4. fortune n. 机会；运气

make a fortune 发财致富 / push one's fortune 追求名利，努力抬高自己的地位；力图发迹 / run a fortune 冒风险 / seek one's fortune 寻求出路，力图发迹 / try one's fortune 碰运气　 He made a considerable fortune selling waste materials. 他靠卖废料发了大财。/ Fortune favours the brave.

[考点9]hand的用法

▲构词：

① handshake n. [C] 握手 ② handstand n. [C]手倒立

③ handtruck n. [C]手推车

④ handwriting n. [U]笔迹，书法

⑤ handful n. [C] (一)把；少数。少量

⑥ handkerchief n. [C]手帕

⑦ handbag n. [C]女用皮包，手提包

▲ 搭配：

① hold out one's hand 伸出手

② hold one's hand 握着某人的手

③ reach (out) for...= reach (out) one's hand for...伸手够……

④ raise one's hand(s) = put up one's hand(s)举手

⑤ hand down 把……传下去／发下去

⑥ hand in 上交；递交；提交

⑦ hand out 分发；发放；散发

⑧ hand (over) to... 移交给……，拿给(另一个)

⑨ go hand in hand with 与……齐头并进

⑩ by hand 手工；用手(区别于用机器等)

⑪ hand in hand 并进；联合；手拉手；紧密合作

⑫ from hand to hand 从一人之手转到他人之手

⑬ at hand 在手边；即将到来；即将来临；在近处

⑭ a green hand 生手；没有经验的人

⑮ a handful of 少量的；一把；很少的

⑯ be short of hands 缺人手

⑰ give / lend sb a hand (with sth) (在某方面)帮某人一下忙

⑱ shake hands with sb = shake one's hand = shake sb by the hand与某人握手

⑲ catch / take sb by the hand = catch / take one's hand抓住／拉着某人的手

⑳ Hands up! 举起手来!(命令)

比较：Hands off! 请勿动手!(不要用手摸!)

▲ 句型：

① hand sb. sth = hand sth (on) to sb = hand (on) sth to sb 把……交给……

② on the one hand..., on the other hand 一方面…，(但)另一方面… (可连用，也可单独使用) (第一个the和第二个hand可以省略)

③ have a hand in (doing) sth 参与；插手；对(干)某事负部分责任

[考例9](2004福建)It's certain that he will ____ his business to his son when he gets old.

A. take over　 B. think over　 C. hand over　 D. go over

[考查目标]考查 hand over 的意思。

[答案与解析]C　 hand over...to sb 把……移交给某人。

[考点6]hope 的用法

▲构词：

① hopeful adj. 有希望的；有前途的

② hopefully adv. 有希望地

③ hopeless adj. 没有希望的；不可救药的

▲搭配：

① in the hope of = in hopes of = hoping 怀着……的希望　 ② hope for sth 希望……；期待……

▲句型：

① hope to do sth (既表示愿望又表示对此很有把握)希望……

② hope that clause 希望……；预祝……

③ (be) in the hope / hopes of doing sth 希望……

④ (be)in the hope / hopes that clause 希望……

⑤ express the / one's hope to do sth 希望……

⑥ express the / one's hope that clause 希望……

⑦ It is hoped that... = Hopefully...人们希望……

⑧ I hope so. 我希望如此。 I hope not. 我希望没有。(我希望不。)

⑨ had hoped to do sth 或had hoped that sb would do sth 表示“本希望(本想)，但未实现”

⑩ There is little / no / not much hope of (doing) sth 干某事的希望不大

⑪I s there little / no / not much hope that...? 没有干某事的希望 / 可能吗?

⑫ Is there any hope of doing sth? Is there any hope that…? 有十某事的希望吗?

▲辨析：desire；expect；hope；want：wish (见本讲考点10)

▲友情提示：千万不可使用hope sb to do sth 结构。

[考例6](2004江苏)

-- You haven't lost the ticket, have you?

-- ____. I know it's not easy to get another one at the moment.

A. I hope not　　 B. Yes, I have

C. I hope so　　 D. Yes, I'm afraid so

[考查目标]考查语境中的交际用语。

[答案与解析]A　 根据上下文的语境可以得出答案。

3. envy嫉妒；羡慕

(1) vt. Better be envied than pitied. 宁可让人妒忌，不要让人怜悯。/ I envy him his success. 我很羡慕(嫉妒)他的成功。

(2) n. They only say such unkind things about you out of

envy. 他们纯粹出于忌妒才说你这些坏话。/ He was filled with envy at my success. 他十分羡慕(嫉妒)我的成功。

▲搭配：

① feel envy at... 对……感到嫉妒

② out of envy 出于嫉妒／羡慕

③ envy sb 嫉妒／羡慕某人

④ envy sb sth = envy one's sth 嫉妒／羡慕某人某事

I don't envy you your journey in this bad weather. 我并不羡慕你在这种坏天气去旅行。

[考例1]I bought a new type of cellphone, which was the ____ of all my classmates.

A. admire　　 B. wish　　 C. respect　　 D. envy

[考查目标] 考查词语在具体语境中的用法。

[答案与解析]D ...is the envy of sb. 意为“……是某人所羡慕的”。

[考点lO]expect 的用法

▲构词：

① expectation n. [C；U] 预料；预期；期待；期望；盼望　 ② unexpected adj. 未预料到的

▲句型：

① expect that clause 以为；认为；期望

② expect to do sth 期望干某事

③ expect sb to do sth 期待某人做某事

④ sb didn't expect sb to do sth 没料到某人会干某事

⑤ expect so / not料想如此／不会如此

⑥ ...as / than (sb) expected 如……预料／比预料更

⑦ as is / was / might be expected；as might have been expected果然；不出所料；正如所料

⑧ had expected to do sth 表示“本希望(本想)，但未实

现”。

⑨ beyond (one's) expectation 出乎(某人)意料；料想不到；较预期的更大／好

▲辨析：desire；expect；hope；want；wish

该组词均可表达愿望，但：

expect表示“期待。期望，盼望”，有把握，有根据地认为某事将要发生或期待某事的发生，着重相信或认为有客观可能。

hope表示想做某事或期望出现某种有利的结果，隐含这种希望可以实现，意为“希望于某事”。

want为普通口语用词，指对满足某种实际需要的渴求。

wish表示一种心愿和渴望，渴望的程度比desire弱，或表示一种不能实现的愿望，也用来表示对人的祝福。

desire既可作动词。也可作名词。最正式、严肃，强调感情的强烈和热切，强调“主观愿望的热切性”，含有“强烈希望做某事”的意思。例如：

He desires a college education. 他想受大学教育。/ I expect that we'll succeed this time. 我想这次我们一定会成功。/ I hope everything goes well with your work. 祝你工作如意，事事顺心。/ I don't want your child to be spoiled. 我不愿你的孩子被宠坏。/ I wish I had tried more things at college. 我以前读大学时，若能多尝试一些事情多好。/ How I wish I could buy a house like that. 啊，假如我能

买一栋那样的房子该多好。

▲友情提示：expect表示“期待，期望，盼望”，有把握、有根据地认为某事将要发生或期待某事的发生，着重相信或认为有客观可能。

[考例10](2004北京春招) I arrived late; I ____ the road to be so icy.

A. wouldn't expect　　　　 B. haven't expected

C. hadn't expected　　　　 D. wasn't expecting

[考查目标]考查expect的时态所表示的含义。

[答案与解析]C　 I hadn't expected 表示“我当时没有意料到……”，与过去的事实情况相反。

11. dozen

dozen n. pl. (dozen，dozens) (作为实数及用作定语时，复数不加“s”) 一打，十二个 (pl. dozens) 若干；几十；许多 several dozen exercise-books 几打练习本 / some dozen (of) people 约十二个人 / some dozens of people 几十个人 / pack pencils in dozens 按打包装铅笔

习惯用语：by the dozen 按打计算 / I've bought a dozen eggs for dinner tonight. / The institute has dozens of telescopes through which we can observe the satellites tra- velling in space.

7. bargain

1) bargain n. 交易，合同交易；协议；廉价买到的东西A bargain's a bargain. / He made a bargain with his wife "You take care of the children and I'll cook." / This jacket is a real bargain at such a low price. / It's a real bargain.

2) bargain vi. (常与with，for连用) 讲价；谈条件 If you bargain with them they might reduce the price, she bargain- ed with the trader till he sold her the fruit cheaply.

[比较]

charge n. 费用，价钱；v. 要价，收费 charge sb some money for (doing) sth. 因做某事向人索价

此外，charge还可作“看管，负责”解。

take charge (of sb. / sth.) 照管，管理

in charge (of sb. / sth.) 照管，管理

in the charge of sb. 在……的管理之下

Who is in charge here? = Who takes charge here?

This project is in the charge of Mr. Smith.

13. accompany vt.

1) 陪伴 She accompanied me to the doctor's. / The minister was accompanied by his secretary to the hospital.

2) 伴随 Lightning usually accompanies thunder.

3) 伴奏 The well-known singer W&S accompanied at the electrical organ by his school teacher.

10. I' m curious about ...

☆单词聚焦☆

9. What I'd really like to find out is ...

8. I'd like to know more about ,..

7. I wonder what I who ...

6. What shouldn't be forgotten is ...