2) fall behind 落在……的后面,跟不上

  例如:I must work hard in order not to fall behind.

           为了不落后,我必须努力学习。

3) fall in with sb. 偶尔遇到某人

  例如:On my way to school yesterday morning, I fell in with Xiao Hui.

           昨天早上在上学的路上,我遇上了小惠。

4) fall out with sb. 与某人争吵

  例如:I feel very bad because I have just felt out with one of my frieds.

              我感觉心情很糟,因为刚同我的一位朋友争吵过。

5) fall in love (with sb.) 爱上(某人)

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  例如:They fell in love with each other when they were a-broad in 2001.

              他们于2001年在国外时恋爱了。

6) fall (get) into trouble (difficulty) 陷入困境

  例如:In those years, they often fell into trouble.

              那互日子里,他们经常陷入困境。

7) fall (come) to pieces 跌碎,摔碎

  例如:The old temple fell into pieces last night.

              那座古庙昨晚坍塌了。

8) fall into a dream 进入梦乡

  例如:He went bed early and fell into a dream soon.

              他早就睡了,并且很快就进入了梦乡。

9) fall into a habit 染上一种习惯

  例如:When he was in the country, he fell into a habit of smoking.

              他在农村养成了抽烟的习惯。

10) fall dead 倒下死去

      例如:The man fell on his knees before a rich man and asked for some money.

                那个人在一个有钱人的面前跪下乞求些钱。

11) fall dead 倒下死去

       例如:In the battle, the young soldier was shot and fell dead.

                在战斗中,那个年轻的士兵被击中,倒下死了。

12) fall short to 达不到,不符合

       例如:These goods fall short of quality.

                这批货物不符合质量。

13) fall on落在,落到,袭击,进攻

       例如:Christmas Day fell on a Monday that year.

                那年的圣诞节恰好是在星期一。

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2. after all

after all 须知,毕竟

       例1:I was right after all. He failed.

               到底我还是对的,他还是失败了。

       例2:I know he hasn’t finished his work, but, after all, he is a very busy man.

               我知道他尚未完成工作,不过,别忘了,他是个大忙人。

【相关链接1】

1) at all 居然,究竟,到底;(在否定句中)一点也不

  例1:I was surprised at his coming at all.

              他居然来了,我很奇怪。

  例2:Do you know him at all?

              你究竟知道不知道他?

  例3:I don’t like watching TV at all.

              我一点也不喜欢看电视。

  例4:If you know at all, you will not do so.

              要是你知道一些的话,你不会那样做的。

2) all in all 一般而言,整体而言

例1:All in all we had a good time.

        总起来说,我们玩得很愉快。

【相关链接2】

1) all along 自始至终

  例如:I knew that all along.

              我自始至终都知道那件事。

2) all but 几乎

  例如:I am all but ready.

              我几乎准备好了。

3) all over 全部;到处;遍及每个角落

例1:They painted the door green all over.

         他们把门全部漆成了绿色。

例2:We’ve been hunting for him all over.

         我们一直到处找他。

例3:They are traveling all over India.

         他们在印度各地旅游。

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3. call on

call on拜访(某人);请求;使出(力量)

       例1:We can call on Mary tomorrow.

                我们明天能拜访玛丽。

       例2:I will now call on Li Ming for an answer.

               我现在要向李明请教答案。

       例3:We have to call on all our strength.

               我们得用全力。

【相关链接】

1) call at 参观(某地方)

  例如:We called on our headmaster at his office.

              我们昨天在校长办公室拜访了校长。

2) call for 要求;需要;约请(人)

  例1:He called for the waiter for the bill.

              他呼唤侍者过来要帐单。

 例2:I’ll call for you at 9 o’clock tomorrow morning.

          明天早上九点我来叫你。

3) call in 邀来,请来;收回

  例1:Have you called any doctor in?

              你们请医生了吗?

例2:The makers have called in some cars with dangerous faults.

              制造商已收回一些危险缺陷的汽车。

4) call up征集;唤起;打电话

  例1:The villagers called up the soldiers to clear up the road.

              村民们召集了士兵来清扫道路。

  例2:The movie calls up my bitter hatred for the terror-ists.

              这部电影唤起了我对恐怖分子的深仇大恨。

  例3:If you want to place an order, please call me up.

              如果你要订购的话,就电话给我。

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4. pay off

pay off 偿清(债务等)

       例如:It took them six years to pay off the debts.

                他们花了六年时间才还清那件判决所定的债务。

【相关链接】

1) pay back 偿还;报答,回报

  例1:If you’ll lend me two yuan, I’ll pay it back tomor-row.

              要是你能借给我两元线,我将在明天归还。

 例2:How can I pay you back for all your kindness?

         我将怎样报答你的一切好意呢?

2) pay down用现金支付,当场支付

  例如:He paid the money down and took the goods.

              他当场付了钱,并取走了货物。

3) pay for为了得到……而付钱;因……而受罚

  例1:Of course we have to pay for all we buy.

              当然我们不论买什么都得付钱。

  例2:He will have to pay for his carelessness.

              他将得为他的粗心而自食其果。

4) pay in存入;捐(钱)

  例1:I pay in five yuan each month.

              我每月把五块钱存入银入。

 例2:The contributions actually paid to date amount to more than three thousand yuan.

          到现在为止,实际收到的捐款共计三千元以上。

5) pay out 付出钱;向……报复

  例1:They have to pay out a lot on repairing that house.

              为了修理那所房子他们得付很多钱。

  例2:The man said that he would pay Bill out for his kill-ing his brother.

        那个人说他为比尔杀了他的兄弟而要向比尔报仇。

6) pay up付清(钱)

  例1:You must pay up what you owe me.

              你必须还清欠我的钱。

 例2:He asked me to pay up.    

         他要求我把钱付清。

(三)难句分析

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1. That’s because of hard work ― ten years of hard work.

  那是因为劳累――十的劳累的缘故。

【解析1】that指上文提到的“显得衰老”,指下文时一般用this。

【解析2】because of是介词,等于by reason of, on account of (因为,由于),类似的还有due to 和owing to。在该句中引导介词短语做表语。

例1:He was absent. This is because of his illness.

               他缺席了,这是因为他生病。

例2:Is it because of your failure in the exam that you are unhappy?

        你是因为考试不及格而不高兴吗?

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2. I’m sorry, but I don’t think I know you.

  很抱歉,我想我不认识你。

【解析1】I’m sorry, but… 是一个句型,用来表达适度的遗憾或道歉。翻译时but不用翻译。

       例如:―Could you please mail this letter for me?

               ―― 你能代我寄这封信吗?

                ―I’m sorry, but I’m not going to the post office.

               ――对不起,我不去邮局。

【解析2】当主句的谓语动词为think, expect, suppose, be-lieve, imagine等词的否定时,后面的宾语从句的谓语动词用肯定式。

例1:I don’t believe you are right.

         我认为你不对。

例2:I don’t suppose I can come back before nine o’clock.

         我想我九点以前是回不来了。

另外,还要注意以上这类句子反意问句的构成。当句子的主语为第一人称时,后面的问句根据从句来定,如果主句的主语为第一人称以外的人称时,则随主句而定。孙

例1:We don’t think it will rain this afternoon, will it?

         我想今天下午不会雨,是吗?

例2:He doesn’t suppose we’ll win, does he?

        他认为我们不会赢,对吗?

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3. Years of hard work, little food, only a cold room to live in and never, never a moment’s rest.

  多年劳累,食不果腹,唯有寒舍一间,得不到片刻休息。

【解析】这是一个有四个名词词组构成的省略句,这些分句是一个相对完整的语言单位,不需要增补其他句子成分。句中的to live in是不定式短语做后置定语,修饰前面的room。不定式做后置定语时与其所修饰的名字有几种关系:动宾关系、主谓关系、同位关系和偏正关系。

       例1:I have some letters to write this evening. (to write some letters 动宾关系)

               今晚我有几封信要写。

       例2:Where are the exercise-books are to be handed in主谓关系)

               要交的练习本在哪里?

       例3:We got no instructions to give up the experiment.

              (=We got no instructions that we should give up the experimet. 同位关系)

              我们没有得到放弃这个实验的指示。

       例4:She had only a cold room to live in.

               她唯有寒舍一可住。

               to live in a cold room偏正关系, in a cold room是

              live的地点状语,要注意的是in不能省。

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4. I was the only person in my office who was invited. I’ve written to accept the invitation.

  我是我们办公室里惟一被邀请的人。我已写信接受了这份邀请。

【解析1】句中的who was invited是分隔定语从句,修饰名词person,被介词短语in my office隔开了。在英语中如果一个名词带了几个定语时,常常按照定语的长短来排列顺序,一般是长的定语放在短的定语的后面。

例1:Do you remember one afternoon afternoon ten years ago when I came to your house and borrowed a neck-lace of yours?

        十年前的一个下午,我到你家借了一条项链,你还记得吗?

例2:Carl still remembers one afternoon in his first year when the professor took the students to the chem.-istry lab.

         卡尔仍然记和一年级时教授带学生们到化学实验室去的那个下午的情景。

例3:The days are gone when we suffered so much.

         我们以前受苦的日子一去不复返了。

【解析2】accept与receive是近义词,初学者容易混淆,其实区别很明显的。accept“接受”,指经过考虑,同意接受,动作者本身是主动的;而receive“收到”,指收到物品时的动作,不包含本身是否愿意接受的意思。

        例1:We can’t accept your proposal.

                 我们不能接受你们的建议。

        例2:He received a good education.

                他受过良好的教育。

        例3:He received a gift, but didn’t accept it.

                他收到了一份礼物,但没接受。

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5. And a new dress costs over four hundred francs.

  一件新的礼服要花费四百多法郎。

【解析1】句中的dress意为“礼服”,作为外出酬时穿的正式礼服。“晚礼服”是evening dress,“大礼服”是full dress。表示“服装”时是指男女服装的总称,尤指外衣,是不可数名词。用作可数名词时意为“女服(长连衣裙)”或“童装”。

        例1:At the evening party last night, Bill’s wife wore a beautiful evening dress.

                在昨晚的晚会上,比尔的妻子穿了一件很漂亮的晚礼服。

        例2:Our new English teacher doesn’t care much about dress.

                我们的新英语老师不太注意衣着。

        例3:Tom’s mother bought a blue dress last summer.

                汤姆的妈妈去年夏天买了一条蓝色的连衣裙。

【解析2】cost译作“花费”时,其主语为物,句型是sth. costs sb. some money。英语中常见的表示“花费”的词还有spend,句型是sb. spends some money on sth. (in doing sth).; pay, 句型是sb. pays some money for sth.; take (多用于“花时间”),句型是It takes sb. some time to do sth.

例1:The diamond necklace cost me 2000 dollars.

                这条钻石项链花了我2000美金。

       例2:His mother spent 200 yuan on a handbag.

               他妈妈花了200元买了一个手提包。

       例3:The family have to pay over 600 yuan for food ev-ery month.

               这一家每月得花600多元来购买食品。

       例4:It will take me about two hours to finish my math work this evening.

               今晚我得花大约两小时来完数学作业。

(四)语法精讲

情态动词(3)―must, can/could, may/might 的用法:

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1. 情态动词must的每一个用法是表示说话人主观认为“必须”帮一件重要或紧要的事。

例1:You must clean your own boots.

         你得擦你自己的靴子。

例2:I must be at the station at ten. My mother’s train will arrive.

         我得十点钟赶到车站。我妈妈乘坐的火车要到了。

例3:―Must I be at home before ten?

       ――我十点以前必须到家吗?

       ―No, you needn’t.

       ――不,没必要。

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2. 情态动词must的第二个用法是表示对目前发和的动作进行肯定推测,句型是must+v.。

   注意:变否定句或疑句句时,要将must改为can。

       例1:The light is still on. He must be at home.

                灯还亮着,他肯定在家。

       例2:Can he be in his office at the moment?

               此刻他肯定在他的办公室吗?

       例3:He can’t be at the school now. I saw him at home a moment ago.

               他现在不可能在学校。我刚刚还看见他在家呢。

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3. 情态动词must的第三个用法是表示对过去的动作进行肯定推测,句型是must have +P. P.

       注意:变否定句或疑问句时,要将must改为can。

       例1:I was told his mother was ill, so he must have gone to the hospital.

                有人告诉过我他妈病了,所以他肯定去了医院。

       例2:He couldn’t have done that because he was not there when that happened.

               那事不可能是他所为,因为事情发生时也不在现场。

       例3:―Can he have been told the bad new?

              ――肯定有人告诉过他那个坏消息吗?

              ―No. Because he looked so happy.

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4. 情态动词can可用来表示能力、可能性,惊异、不相信等;其它否定式can’t 表示“不可能”;过去式是could,表示能力、允许、可能性,还用来表示比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述意见。

       例1:You can use my mobile phone now.

                现在你可以用我的手机。

       例2:He said that I could park here.

               他说过我可以在这儿停车。

       例3:―Could I smoke here?

              ――我可以在这里抽烟吗?

                ―Yes, you can. (No, you can’t .)

              ――是的,你可以。(不,你不可以。)

       例4:Watching a football game can be exciting.

                看足球寒可能会令人激动。

       例5:You could borrow some jewelry from your friend Jenny, who is married to a rich man.

                你或许可以跟你的朋友珍妮借一些珠宝,她嫁给了一个有钱人。

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5. 情态动词may用来表示询问一件事可不可以做,或表示一件事或许会发生;过去式might表示过去可以做某事,过去或现在可能发生过的事,还可以用来表示允许现在做的事情,比较婉转客气。

       例1:Do you have a friend who might lend you some jewelry?

                你有一个可能借给你一些珠宝的朋友吗?

       例2:You may go now.

                你现在可以走了。

       例3:May/might I use your ruler?

               我可以用一下你的尺子吗?

       例4:He may/might be at home at the moment.

               他此刻可能/或许在家。

       例5:They might have arrived.

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               他们或许已经到了。
(五)交际用语
1. Where have you been all these yea

  这些年你们去哪儿了?

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2. What happened?

  发生了什么事?

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3. We did have a good time.

  我们的确玩得很开心。

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4. Excuse me. I’ve lost a case. I wonder if it’s been found.

  对不起,我掉了一个箱子。不知道是否有人找到。

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5. It seems like today is going to be just another normal day.

  好像今天又会是个普通的日子。

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6. But I don’t think you know me.

  但我认为你不认识我。

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7. I would rather not (tell you).

  我想我还是不(告诉你)

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8. Look! There’s a light on in Mr. Baker’s office.

  看!贝克先生的办公室里还亮着灯呢。

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Unit 16   Scientist at work

本单元重点单词

instructions n. 指令;指示                          safety n. 安全                        glove n. 手套

accident n. 事故                                    earring n. 耳环                        flame n. 火焰

advantage n. 优点;优势                           wheel n.  轮;方向盘                   engine n.引擎,发动机

technology n. 技术                               energy n. 能量                        nuclear n.原子

space n. 太空;空间                                   economy n.经济                       conduct n. 指导;处理;传导

lighting n. 闪电                                     realize vt. 认识;意识                   attract vt. 吸引

condenser n. 电容器;聚光器                    last vi. 持续                             frame n. 框架

enough adj. 足够的                              control n.& vt. 控制                fix v. 安装;确定

fasten vt. 扎(捆)                           charge n.& v. 负责;充电             cross n. 杂交;十字架

sharp adj. 尖锐的

本单元重点短语

in one’s opinion 在某人看来                                     a waste of … (某方面)的浪费

make use of 利用                                                              be famous for … 因……而闻名

all over 遍及                                                                     make discoveries 发现

a number of 一些                                                              a great deal of 大量;许多

fasten (tie)… to …把……扎(捆)到……上面             protect… from …保护……免受损害

take care 留神;小心                                                       stop…from doing… 阻止……不……

tear down 拆掉                                                          be in tears 含着泪花

end in 以……告终;结束                                               such as 如;例如

at least 至少;起码                                                             find out 查清楚;弄明白

go against 与……对抗                                              be made up of 由……组成.

一、精彩回放

(一)重点单词

1.instruction

【用法】n.指令;指示;说明

例1:Just click the mouse and you’ll get the instructions you need.

点击鼠标,你就会得到你所需要的指令。

例2:Give them your instructions and they’ll do the experiment well.

给他们下达您的指示吧,他们会做好这项试验的。

例3:Read the instructions before taking the medicine.

在服用此药之前,要看一看说明。

【相关链接】

1) instruct vt. 教授;指导;通知

例1:Professor Brown instructs two classes in physics.

布朗教授教两个班的物理。

例2:Who’ll instruct them to do the experiment ?

谁将指导他们做这项试验?

例3:I’ve been instructed that I have to be present at the meeting.

有人通知我,要我出席那个会议。

2) instructive adj. 有教育意义的

例如:The film is both instructive and interesting

这部电影既有教育意义,又有趣。

2. Realize

【用法一】vt. 认识;意识

例如:After talking with his father, Jack realized that playing too much computer games would do bad to his studies.

经过与父亲的谈话后,杰克认识到过量玩电脑游戏会影响他的学习。

【用法二】vt. 实现

例如:By working hard, he realized his wishes finally.

靠努力奋斗,他终于实现了自己的理想。

3attract

【用法一】vt. 吸引

例如:A magnet attracts iron.

磁石吸引铁。

【用法二】vt. 引起……注意

例如:Her beautiful dress attracted many eyes .

她好漂亮的外衣吸引了很多目光。

【相关链接】

1) attraction n. 吸引力

例1:The attraction of the moon for earth causes the tides.

月球对地球的吸引力造成了潮汐。

例2:Computer games have little attractions for my parents .

电脑游戏对我父母亲没有什么吸引力。

2) attractive adj. 诱人的;有吸引力的

例如:What an attractive price for such a nice dress !

这么好一件衣服,却标出这样诱人的低价!

4.last

【用法一】vi. 持续

例1:The meeting lasted two hours.

会议开了两个小时。

例2:The quarreling between the couple lasted quite some time.

这对夫妇吵了好一阵子。

【用法二】adj. 上一次的

例如:He went there last year

他去年就去了那里。

【用法三】 adv. 最后

例1:Whoever leaves last should turn off the lights.

谁若最后离去,应当关灯。

例2:He who laughs , laughs best.

谁笑到最后,谁笑的最好。

5.enough

【用法一】adj.足够的

例1:I have enough money to buy a new bicycle.

我有足够的钱买一辆新自行车。

例2:He has time enough to write her essay.

他有足够的时间去写他的论文。

注意:enough 作形容词时可以置于被修饰的名词前面或后面作定语。

【用法二】adv. 足够

例1:The little boy is not tall enough to reach the pear on the tree.

那个小男孩还不够高;他还摘不到树上的那个梨。

例2:The temperature is high enough to turn the ice into water.

这种温度跑以使冰融化成水。

注意:当enough 作副词修饰形容词时,它只能后置。

【用法三】n. 充分;足够

例1:Enough has been said on this subject .

关于这个问题说得已经够多了。

例2:They didn’t has enough to eat then.

那时他们常吃不饱。

6.charge

【用法一】vt. 充电

例如:The battery has to be charged again.

这个电瓶又要充电了。

【用法二】vt.要求付款(服务费用)

例如:The bicycle repairman charged me two yuan

那位修自行车的师傅让我付给他两元钱的修理费。

【用法三】vt.& vi. 突袭;猛冲

例1:Our soldiers charged the enemy at sunset .

太阳落山时,我军士兵向敌军发动了袭击。

例2:The angry man charged into the office , shouting at his boss.

那个愤怒的男子冲进办公室,冲他的老板大声吼骂起来。

【用法三】n. 负责。

例1:Who is charge of the project?

谁负责这个项目。

例2:The project is in the charge of Professor Lee.

这个项目由教授负责。

7.conduct.

【用法一】vt.指导;引导

例如:His maid conducted us to the door.

她的女仆把我们领到门口。

【用法二】vt. (电流)通过;传导

例如:Copper conducts electricity better than other materials.

铜导电较其他物质佳。

【用法三】vt.指挥;管理

例如:The orchestra is conducted by her father.

这支管乐队由她的父亲指挥。

【相关链接】

1)conduction n. (热、电、水等的)传导

例如:The conduction of the water from the river to the city is excellent.

从这条河进入那个城市的输水系统情况非常好。

2)conductor n. (火车、汽车上的)收票员

例如:“Tickets , please. Tickets,” said the conductor .

那位列车验票员说:“请把票拿出来,验票啦。”

8.cross

【用法一】n. 十字架;(给错误评定符号的)叉

例1:The American wear a cross around his neck.

那个美国人脖子上系着一个(耶稣受难)十字架。

例2:I’ve got two crosses in my maths exercise book.

我的数学练习有两道题做错了(得了两个叉)。

【用法二】n. 杂交品种

例如:Her pet cat is a cross between a white cat and a black one.

她喂的那只宠物猫是由黑、白两种颜色不同的猫产下的杂交品种。

【用法三】vt. 横过;穿越

例如:look to either end of the street before you cross it .

横过街道前,你要看看街道两端时否有车辆(通过)。

9.sharp

【用法一】adj. 敏锐的;聪慧的

例如:He had sharp eyes and was able to tell everything in politics.

他目光敏锐,政治方面洞察秋毫。

【用法二】adj. 尖锐的;锋利的。

例如:Take care ! The knife is sharp.

当心!这把刀挺锋利的.

【用法三】adv. 准点

例如:The meeting began at 8:00 sharp.

会议在八点整准时开始。

【相关链接】 sharpen vt. 使尖锐

例如:He’s sharpening his pencil.

他在削铅笔。

10.Tear

【用法一】 vi.

例如:Take care ! The cloth tears easily.

当心!这种布料很容易撕破。

【用法二】vi. 撕扯;揪(与at连用)

例如:seeing the box ,Mary tore at the paper around it, eager to see the gift in it.

一拿到那个盒子,玛丽就撕开外面的那层包装纸,急着看看盒子里装的是什么礼物。

【用法三】vt. 拆卸;拆除(与down连用)

例如:The workers are tearing down the houses to build a park

工人们正在拆除那些旧房子;建一个公园。

【用法四】vt. 撕开;撕裂。

例如:After reading the letter ,she tore it into pieces.

读完这封信,她就把它撕成了碎片。

【相关链接】 tear n. 眼泪

例如:When she heard the news,  she burst into tears.

听到那消息时,她的眼泪夺眶而出。

(二)重要词组

1. in one’s opinion

in one’s opinion 在某人看来

例如:In my opinion ,we should let the children learn to operate computers.

我认为,我们应当让孩子学会操作电脑。

2. make use of

make use of 利用

例如:We should make full (good) use of our limited time .

我们应该充分(很好地)利用我们有限的时间。

3.a number of

a number of 很多(后接可数名词)

例如:A  number of students spend too much time on computer games.

有很多学生在玩电脑游戏方面花的时间太多了。

【相关链接】

1) the number of ……的数目(谓语用单数)

例1:The number of the teachers in my school is 206.

我校教师人数是206名。

例2:What’s the number of the students in you class?

你班学生人数是多少?

例3:The number of the workers in the factory is large (small).

这家工厂的人数量真多(少)。

注意:不用many或few 与the number of 搭配。

2) number of 许多

例如:Numbers of men in the villages have gone to the front .

这些村的许多男子都上前线去了。

4.a great deal of

a great deal of 许多(后接不可数名词)

例如:He found a great deal of water over there.

他在那边发现了许多水。

【相关链接】

1) a good many 许多(后接可数名词复数)

例如:There are a good many new houses at the foot of the hill.

在那山脚下有许多新房子。

2) a lot of 许多(后接可数和不可数名词)

例1:There are a lot of mistakes in her homework

她的作业有很多错误

例2:There is a lot of water in the pail

水桶里面有许多水

5.protect…from

protect …from … 保护……免受损害

例如:In order to protect the sheep from the snowstorm, he drove them into the cave.

为了不使羊群遭到暴风雪的袭击,他把羊群赶进了洞穴。

6. go against

go against 与……相抗衡;抵触

例1:We mustn’t go against nature , or we’ll be punished by it .

我们绝不能违背大自然的规律,否则,我们将为此而遭到大自然的惩罚。

例2:In my opinion ,the school rule goes against the law.

我认为,条校规违背了法律。

7.Be made up of

be made up of 由……组成

例如:Our class committee is made up of seven students.

我们的班委会由七位学生组成。

【相关链接】

1) be made of 由……制成

例如:The toy car is made of wood.

这个玩具汽车是木头做的。

2) be made from 由……(提炼)制成

例如:The famous wine is made from rice and corn.

这种名酒是由稻谷和玉米酿制的。

3) make …into … 把……制成为……

例如:The workers are making glass into beautiful vases .

工人们把玻璃制成漂亮的花瓶。

(三)难句分析

1.I was beginning to think that the experiment would not word.

我逐渐觉得这种试验行不通。

【解析1】be beginning to +v. 表示一种程度的发展。

例如:We’re beginning to realize the importance of English.

我们开始认识到了英文的重要性。

【解析2】2work vi.有效果;起作用

例如:I’ve been taking the medicine for days, but it works little.

我已经连续几天在服用这种药,但是不甚见效。

2.Others followed even before the whole string was wet .and I was able to collect and store a great deal of electricity into the condenser.

其他风筝也发生了类似情况,甚至是在那根放飞的绳子全部湿透之前。这时,我完全可以将大量的电收集并储存到电容器里面去。

【解析】be able to +v. 表示“能够”

例如:The wounded so ldier was able to swim across the river.

那个受伤的士兵终于游过了河。

3.What works with animals often does not work with humans.

在动物身上做试验有效,用在人体时却经常无效。

【解析】这是一个由What 引导的主语从句;同时What 又作从句的主语。句谓语是does not work.

例如:What seems easy for her is usually hard for me.

一些在她看来十分容易的事情,对我来说却总是很难。

 

(四) 语法精讲

祈使句和构词法:

1.学习表示给出“指令”的方式,即“祈使句”。

例1:Add some more sugar to my milk ,please.

请再给我的牛奶加一点儿糖。

例2:Go and get today’s newspaper for me.

去帮我买一份今天的报纸。

例3:Take care! There comes the car .

当心!汽车来了。

例4:Be a good boy , Tom.

听话(乖一点儿),汤姆。

2.学习“构词法”的几种常用形式。

例1:合成形容词

warm-hearted 热心肠的

stone-hearted 铁石心肠的

Chinese-designed 中国人设计的

Radio-equipped 装有无线电设备的

Poorly-dressed 衣衫褴褛的

Air-conditioned 有空调设备的

Peace-loving 爱好和平的

例2:合成名词

crossroad 十字路口                       someone 某人

handbag 手提包                                   lookout 留意

takeoff 起飞                                         sightseeing 游览观光

by-product 副产品                               get-together 联欢会

sun-bathing 日光浴                       sleeping-pill 安眠药

例3:合成谓语

whitewash 粉刷

blacklist 列入黑名单

sleepwalk 梦游

例4:合成副词

warm-heartedly 热心地                        forever 永远地

however 但是                                       moreover 而且

whole-heartedly 全心全意地

 

(五)交际用语

1.Well , in my opinion ,it is a waste of money.

我认为这里浪费钱。

2.Flying is just as fast.

乘飞机只是会快一些。

3.It is good for the economy.

这对经济发展有利。

4.Add a tail to the frame and tie a long string to the cross so you can control the kite.

给这个(风筝)框架上一个尾巴,然后在这个框架上的交叉处系上一根细长的绳子,

这样你就可以控制这个风筝了。

Unit 17  Famous women

本单元重点单词

inspire  vt. 激励                           explain  v. 解释                            admire v. 羡慕

smart   adj. 机灵的;时髦的     cheerful  adj. 高兴的                   general adj. 大致的;总的

hard-working adj.      努力的      weak adj. 软弱的;不强壮的    stupid adj. 愚蠢的

dishonest  adj. 不诚实的             mean v.&n. 意味着;方式           tense  v 紧张

miserable adj. 可怕的                    singer n. 歌手                          actress n. 女演员

champion n. 冠军                           alone  adj. 单独的                 penguin n. 企鹅

Antarctica n. 南极洲                     challenge n. 挑战                           increase v. 增长

Howling adj. 极端的;嚎叫的     optimistic adj. 乐观主义的           climate n. 气候

experience n. 经验;经历             individual adj. 一个人的        bother v. 麻烦

literature n. 文学                        skip v. 跳跃                             discipline n. 纪律

career n. 履历;生涯

本单元重点短语

in high position 地位很高          the South Pole南极                               the North Pole北极

polar bear北极熊                            at the opposite end of 在……对面          pull one’s sled 拉雪橇

be about do (do ) 正要(做)  be just around the corner 就在附近,即将来临  fall into 掉人

in good health 健康状况良好       stand on one’s left leg 用左腿独立站好     solo travel独自旅行

blow away 吹跑;刮走          knock sb. over. 把某人撞倒                      refer to 所指;参考

rise to fame 名声大振                   the host of a talk show脱口秀主持人   so far 到目前为止

in history 在历史上                fight for chances 设法寻找机会              best of luck to you 祝你好运

without a strong plan 没有详细的计划always be the very best 总是做到最好share with与……分享

一、精彩回放

(一)重点单词

1.inspire

【用法】vt. 激励;鼓励

例如: His deeds greatly inspired his schoolmates

他的行为极大地激励了他的同学。

【相关链接】

1)inspiring adj. 激励人心的

例如:The speaker’s words were inspiring.

演讲者的话很具有感召力。

2)inspired. adj. 受到鼓舞的

例如:The inspired soldiers threw their caps into the air,

shouting,“Long live the Public!”

受到鼓舞的士兵将帽子抛向空中,大声喊着:“共和国万岁!”

3)inspiration n. 激励的人的人或事物

例1:My father is always an inspiration to me

父亲对我来说总是一个鼓励者

例2:The motto is an inspiration to many of us.

这个“座右铭”对于我们许多人来说是一种激励。

2. mean

【用法一】adj. 地位卑下的;出身微贱的

例如:All the maids were mean in Dreams of the Red Chamber

《红楼梦》中所有的丫环都是地位卑微的人

【用法二】adj. 吝啬的

例如:Her husband is rather mean over money.

她的丈夫对钱相当吝啬。

【用法三】adj. 破烂不堪的

例如:They used to live in mean house in a mean street.

他们以前住在一条鄙陋街道上的一幢破烂不堪的房子里。

3. tense

【用法】adj.紧张的

例1:Her legs felt tense after running.

跑步后,她感到双腿肌肉紧张。

例2:He looks tense with anxiety.

他因焦虑而显得紧张。

例3:The situation became tense suddenly.

形势一下子变得紧张起来了。

【相关链接】

nervous adj.紧张的(只指人的精神状态)

例如:She felt nervous when asked about that.

当被问到那件事时,她紧张起来了。

4. increase

【用法一】vt. & vi.增长

例1:Her absence increased our difficulty in doing the experiment.

她的缺席增加了我们做这次试验的难度。

例2:The number of the students in my class has increased to 58.

我班学生人数已经增长到了58位。

【用法二】n./’inkri:s /增多;增加

例1:The population increase makes the government feel hard.

人口的增长让政府甚感棘手。

例2:We have got a steady increase in production.

我们的生产在稳步增长。

【相关链接】

increasing adj. 不断增长的

例1:The increasing traffic problems are troubling the city people.

不断增长的交通问题一直在困扰着市民。

例2:The shopkeeper feels happy at the increasing income.

对于日益增多的收益,店老板乐开了花。

5.threaten

【用法一】vt.威胁;恐吓

例1:The boss threatened to dismiss Lucy if she didn’t obey him.

老板威胁露西,如果她不服从,就要开除她。

例2:The secretary received a letter threatening to murder the manager.

秘书收到一封信,信中扬言要谋杀经理。

【用法二】vt.& vi.预示;将要发生

例1:The gathering black clouds are threatening a storm.

天空中乌云密布,这预示着风暴要来了。

例2:Knowing that a folld threatens, all the villagers are trying hard to get everything ready.

知道一场洪水将要来临,所有的村民都在努力做好一切准备。

【相关链接】

1)threat n. 恐吓;威胁

例如:I’m not afraid of their threat.

我不惧怕他们的恐吓。

2)threat n.恶兆

例如:There was a threat of rain in the dark sky.

乌云密布的天空有下雨之兆。

6.support

【用法一】vt.支持

例如:We firmly support their struggle for human rights.

我们坚决支持他们为人权而进行的斗争。

【用法二】vt.支撑

例1:Whales have no strong bones to suport their heavy bodies on land.

鲸没有结实的骨骼在陆地上支撑其沉重的身体。

例2:The hall is supported by six large columns.

这个大厅由六根大圆柱支撑着。

【用法三】vt.养活

例如:He has a large family to support.

他要养活一家子人。

【用法四】n.支持

例如:I hope to have your support in the election.

我希望在这次选举中得到你的支持。

7.affect

【用法一】vt.影响

例1:Parents’ words and deeds affect their children a lot.

父母亲的言行对小孩的影响极大。

例2:Some plants are quickly affected by cold.

有些植物很快就受到了寒冷气候的影响。

【用法二】vt.感动;打动

例如:The students were much affected by her story.

同学们被她的事迹深深地感动了。

【用法三】vt.(疾病)感染

例如:His wound was affected badly.

他的伤口受到严重的感染。

(二)重要词组

1.lie down

lie down躺下

例如:Having done all the housework, she lay down in bed.

做完所有的家务后,她躺在床上休息了。

注意:课文中的On November 12 the storm lay down.(十一月十二日风暴停下来了。)这个句子中的lay down是引申意义。

2.make a decision

make a decision 做出决定

例1:Finally he made a decision that he would give up the plan.

他终于做出决定要放弃计划。

例2:Children should be encouraged to make their own decisions.

应当鼓励孩子自己去做出决定。

3.go down

go down(太阳)落山

例如:When the sun is going down, the whole farm looks more beautiful.

当太阳落山时,整个农场看起来更美了。

【相关链接】

1)go down(价格)跌落

例如:The price of beef has gone down finally.

牛肉的价格终于下降了。

2)go down(指海洋、风暴)平衡;平息

例如:The rough sea finally went down.

波涛汹涌的海面总算平静下来了。

3)go down 受欢迎

例如:The film HERO went down well.

《英雄》这部影片很受观众欢迎。

4.refer to

refer to所指;谈及;提及

例1:I was not referring to her when I said so.

当我那么说时,我并不是指她。

例2:The boy you referred to is my seatmate.

你刚才谈到的那个男生是我的同桌。

【相关链接】

1)refer to 参考;咨询

例如:While he was writing the essay, he referred to some other books.

在写那篇论文时,他参考了其他一些书籍。

2)refer … to 把……归于

例如:He referred his success to his trainer.

他认为自己的成功应归功于自己的教练。

3)refer … to 将……提交

例如:The dispute was referred to the United Nations.

该项争议已提交联合国处理。

(三)难句分析

1.But changes were just around the corner.

但是情况可能随时发生变化。

【解析】be around the corner 在这里是一种习惯用法,表示“即将来临”。

例如:Our final test is around the corner.

我们的期末测试即将来临。

比较:The post office is just around the corner.

邮局就在转角处。

2.…and I found myself spending a whole day in my tent.

……我发觉我已经在帐篷里呆了一整天了。

【解析】find oneself经常表示一种“(无意间)意识、发现……”

例如:After walking in the dark for about an hour,we found ourselves right at the foot of the same mountain.

在黑暗中走了约一个小时后,突然间我们发现自己又来到了同一座山的山脚下。

3.A few days later, I was moving forward over a slope that seemed safe when suddenly without warning my world dropped out from under my skis.

几天后,我正缓慢地翻越一个看来似乎安全的陡坡时,忽然间,我一下子从滑雪板上掉落下去了。

【解析1】was moving … when … dropped out … 若主句是过去进行时,而从句(由when引导)是一般过去时,这个从句动作表示一种“很突然”、“未曾预料”的含义。

例如:We were having a meeting when the power went out.

我们正在开会,突然停电了。

【解析2】move over a slope 翻过一处斜坡。

Over prep.翻越;跃过

例如:The athlete sprang over all the fences neatly.

那个运动员非常利落地跨过了所有的栏。

【解析3】without warning my world在毫无预防的情况下

【解析4】from under …从……下方,介词from常可与其他介词连用。

例如:Soon the moon came out from behind the clouds.

不一会儿月亮又从云层后面露出了脸儿。

4.She has helped thousands of men and women come to terms with things that bother and that they could not talk about with others.

她帮助了数以千计的人们妥善地处理好那些困扰他们的琐碎的事情,而这又都是一些令他们无法与他人启齿交谈的事。

【解析】come to terms with …与……和好;句中that bother them与后面的and that they … 是两个定语从句,分别修饰things。

5.Being black and a woman made life even more difficult in America at that time.

身为黑人,尤其是女人,在那个时期的美国,她的生活更艰难。

【解析】Being black and a woman是动名词作主语。

例如:Being a League member, you should set a good example to others.

作为一名共青团员,你应当给他人树立一个好榜样。(此处Being …为状语,现在分词)

(四)语法精讲

主语和谓语的一致:

1.谓语动词在数上必须与主语保持一致。

例1:The answer to this question is very simple.

这个问题的答案十分简单。

例2:The details of this story are easy for you to remember.

这个故事的细节你很容易记。

例3:Such was Einstein, the great scientist.

伟大的科学家爱因斯坦就是如此。

例4:Suc are my parents, kind and strict.

这就是我的父母亲,既慈祥又严格。

例5:Between the two countries lie five big lakes.

两国之间有五个大湖。

例6:Around the corner came a car.

一辆汽车从拐角处开了过来。

2.当主语表达一个抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数表示。

例1:To answer such a question is really difficult.

回答这样一个问题真难。

例2:Playing basketball is good for your health.

打篮球对你的健康有益。

例3:That our teacher is going to leave us makes us disappointed.

我们的老师要离开我们,这使我们很失望。

3.当两个或多个名词用and并列连接的时候,谓语动词一段要用复数形式。

例1:A pen and a pencil are in my pencil-box.

我的文具盒里有一支钢笔和一支铅笔。

例2:To increase the production and to reduce the cost are very important to us.

增产节支对我们十分重要。

但如果两个或几个名词指的是同一事物或人时,谓语动词用单数形式。

例1:The teacher and writer is respected by all the people.

那位既是教师又是作家的人受到大家的尊敬。

例2:Ploughing the field and sowing seeds is the first thing we should do right now.

耕地播种是我们现在该做的头一件事。

4.如果主语是单数,后面跟有as well as, with, like, except, but, besides等引起的短语时,谓语动词仍然用单数形式;也就是说,介词短语不能被看作主语的一部分。

例1:Everyone except Micky is in the classroom.

除了米奇以外,其他人都在教室里。

例2:Frank as well as Green and Sandy has been to Beijing.

弗兰克、格林和桑迪都到过北京。

例3:Ann with her son and her daughter was in New York last Christmas.

去年圣诞节安和她的女儿在纽约。

例4:French besides English and German is taught in our school.

除了英语和德语外,我们学校也开设法语课程。

例5:Charlie, like all his friends, is fond of music.

查理和他所有的朋友一样,喜欢音乐。

5.each和由some, any, no, every构成的合成词,都作单数看待。

例1:Each of them has got a PC.

他们每人都有一台个人电脑。

例2:Someone is calling for you on the phone.

有人打电话找你。

例3:Nothing is to be done.

什么也没法做。

6.what,who,which,any,more,most,all等代词可以是单数,也可以是复数,由语义决定。

例1:Which is your book? 哪本是你们的书?

例2:Which are your books? 哪些是你的书?

例3:Here is some more paper.这里还有一些纸。

例4:Here are some more pens.这里还有一些笔。

例5:Are any of you doctors? 你们中有人是医生吗?

例6:Is any of you from Shenzhen?

你们中有人来自深圳吗?

例7:Those who are against the plan can leave.

反对这项计划的人可以离开。

例8:Anyone who is interested in it can go with us.

对这事感兴趣的人可以跟我们去。

7.none可作复数看待,也可作单数看待;但作复数看待时多,主要看说话人的看法。另外,none of后面若接不可数名词,只能视为单数。

例1:She looked for some cake, but there was none left.

她找些蛋糕,但蛋糕一点也没剩下。

例2:None of this money is mine.

这笔钱没有一点是我的。

例3:None of them have come back yet.

他们中谁也没来。

例4:They say they like it, but none of them has gone to the cinema.

他们都说喜欢这电影,但谁也没去看。

8.neither和either作主语时,通常作单数看待。

例1:Neither of them was from Australia.

他们俩都不是来自澳大利亚。

例2:Either of the boys likes singing.

这两个男孩都喜欢唱歌。

9.people(人们),police(警察),cattle(牛群),crowd(人群)等词是集体名词,一般为复数概念。

例1:The eattle have eaten up all the grass here and have to move to another place.

牛群吃光了这里所有的草,不得不迁移他处了。

例2:The police keep the city in good order.

警察维护了这座城市的良好秩序。

例3:People in this village are living a rich life.

这个村子里的人生活很富裕。

10.class,family,school等词可以被看作复数概念,也可以被看作单数概念,取决于说话人的语义。

例1:Our class is Class 3.

我们班是第三班。(单数)

例2:Our class are playing on the playground.

我们班全体同学都在操场上玩。(复数)

例3:His family is a very big one.

他的家庭是个大家庭。(单数)

例4:The family are at table now.

这家人正在吃饭。(复数)

11.表示时间、重量、距离、长度、价值等的名词尽管是复数名词,但如果用于表达一个整体概念,应作为单数看待。

例1:Three thousand kilometers is a long distance.

3000公里是段很长的距离。

例2:Two months is long enough.

两个月的时间够长了。

例3:Thirty tons of steel has been shipped to their factory.

30吨钢材已经运到了他们工厂。

12.以下是几种谓语动词与邻近主语一致的情况。

1)由neither … nor …或either … or …连接两个主语时,谓语动词与跟它最邻近的主语一致。

例如:Neither you nor your brother has been there.

你和你弟弟都没去过那里。

Is either Tom or his brothers to answer for this?

汤姆或是他的兄弟们要对这事负责吗?

2)句子由there, here和where引起,而主语不止一个时,谓语也通常跟它与最邻近的主语一致。

例如:There is a book and two letters in the bag.

包里有一本书和两封信。

Here comes an old lady and two girls.

走过来了一位老太太和两位姑娘。

Where is your wife and children when you stay here?

你在这里时,你的太太和孩子们在哪儿?但有时情况也有例外,例如:

There are one or two cases like that.

有一两个这类情况。

Here are my passport and papers.

这里是我的护照和文件。

13.如果主语由“the+形容词”担任时,根据意义一致的原则确定谓语动词的单复数。

例1:In our country, the old are taken good care of.

在我们国家,老人们都得到很好的照顾。(复数:所有老人)

例2:After the battle, the wounded were taken to a hospital.

战斗结束后,伤员被送到了医院。(复数:所有伤员)

例3:The older of the two is Simon’s uncle.

两人中年纪较大些的那一位是西蒙的叔叔。(单数:两人中的一个)

例4:The dead, who was a stranger, was buried yesterday.

死者是位陌生人,昨天被安葬了。(单数)

14.如果主语由this(a)kind of, this(a)sort of, this(a)type of后接名词构成时,谓语动词用单数。

例1:A kind of new dictionary is on sale in our boo-kstore.

我们书店正在出售一种新词典。

例2:This sort of apples tastes sweet.

这种苹果很甜。

例3:This type of cars is produced in our factory.

这种型号的汽车是我们工厂生产的。

15.如果主语由these kinds of等后接复数名词构成时,谓语动词用复数。

例如:These kinds of tests are good.

这种测试有好处。

(五)交际用语

1.――Is she Chinese?

――她是中国人吗?

――Yes, she is.

――是的,她是。

2.――Is she a famous singer?

――她是一位名歌手吗?

――不,她不是。

3.――What is everybody doing here?

――你们大家在这里干什么呀?

――We’re preparing for a party.

4.――Will anybody be free tomorrow?

――谁明天会得空闲吗?

――yes, if I finish the work today.

――如果我今天做完了这活儿,我明天就空闲了。

 

Unit 18   New Zealand

本单元重点单词

description  n. 描述                            region  n. 地区                             surround  v. 环绕

climate  n. 气候                                   subtropical  n. 亚热带                  volcano  n. 火山

narrow  adj. 狭窄的                            sign  v.  &  n. 签字;迹象              celebrate  v. 庆祝

temperature  n. 温度                           symbol  n. 象征                                   desert  n. 沙漠

quality  n. 质量

本单元重点短语

lie to 位于……                              be made up of 由……组成                  be surrounded by 被……环绕

be famous for 因……闻名                   such as 例如                                          take possession of 拥有……

refer to 参考;所指                      in relation to 与……有关                     be marked with 标有……记号

compare…to…把……比作                  stand for 代表                                make up 占据空间

plenty of 大量;许多                           be native to 原产于……               be careful in (在某方面)仔细

prepare for … 为……作准备

一、精彩回放

重点单词

1water

【用法一】n. [U]水

       例如:Canada has one third of the world's supply of fresh water.

          加拿大拥有世界淡水供应量的三分之一。

【用法二】n. (常用复数)大片的水,(江、湖、池、海等)水体,水域

       例如:the waters of the lake 湖中的水

             the upper waters of the Yangtze 长江上游

【用法三】v. 使湿,在……上洒/浇水,灌溉

       例如:Dry lands have been watered.

             干燥的土地已经得到灌溉。

【用法四】adj. 水的,用水的,水生的。

       例如:water sports 水上运动

             water plants 水生植物

2lie

【用法一】vi. 平躺(不规则动词,其过去式、过去分词为lay,lain)

       例如:lie on one's back/side仰/侧卧

【用法二】v. 展现,伸展

       例如:A bright future lies ahead.

             前途是光明的。

【用法三】v. 位于

       例1:London lies on the River Thames.

            伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。

       例2:There lies a temple at the foot of the mountain.

         山脚下有一座庙。

【用法四】v. & n. 说谎(规则动词)

       例1:You are lying to him!

               你在对他说谎!

       例2:They said she told lies to everyone.

         他们说她对任何人都说谎。

【相关链接】

1)lie down 躺下

       例如:Go and lie down for a while.

                去躺一会儿。

2)lie in 在于

       例如:The answer lies in two facts.

             答案在于两个事实。

3)lie on 依赖,压迫,取决于

       例如:It lies on us to accomplish the task.

             完成这项任务是我们的责任。

4)lie up 卧床休息

       例如:You'd better lie up for a few more days.

          你最好再多休息几天。

5)lie有时后面跟形容词,表示所处状态。

       例如:The book lay open on the table.

                那本书打开着,放在桌子上。

【相关链接2

1)lay  v. (laid,laid)放、搁;产卵、下蛋

   例1:He laid the book on the table and left.

        他把书放在桌上就走了。

   例2:The hens lay ten eggs every day.

              这些母鸡每天下十个蛋。

2)liar  n. 撒谎者

   例如:A liar is not believed when he tells the truth.

               说惯假话的人说真话时也没有人会相信。

3run

【用法一】v. 跑,奔,逃跑

       例1:I ran as quickly as I could.

                我拼命地跑。

       例2:The enemy ran away. 敌人逃走了。

       例3:We ran to his aid. 我们跑去帮他。

【用法二】v. 竞赛,竞选

       例1:run for Congress 参加国会议员竞选

       例2:run for mayor 竞选市长

【用法三】v. (机器)运转

       例如:The engine runs perfectly well.

                这台发动机运转十分良好。

【用法四】v. 流淌,滴

       例1:The river runs thick.

             水流浑浊。

       例2:The child's nose is running.

                孩子在流鼻涕。

【用法五】v. 变得

       例如:The little pond has run dry.

                那个小池塘已经干涸。

【用法六】v. (车辆)行驶

       例1:The buses run until twelve.

                公共汽车12点收班。

       例2:Are there any trains running to Sichuan from here?

         从这里到四川有火车吗?

【用法七】v. (道路)延伸,延续

       例如:The street runs from south to north.

                这条街是南北向的。

【用法八】v. 经营,管理

       例如:They run most of the stores here.

             他们管理着这里的大部分商店。

【用法九】v. (颜色)褪色

       例如:When I washed the blouse, the color ran.

                我洗这件衬衫,褪了色。

【相关链接1

1)run after 追逐,追求

   例如:If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.

            不能脚踏两只船。

2)run away from 从……跑掉;逃避

   例如:He ran away from school. 他逃学了。

3)run out (某物)被用完

   例如:We decided it would be best to go home before our money ran out.

         我们认为最好在把钱用完之前回家。

4)run out of 用完(某物)

   例如:We ran out of coal, and had to burn wood.

         我们用完了煤,只好烧木柴。

5)run into 无意间碰到,和……相撞

   例如:I ran into him now and then.

         我不时碰见他。

【相关链接2】

runner 赛跑的人           runway跑道

4some

【用法一】adj. 一些,若干,几个(可以修饰可数名词和不可数名词)

       例1:Please bring some coffee without sugar.

         请来点儿不加糖的咖啡。

       例2:Ask some boys to help you.

         叫几个男孩帮帮你。

【用法二】adj. (修饰单数名词)某个(人或物)= a certain

       例1:There must be some mistake.

          准是出了什么差错。

       例2:I suggested to Red that we should go to some hotel.

          我向瑞得建议我们该去找个旅店。

【用法三】pron. 一些

       例如:Some of the trees can be cut each year for firewood.

          一些树每年可以被砍作柴火。

【用法四】adv. 大约,与about同义

       例如:It happened some thirty years ago.

          这件事大约发生在三十年前。

【相关链接1

some more 再来一点,更多

【相关链接2

somebody/someone 某人,有人

something 某事,某物

sometimes 有时

somewhere 在某处

5surprising

【用法】adj. 令人惊奇的

       例1:What you have just told me is very surprising.

          你刚才告诉我的事真让人吃惊。

       例2:Is there anything surprising about it? I don't think so.

          有关这事有什么让人吃惊的?我认为没有。

【相关链接】

surprising和surprised的区别:surprising和surprised都是由surprise派生来的形容词,但surprised是“吃惊的”,“感到惊奇的”。

       例如:He didn't notice the surprised look on her face.

          他没有注意到她脸上吃惊的表情。

6shock

【用法一】v. 使震惊

       例如:He was shocked at her smoking. = Her smoking shocked him.

          她抽烟使他震惊。

【用法二】v. 使触电

       例如:He got shocked when he touched the wire.

          他一摸电线就触电了。

【用法三】n. [C]震动,冲击

       例1:Three shocks of the earthquakes were felt last night.

          昨晚感觉到三次地震。

       例2:The news was a great shock to Marie.

          那个消息给了玛丽很大的震撼。

【相关链接】

shocking  adj. 令人震惊的

7majority

【用法】n. 大多数(常和the连用)

       例如:The majority of people in the town want to encourage new industry in the areA.

          城里的大多数人想在该地区鼓励新工业的发展。

注意:majority 作主语时,谓语动词可以是单数,也可以是复数,其反义词是minority。

8share

【用法一】v. 合用,分享

       例1:We share a small room between us.

          我们俩共用一个小房间。

       例2:She never shared any of her husband's worries.

          她从不分担丈夫的任何忧愁。

【用法二】v. 分配,均分

       例3:Mother is sharing the cakes to make sure that every boy gets some.

          母亲正在分蛋糕,确保每个男孩都吃到一些。

【用法二】n. 分得的一份,应承受的一份

       例1:You have had more than your share of this apple-pie.

          你吃的苹果派比你应得的分量多。

       例2:You must take your share of the blame.

          你必须接受批评。

【相关链接】

take one's share 尽自己的一份责任

9ship

【用法一】n. 大船

       例如:They are making a ship.

         


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