8. set off 出发；动身；使爆炸

[典例]

1). What time are you planning to set off tomorrow? 你打算明天几点钟启程?

2). The terrorist set off a bomb in the city centre and killed six people. 恐怖分子在市中心引爆了炸弹，杀害了六个人。

[短语归纳] set短语：

set off for a place 出发到某地　　　　　　　　　　　　　 set about doing sth开始(某工作)；着手做某事

set out 从某地出发上路　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 set out to do sth. 开始做某事

set sth up 摆放或竖起某物；创立，建立　　　　　 set sth aside 将某事物放在一边；(为某目的)节省或保留钱或时间

　[练习] 用set词组填空。

1). The new government must ______ ______ finding solutions to the country’ s economic problems.

2). The children ______ ______ the fireworks in the yard.

3). She ______ ______ a bit of money every month.

4). They ______ ______a statue in honor of the national hero.

5). They’ ve ______ ______ on a journey round the world.

答案： 1). set about　 2). set off　 3). sets aside　 4). set up 　　5). set off/out

8. hold one’ s breath 屏息；屏住气

[典例]

1). How long can you hold your breath for? 你能屏住呼吸多久?

2). The audience held its/their breath as the acrobat walked along the tightrope. 杂技演员走钢丝时, 观众都屏住了呼吸。

[短语归纳] breath短语：

(be) out of/short of breath 呼吸急促；喘不过气来；上气不接下气　　　　　　　 catch one’ s breath屏住气；歇口气

lose one’ s breath 气喘嘘嘘；上气不接下气　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 get one’ s breath 恢复正常呼吸

waste one’ s breath (on sb/sth)(对某人/某事物)白费唇舌　　　　　　　　　 save one’ s breath不必白费唇舌

[练习] 用breath短语填空。

1). He ______ ______ ______ while the results were read out.

2). They won’ t listen, so don’ t ______ ______ ______ telling them.

3). It’ s useless talking to him. You may as well ______ ______ ______.

4). It took us a few minutes to ______ ______ ______ ______after the race.

5). I’ m a bit ______ ______ ______ after my run.

答案：1). held his breath　 2). waste your breath　 3). save your breath　 4). get our breath back 　　5). out of breath

7. keep one’ s word (= keep one’ s promise) 守信用；履行诺言

[典例]

He never keeps his word. 他从不履行诺言。

[短语归纳] word短语：

break one’ s word/promise 违背诺言，失信　　　　　　 Word came that… 有消息传来说……　　　　

leave word 留言，口信　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 have/say the last word下结论；说了算　　　 　

have a word with sb. 和某人说几句话　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 have words with sb. 与某人争吵

take back one’s words 收回自己说过的话　　　　　　　　 in other words 换句话说，也就是说

in a/one word 总之，简言之　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 in words 用文字　　　　　　　　　　　　 beyond words 无法用语言表达

[练习] 用word词组填空。

1). His score was only 53. ______ ______ ______, he failed in the exam.

2). Could I ______ ______ ______ with you, Miss Jones?

3). You’ ll find that she is a girl who always ______ ______ ______.

4). ______ ______ _______, I think he’ s a fool.

答案：1). In other words　 　2). have a word 　3). keeps/breaks her word　 4). In a word

6. turn up 出现；到达；发现；调大(音量等)

[典例]

1). It’ s time for the meeting, but he hasn’ t turned up. 到开会的时间了，但他还没到。

2). Please turn up the radio. I want to listen to the news. 请把收音机音量调大, 我想听听新闻。

[短语归纳] turn 短语：

turn on打开(煤气、自来水、电灯等)　　　　　　　　　　　 turn off 关上　　　　　　　　　　　 turn down减弱，降低，拒绝

turn around/about 转过身来　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 turn away 转过头

turn out生产，制造；(常与to, that连用)结果是　　　 turn to sb./sth. (for help) 向……求助，查阅

[练习] 用turn词组填空。　

1). Don’ t worry. The file is sure to ______ ______.

2). Please ______ the television ______ a bit, I can’ t hear clearly.

3). It ______ ______ that it was Tim who broke the vase.

4). The sad child ______ ______ his mother for comfort.

答案：1). turn up　 　2). turn; up 　　3). turned out　　 4). turned to

5. look forward to 盼望；期待

[典例]

1). I’m looking forward to seeing you this summer vacation. 我期待暑假见到你。　　　

2). I’ m really looking forward to our vacation. 我盼望着假期早日到来。

[短语归纳] 短语中to是介词，后接名词、代词及动词-ing形式：

lead to导致；通向　　　　　　　　　　 object to反对　　　　　　　 refer to查阅；提到　　　　　　 stick to粘住；坚持

add to 增加　　　　　　　　　　　　 add up to 总计　　　　　　 compare......to 把……比作　　　 see to 负责，处理

get close to接近；差点　　　　 get down to着手做…… get/be used to 习惯于　　　 pay attention to 注意……

put an end to 结束，停止　　 admit to 承认　　　　　　　 devote...to 贡献……给；致力于……

[练习] 用所给词的适当形式填空。

1). The boy hurried forward ______ (see) the world-famous oil painting because he had been looking forward to ______ (see) it for a long time.

2). The day I had been looking forward to ______ (come).

3). I used to ______ (get) up late, but now I’ m used to ______ (get) up early.

答案：1). to see; seeing　 2). came　 3). get; getting

4. play a trick/tricks on 对某人搞恶作剧/诈骗/开玩笑；对某人施计谋

[典例]

The kids are always playing tricks on their teacher. 孩子们老是对他们的老师搞恶作剧。

[短语归纳]

play a joke/jokes on sb. = make fun of sb. 开某人的玩笑 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 laugh at sb. 嘲笑某人

[练习] 填介词或用所给词的适当形式填空。

1). He was let in by playing a trick _______ (介词) the guard.

2). She hated _______ (play) tricks on in public.

答案：1). on 　　2). being played

3. dress up 盛装；打扮；装饰　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

[典例]

1). Don’ t bother to dress up. Come as you are. 用不著穿讲究衣服－－就穿平常的衣服来吧。

2). We’re supposed to dress (ourselves) up as movie characters for the party. 我们在晚会上要装扮得像电影中的角色。

[短语归纳] dress短语：

dress up for sth. 为某事而盛装　　　　　　　　　 　　 　　　　　　　 dress up as sb. 打扮成为某人

be dressed in 穿着(衣服或颜色)　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　 dress sb./oneself 给某人或自己穿衣服

[练习] 用dress构成的词组填空。

1). The boy ______ ______ ______ a short pant.

2). He ______ ______ ______ Christmas Father to amuse the children.

3). The kids are too young to ______ ______, so she has to ______ ______ every morning.

答案：1). was dressed in　 2). dressed up as　 3). dress themselves; dress them

2. in memory of = to the memory of 纪念；追念　

[典例]

1). Many ceremonies are in memory of famous people. 很多典礼是为了纪念名人的。

2). The statue was built in memory of the famous scientist. 这个雕像是为了纪念那为有名的科学家而建立的。

[短语归纳] in + n. + of 短语：

in honour of 为了纪念……；向……表示敬意　　　　　　　　 in praise of 歌颂　　　　　　　　 in favor of 赞同, 支持

in charge of 负责　　　　　　　　 in need of 需要　　　　　　　　　 in search of 寻找　　　　　　　　 in possession of 拥有　　

in place of 代替　　　　　　　　　　　　

[练习] 用in + n. + of构成的词组填空。

1). A monument was set up ______ ______ ______ the dead soldiers.

2). He founded the charity (兴办那项慈善事业)______ ______ ______his late wife.

3). If you are ______ ______ ______ anything, don’ t hesitate to let me know.

4). In the discussion, I was ______ ______ ______ Mr. Li.

答案：1). in memory/honour of　 2). in memory of　　 3). in need of　 4). in favor of

1. take place vi. 发生;举行

[典例]

1). The football match will take place tomorrow. 足球赛将在明天举行。

2). The accident took place/ happened only a block from my home. 事故发生在离我家仅一个街区远的地方。

[短语归纳]

take the place of (动词短语)代替/取代　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　 in place of (介词短语)代替；交换

take sb’ s place / take the place of sb. 坐某人的座位；代替某人的职务　 　 in the last place 最后

in place 放在原来的位置；适合的，恰当的　　　　　　 　 out of place不在合适的位置；不适当的

in the first place (列举理由)首先,第一点　　　　　 　　　 　 in one’s place 处于某人的位置,为某人设身处地想一想

[练习] 用place短语的适当形式填空。

1). A little gratitude would be _______ _______.

2). I’ m at a loss what to do next. What would you do (if you were ) _______ _______ _______?

3). Plastics have _______ _______ _______ _______ many other materials.

4). We use plastics _______ _______ _______ many other materials.

5). While the manager was on holiday, he _______ _______ _______.

答案： 1). in place　 2). in my place　 　3). taken the place of　　 4). in place of 　5). took his/her place

8. forgive (forgave, forgiven) vt. 原谅；饶恕

[典例]

1). I’ ll never forgive you! 我永远都不会饶恕你！

2). He asked us to forgive him for what he had done wrong. 他请求我们原谅他的错误。

[重点用法]

forgive sb. (for) sth. 原谅某人的某事　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　 forgive doing sth. 原谅做某事

[练习] 完成句子或用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空。

1). I’ ll never ______ ______ ______ ______ (因你所说的话而原谅你) you said to me.

2). They ______ (forgive) him for his crimes.　

3). Forgive my _______ (interrupt) you.

答案：1). forgive you for what　 2). forgave　 3). interrupting