题目列表(包括答案和解析)
1.定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中起定语的作用,修饰一个名词或代词,有时还可以修饰整个主句。被修饰的词叫做先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词所代替的先行词是代表人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
(1)who, whom, that代替的先行词是指人的名词或代词:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
(2) whose 既可以指人又可以指物,只用作定语;若指物,它还可以同of which互换。
例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那个人的汽车坏了,他们都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is red.
请递给我那本红皮的书。
(3)which, that 所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,
例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package (which / that) you are carrying is very heavy. 你拿的包很重。(which / that在句中作宾语)
(一)现在进行时的用法小结:
1.现在进行时的基本用法:
(1)表示说话人说话时 正在发生的事情。
We are waiting for you.
我们正在等你。
(2)表示习惯性的进行,即表示长期的或重复性的动作,说话时动作未必正在进行。
Mr. White is writing his new book.
怀特先生正在写他的新书。(说话时并未在写,只处于写作的状态。)
(3)表示动作的渐变。常可以用此用法的动词有:get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。
The leaves are turning green. 树叶正在变成绿色。
(4)现在进行时 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用,表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态,往往带有说话人的主观色彩。
You are always changing your mind.
你总是变来变去的(拿不定主意)。
He is always bothering me. 他老是打扰我。
(5)某些动词的现在进行时形式可以用来表示将来,意思是:"意图"、"打算"、"安排"、常用来指人。常用词为 come, go, start, arrive, leave, stay等。
They are starting to learn English tomorrow.
他们明天将开始学习英语。
(一)定语从句复习 第一部分:
4.It didn’t take long before the wooden building was swallowed by the fire.
此句中的before意思是“不久以后就…”;如果用肯定句,before的意思就会有大的变化。
例如:
It will take long before we can get the key.
我们还要过很久才能拿到钥匙。(before的意思是“要多长时间以后才…”)
3.Before she could move, she heard a loud noise, which grew to a terrible roar.
此句中的before意思是“还没有来得及…就…”,要注意before的中文翻译。
再如:
Before I could get up from my bed, the general gave me a telephone call and told me to start at once.
2.Is anybody seeing you off?
这是一个现在进行时态表示将来的句型。值得注意的是并非所有动词都可以用此结构,常用此结构的动词有:come, go , leave, start, return, see, stay等等。
1.Where would you prefer going?
I would prefer to do something.
I prefer to do something rather than do something.
这是动词prefer的几个常用结构,在使用时要把每一个搭配分清楚。
2.take place, happen 与break out的区别:
这三个词都是“发生”的意思,而且都没有被动语态。
(1)happen表示“(偶然)发生”,或者“碰巧做某事”,强调事情的偶然性。
例如:
That accident happened at the corner.
那场事故发生在拐角处。
I happened to meet him in the street.?
=It happened that I met him in the street.
我偶然在街上遇到他。
(2)take place指“发生”,可以是有计划地安排,也可以是无计划或者安排。例如:
When will the ceremony take place? 仪式什么时候举行?
A strong earthquake took place. 一场强烈地震发生了
(3)break out指“(火灾、战争等)突然发生、爆发”。例如:
The war broke out between the north and the south. 南北战争爆发了。
Fire broke out in the neighborhood last night.
昨晚附近发生了火灾。
1.one 、the one 、that 、it的区别:
(1)one用来代替前面提到的名词,既可以指人由可以指物。用于泛指,相当于a/an+名词,复数形式为ones。
例如:
I am looking for a house and I like one with a garden.
我正在找房子,我喜欢一幢带有花园的房子。
I can’t find my hat. I think I must buy one.
我的帽子找不到了。我想我必须再买一顶了。
There is a young man and some old ones in the house.
这座房子里有一个年轻人和几个老人。
(2)the one:用来代替同类事物中特指的另一个。例如:
I like the recorder better than the one I bought last year.
与去年我买的那个录音机相比,我更喜欢这一个。(这时,the one 和that可以互换)
(3)that表示与前面所指的名词为同类,但不是同一个;而it所指的名词为同一个。That既可以代替可数名词,也可以代替不可数名词。例如:
The population of China is larger than that of any other country in the world.
中国的人口比世界上任何国家的都要多。
I have a very good TV set. It is very large and beautiful.
3.The population in and around San Francisco is now ten times more than it was in 1906.
英语中表示倍数的三种常用表达方式:
(1)A is three(four, etc.) times bigger(higher, longer, wider, etc.) than B. 意思是:A比B 大(高、长、宽等)三(四…)倍。例如:
Their classroom is three times bigger than ours.
他们的课室比我们的大三倍(是我们课室的四倍)。
The Pearl River is five times longer than this one.
珠江比这条河长五倍(是这条河的六倍)。
(2)A is three(four, etc.) times as big(high, long, wide, etc.) as B. 意思是“A的大小(高度,长度,宽度等)是B的三(四)倍”。例如:
Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲的面积是欧洲的四倍。
He is twice as tall as an ordinary man.
他的高度是一个普通人的两倍。
(3)A is three(four, etc) times the size(height, length, width, etc.) of B. 意思是“A的大小(高度、长度、宽度等是B的三(四)倍”。例如:
The new building is four times the size of the old one.
这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大。
This tree is twice the height of that one. 这棵树是那棵树的两倍。
2.consider的用法小结:
(1)consider可以表示“考虑;思考”的意思。后面可以接名词或者动词的-ing形式。例如:
I am considering going abroad. 我正在考虑出国。
The court would not even consider his claim for the old man's legacy.
法庭根本不会考虑他所提出的对老人遗产的要求。
(2)consider还可以表示“认为;以为”的意思,常用于以下结构:
consider somebody / something to be / to have done …
consider + n. + adj.
consider + it + adj. / n. (+ to do / that clause)
consider + that clause
I consider it a great honor. 我认为这是极大的荣幸。
We consider that the driver is not to blame. 我们认为这不是司机的过错。
He is considered to have broken the window. 有人认为是他打碎了窗子。
We all consider him loyal to friends. 我们都认为他对朋友忠诚。
I don’t consider that it will turn out fine this afternoon.
我认为今天下午天不会转晴。
(3)习惯用法:
all things considered: 全面地考虑。在句中作状语,用于概括或者总结。
All things considered, our old car is no good, so we should buy a new one now.
总的来说,我们的旧车已经没有用了,我们现在应该买辆新的。
(4)considering:表示“鉴于,考虑到,顾及”的意思。例如:
Considering how sick he is, he should go to see the doctor.
鉴于他病得那样厉害,他应该去看医生。
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