(三)环境保护：如利用转基因细菌降解有毒有害的化合物，吸收环境中的重金属，分解泄漏的石油，处理工业废水等。

[基础训练]

1、用基因工程技术可使大肠秆菌合成人的胰岛素。下列叙述不正确的是(　 B　 )

A、常用相同的限制酶处理目的基因和质粒

B、DNA连接酶和RNA聚合酶是构建重组质粒必需的工具酶

C、可用含抗生素的培养基检测大肠秆菌中是否导入了重组质粒

D、导入大肠秆菌的目的基因不一定成功表达

2、下列关于基因工程的叙述，正确的是(　 B　 )

A、基因工程经常以抗菌素抗性基因为目的基因

B、细菌质粒是基因工程常用的运载体

C、通常用一种限制酶处理含目的基因的DNA，用另一种限制酶处理载体体DNA

D、为育成抗除草剂的作物新品种，导入抗除草剂基因时应只能以受精卵为受体

3、瑞士科学家培育出一种富含β胡萝卜素的水稻新品种--“黄金水稻”，可望结束发展中国家人口维生素A摄入量不足的状况(注：β胡萝卜素是形成维生素A的基础材料，维生素A缺乏是导致发展中国家千百万儿童失明和罹患其他疾病的常见原因)。如图表示这一技术的基本过程，请据图回答有关问题：

(1)“剪切”所使用的酶是限制性核酸内切酶，“剪切”结果使DNA分子片段产生了黏性末端。“插入”过程中使用的酶有限制性核酸内切酶和DNA连接酶；“表达”的过程包括转录和翻译。

(2)在“黄金水稻”培育过程中，能确定“β胡萝卜素合成基因”已成功导入水稻体内的简便方法是出现了黄色的大米。

(3)通过这一技术培育的水稻称为“黄金水稻”，名称中“黄金”可能与胡萝卜素呈黄色有关。

(4)请再举出两例转基因植物：抗虫棉、转基因大豆、抗除草剂作物等(任选两项)。

[高考模拟]

4、(2008全国卷Ⅰ4)已知某种限制性内切酶在一线性DNA分子上有3个酶切位点，如图中箭头所指，如果该线性DNA分子在3个酶切位点上都被该酶切断，则会产生a、b、c、d四种不同长度的DNA片段。现在多个上述线性DNA分子，若在每个DNA分子上至少有1个酶切位点被该酶切断，则从理论上讲，经该酶切后，这些线性DNA分子最多能产生长度不同的DNA片段种类数是(　 C　 )

A、3　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B、4　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 C、9　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D、12

5、(2007山东理综26)普通小麦中有高秆抗病(TTRR)和矮秆易感病(ttrr)两个品种，控制两对相对性状的基因分别位于两对同源染色体上。实验小组利用不同的方法进行了如下三组实验：

　请分析回答：

(1)A组由F₁获得F₂的方法是杂交，F₂矮秆抗病植株中不能稳定遗传的占2/3。

(2)Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ三类矮秆抗病植株中，最可能产生不育配子的是Ⅲ类。

(3)A、B、C三组方法中，最不容易获得矮秆抗病小麦新品种的方法是C组，原因是基因突变发生的频率极低且不定向性。

(4)通过矮秆抗病Ⅱ获得矮秆抗病小麦新品种的方法是秋水仙素(或低温)诱导染色体数目加倍。获得的矮秆抗病植株中能稳定遗传的占100%。

(5)在一块高秆(纯合体)小麦田中，发现了一株矮秆小麦。请设计实验方案探究该性状出现的可能的原因(简要写出所用方法、结果和结论)将矮秆小麦与高秆小麦杂交；如果子一代为高秆，子二代高秆︰矮秆＝3︰1(或出现性状分离)，则矮秆性状是基因突变造成的；否则，矮秆性状是环境引起的。或将矮秆小麦与高秆小麦种植在相同环境下，如果两者未出现明显差异，则矮秆性状是环境引起；否则矮秆性状是基因突变造成的。

(二)药物研制：利用基因工程，培育转基因生物，利用转基因生物生产出各种高质量、低成本的药品，如胰岛素、干扰素、乙肝疫苗等。

(一)作物育种：利用基因工程的方法，获得高产、稳产和具有优良品质的农作物，培育出具有各种抗逆性的作物新品种，如抗虫棉。

106. Write at least 60 words on the topic “Better Health, Better Life”. ( 以“健康让生活更美好”为题写一篇不少于60个词的短文，标点符号不占格。)

(注意：短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其他相关信息，否则不予评分。

You can use the following points as a guide. (以下内容仅供参考)

Ø　　　　 What’s the relationship (关系) between health and life?

Ø　　　　 How do you keep healthy in order to live a better life?

卢湾区2009年初中毕业生统一学业模拟考试英语试卷

A. True or False(判断下列句子是否符合短文内容，符合的用“T”表示，不符合的用“F”表示): (7分)

This week, our topic is pollution. What’s the answer to all our pollution problems? We asked two experts to give their views.

71. Three experts were asked to give their views on the pollution problems this week.

72. The word “views” here probably means people’s ideas or opinions.

73. Both Forest Smith and John Green think they’ll have a bright future on the pollution problems.

74. Forest Smith’s view on cars and public transport is the same as John Green’s.

75. Forest Smith visited some relatives and found they lived a rich, happy and healthy life.

76. John Green’s sister said their old neighbourhood looked cleaner and greener than before.

77. The passage mainly tells us something about different kinds of pollution on the earth.

B. Choose the best answer(根据短文内容，选择最恰当的答案): (7分)

Stress (压力) is everywhere in our everyday life. Not only men have it, but also women and young people.

The most important reasons of stress are：death, diseases, exams, making money, getting married, moving houses, changing jobs, ending friendships and so on …

How do you know whether you have stress? Could you give your answers to the following questions?

If you answer “Yes” to more than two of these questions, you are one of those people with stress. So what can you do about it?

Doing relaxing exercises, talking with friends and listening to light music are all usual ways of relieving(减轻) stress. However, doctors now say that there are easier ways-people should laugh and smile more often. When you laugh and smile, your body relaxes. They also say that people, especially men, should ______ more often, be­cause crying is the natural way of relieving stress.

78. Who has got stress in his everyday life?

　　　 A) Men.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B) Women.

　　　 C) Young people.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D) All the above.

79. If you have over 　　　　　　problems listed in the table, you are the person with stress.

　　　 A) two　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B) three

　　　 C) five　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D) eight

80. Which of the followings is NOT the reason of stress?

　　　 A) Taking exams.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B) Changing jobs.

　　　 C) Taking sleeping pills.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D) Making money.

81. According to the passage, which of the followings is true?

　　　 A) Women and young people never have stress.

　　　 B) Stress is everywhere in our everyday life.

　　　 C) People who answer “No” to all of the questions have great stress.

　　　 D) People who answer "Yes" to more than two of the questions have no stress.

82. What’s the easier way to relax your body?

　　　 A) Talking with friends.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　 B) Listening to light music.

　　　 C) Doing relaxing exercises.　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　 D) Laughing, smiling and crying.

83. “______” in the passage should be the “word” 　　　　　.

　　　 A) smile　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B) laugh

　　　 C) cry　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D) smoke

84. The main idea of the passage is 　　　　　.

　　　 A) about stress and how to relieve your stress

　　　 B) that there are many reasons for having stress

　　　 C) that laughing and smiling more can help relieve your stress

　　　 D) that doing the Stress Test is a good way to help you to live a better life

C. Choose the words or expressions and complete the passage(选择最恰当的单词或词语完成短文):(14分)

In one way of thinking, failure is a part of life. In 　　85　 　way, failure may be a way towards success. The “Spider-story” is often told. Robert Bruce, leader of the Scots in the 13^th century, was hiding in a cave from the English. He watched a spider making a web. The spider tried to reach across a rough place in the rock. He tried six times. On the 　　86　 　time he made it and went on to make his web. Bruce is said to have been encouraged by this and to have gone on to defeat the English. Edison, the inventor of the light bulb, made hundreds of models that failed 　　87　 　he found the correct way to make one. Once he was asked 　　88　 　he kept on trying to make a new type of battery when he had failed so often, he replied, “Failure? I have no failure. Now I know 50,000 ways that won’t work.”

So what? First, always think about your failure. What caused it？Were conditions OK? Were you in top from yourself? What can you change? So things will go 　　89　 　next time.

Second, is the goal you’re trying to reach a proper one? Try to do some 　　90　 　about what your real goals may be. Think about this question. “If I do succeed in this, where will it get me?” This may help you prevent failure in things you shouldn’t be doing any way.

The third thing to keep in ears about failure is that it’s a part of life. Learn to live with yourself even though you may have 　　91　 .

85. A) other　　　　　　　　　　 B) others　　　　　　　　　 C) another　　　　　　　　 D) the other

86.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A) fifth　　　　　　　　　　　 B) sixth　　　　　　　　　　 C) seventh　 D) eighth

87.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A) because　　　　　　　　 B) while　　　　　　　　　　 C) before　　 D) after

88.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A) why　　　　　　　　　　　 B) when　　　　　　　　　　 C) where　　 D) what

89.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A) high　　　　　　　　　　　 B) bright　　　　　　　　　　 C) bad D) well

90.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 A) reading　　　　　　　　　 B) thinking　　　　　　　　 C) shopping　　　 D) cleaning

91. A) passed　　　　　　　　　 B) finished　　　　　　　　 C) succeeded　　　　　　 D) failed

D. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给):(14分)

Many people use the Internet to get useful knowledge and facts, and to relax themselves. But some of them are not using it in a good way. Here are some rules to make sure you are s　　 92　　 and have fun on the Internet.

Ø　　　 Make rules for the Internet use with your parents. For example, when and how long you can go online, and what activities you can do online.

Ø　　　 Don’t give your password to anyone else, and never give out the following i　　 93　　 : your real name, home address, age, school, phone number, etc.

Ø　　　 Check with your parents before giving out a credit (信用) card number.

Ø　　　 Never send a photo of yourself to anyone in an e-mail u　　 94　　 　your parents say it’s OK.

Ø　　　 Check with your parents before going into a chat room. Different chat rooms have different rules and attract different kinds of people. You and your parents must make sure it’s a r　　 95　　 　place for chatting.

Ø　　　 Never agree to meet someone you meet on the Internet w　　 96　　 　your parents’ permission (允许). Never meet anyone you meet online a　　 97　　 .

Ø　　　 Always remember that people online may not be the people they say they are. Treat (视为) everyone online as if they were strangers.

Ø　　　 If something you see or read online makes you uncomfortable, l　　 98　　 the site. Tell your parents or your teachers at once.

Ø　　　 Treat other people as you’d like to be treated. Never use bad language.

Ø　　　 Remember---not everything you read on the Internet is true.

E. Answer the questions(根据短文内容回答下列问题): (14分)

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　Mar. 25, 2009

Dear Helen,

Thanks for your last letter. Yes, I’m enjoying myself on my exchange program in France. It’s even better than I thought it would be. I was a bit nervous before I arrived here, but there was no reason to be. My host family is really nice. They go out of their way to make me feel at home. And you wouldn’t believe how quickly my French has improved! I’m very comfortable speaking French now. Although I still make lots of mistakes, it doesn’t bother me as it used to. My biggest challenge is learning how to behave at the dinner table. As you can imagine, things are really not the same as the way they are at home. For example, you’re not supposed to put your bread on your plate. You’re supposed to put it on the table！I thought that was pretty strange at first, but now I’m used to it. You’re not supposed to eat anything with your hands except bread, not even fruit! (You have to cut it up and eat it with a fork.) Another thing is that it is very rude to say you’re full. If you don’t want any more food, you should just say, “It was delicious.” Also, it’s rude to put your hands in your lap. You should always keep your hands, but not your elbows, on the table. I have to say, I find it difficult to remember everything, but I’m gradually getting used to things and don’t find them so strange any more. I’ll write soon and tell you more about life in France. Hope you’re having a good school year.

Yours,

Mei Fei

99.　 Where is Mei Fei now?

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .

100. Was there any reason for Mei Fei to be nervous before she arrived there?

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .

101. What does Mei Fei think of her host family?

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .

102. How does Mei Fei feel while she is speaking French now?

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .

103. What is the biggest challenge she is facing?

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .

104. When can Mei Fei eat things with her hands?

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 .

105. Why do you want to go there if you have the chance to take part in an exchange program?

　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　　　.

70. We will welcome all the visitors when they come to Shanghai in 2010.　 (改为被动语态)

All the visitors will _________ _________ when they come to Shanghai in 2010.

Part 3 　Reading and Writing (第三部分 读写)

69. Sometimes children are so young that they can’t tell the bad from the good. (保持句意基本不变)

Sometimes children are _________ young _________ tell the bad from the good.

68. I have always been busy because I have to do a lot of work. 　(对划线部分提问)

_________ _________ you always been busy?

67. We have fine weather today. 　(改为感叹句)

_________ _________ weather we have today!

66. Tom checked the mail every day during the summer holidays last year.　 (改为否定句)

Tom _________ _________ the mail every day during the summer holidays last year.