3. He placed a fixed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it …..

他把太阳固定在太阳系的中心位置上，而行星则围绕着太阳转．

[解释]with + 宾语+ v. –ing / v. –ed / to do / adj. / adv. / prep. phrases构成的复合结构在句中通常作为状语，表示背景情况，为方式，原因或条件等．

［典例］

1)With the old man leading the way, we started towards the forest. 在老者的带路下，我们向森林进发。

2)She ran and ran with beads of sweat running down her face. 她不停地奔跑，汗珠顺着脸颊流下来。

[练习] 汉译英

1)　 老师微笑地走进教室，身后还跟着一群小朋友．

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2)　 随着考试的结束，我们的假期开始了．

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Keys: 1) With a group of children following, the teacher came into the classroom with smile.

2) With the test finished, we began our holiday.

课文要点(模块)

Ⅰ课文词汇等填空(旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等)

根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：

　　　 In the times of Queen Victoria, so-called "King Cholera" hit Londoners, which often 　1　 (导致)large numbers of 　　2　 　(dead). Thanks to John Snow, a then well known 　　3　 　, this deadly disease finally got controlled. John Snow thought 　　4　 　most important was to find its 　　5　 　. So he began to gather the information, for which he made a map, on which he marked 　　6　 　the 　　7　 (受害者)had lived. As a result, he found out that the 　　8　 　(污染) water was the cause of cholera and suggested that the source of all water supplies 　　9　 (检查)immediately. Finally "King Cholera" 　　10　　 　(defeat).

答案：1.　 resulted in　 2. deaths　　　 3. doctor　　 4. the　 5. cause　　 6. where　 7. victims

2. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说的清楚．

[解释]Only 引导的状语放在句首，句子需用半倒装．

［练习］汉译英

1) 只有用这种方法，你才能轻松地解决这个问题．

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2) 就在你失去它的时候，你才会懂得时间的宝贵．

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Keys: 1) Only in this way, can you deal with the problem easily. 2) Only when you lost it, will you understand how valuable the time is.

1. So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.

每次瘟疫爆发，数以千计的人们在恐惧中死去．

[解释] every time可作连词使用，引导时间状语从句，意为“每次，每当”immediately，the moment，directly，instantly等都可以作连词引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”

[典例]

1)Every time I meet him，I always think of the things happened between us．

每次见到他，我就想起发生在我们之间的事情。

2)Immediately he saw the message, he knew he misunderstood his best friend.

一见到纸条，他就知道他误会了他最好的朋友。

[练习] 汉译英

1)每次我去找他，他都在专心看书．

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2)我一见到她就把这本书给了她。

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3)我一见到他就把这封信给他。

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4)我一接到你的信就来了。　

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Keys: 1) Every time I went to see him, he was absorbed in reading. 2) I gave the book to her the moment I saw her． 3) I will give the letter to him immediately I see him．4) I came directly I got the letter．　 ．

3.　　　　 make sense讲得通；有意义

　[典例]

What he says makes sense．他说的有道理。

Can you make sense of this poem? 你能明白这首诗的含义吗?

What you say is true in a sense．你所说的在某种意义上是真实的。

[短语归纳]

make no sense讲不通；无意义　　 make sense of 了解,明白

in a sense就某种意义而言；在某种意义上

　[练习] 汉译英

1)　 老师试了许多次，但这个长句依然讲不通。

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2)　 从某种意义上说，这部影片富含意义。

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Keys: 1) The teacher tried many times, but the long sentence still could not make sense.

2) The film is full of meaning in a sense.

V重点句子 (旨在提供句子结构等所需材料)

2．apart from 除……之外;另外

[典例]

1)Apart from a few faults，he is a perfect teacher．除了几个缺点之外，他是一个很好的老师。

2)Apart from the cost，the dress doesn't suit me．姑且不论价格，这件礼服也不适合我穿。

[短语归纳]

　in addition to除……之外(还有,包括在内)

　besides 除……之外(还有,包括在内)

　except (for)除……之外除……之外(还有,不包括在内)

　except that 除了…除……之外(还有,不包括在内)

[练习]选择以上短语填空。

1)　　　　 As a senior student, we study other subjects _________ English.

2)　　　　 Your article is well written ________ some spelling mistakes.

Keys: 1) besides/ in addition to/apart from 2) except for

1．put forward　 提出(建议等)；推荐某人或自己任职位；提名

[典例]

1)He put forward a new plan yesterday．他昨天提出一个新计划。

2)May I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee? 我能否提名你当委员会主席?

[短语归纳]

　 put on穿上；增加　　　 　　　　　　　　 put on performances演出

　 put an end to结束；终止　　　　 put off推迟；延期；

　 put one's heart into全神贯注于　　 put down写下

　 put out生产；扑灭　　　　　　　 put back放回；送回

　 put up举起；张贴

[练习]用put构成的短语填空:

1)You can take anything from the shelf，but please _______ the books when you've finished with them．

2)He often _______ some useful advice.

Keys: 1) put back 2) puts forward

7. contribute vi．&vt．捐助，捐献，贡献；投稿

[典例]

1)He contributed to the church．他向教会捐款。

2)He often contributes to this newspaper．他经常向这家报社投稿。

3)Cigarette smoking is a major factor contributing to cancer．吸烟是导致癌症的主要因素。

[重点用法]

　 contribution. n. 捐献，贡献；投稿

　 contribute…to …向……捐献(投稿)

　 contribute to…促成，起作用，有助于

　 make a contribution to／towards向……捐赠；对…作出贡献

注意: 以上短语中to为介词；

[练习]用contribute的恰当形式或短语填空。　

1) Everyone is encouraged to ___________ the discussion.

2) Her work has ___________ our understanding of this difficult subject.

3) She has __________ poems to literary magazines．

Keys:　 1) contribute to　 2) contributed to　 3) contributed

Ⅳ重点词组　 (旨在提供综合运用所需材料)

6. instruct vt教导; 指示

[典例]

1)Miss Liu instructed a class in math last year. 刘老师去年给一个班学生上数学课.

2)The volunteers often go to an orphan home to instruct orphans. in English

这些志愿者经常去孤儿之家去教他们英语.

3)He was instructed when to start through the email. 他从邮件中得到出发时间的通知

4)He was instructed to sail for New York. 他奉命前往纽约。

[重点用法]

instruct sb.( in sth.) 教, 教导,传授技能

instruct sb. to do; instruct wh-命令, 指示,

instruct that-clause通知

[练习] 汉译英

1)老职工对青年职工言传身教.

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2)同时要求孩子们放学后留在教室里.

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Keys: 1) The old workers instruct the young workers not only in words, but by deeds. 2)The children were also instructed not to leave the classroom after class.

5. blame vt．责备；谴责；归咎于；

n．责怪；(过失、过错等)责任

[典例]

1)The careless driver is to blame for the traffic accident happening yesterday．

　　 那个粗心的司机该为昨天发生的交通事故负责。

2) Who is to blame for the failure?　 谁该为这次的失败负责?

3) The student blamed the teacher for his failure．学生因失败而怪老师。

[重点用法]

blame sb．for(doing)sth．　 因(做)某事而指责某人

blame sth．on sb．　 因某事而指责某人

sb．be to blame for(doing)sth．　 因(做)某事某人应该受到谴责；

注意: be to blame 应负责 (无被动形式)。

[练习] 汉译英

1)看来霍乱的流行要归罪于饮用水了.

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2)这件事谁也不能怨.

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3)他指责你玩忽职守.

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Keys: 1) It seemed that the water was to blame. 2) Nobody is to blame for it. 3) He blames you for neglect of duty.

4. absorb

1) 吸收　 2)使(精神)贯注　 3)占用(时间)

[重点用法]

be absorbed in 全神贯注于;热衷于;

absorb one’s attention吸引某人注意力

[典例]

1)The equipment can absorb moisture from the air这一设备能从空中吸收水分

2)He is absorbed in study. 他专心读书。

3)This job absorbs all of my time. 这件工作占用了我的全部时间。

[练习] 汉译英

1)　 颜色丰富的东西总能轻易地吸引孩子们的注意力。

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2)　 这双新鞋特别设计了吸收能量的作用。

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Keys: 1) Things in colour can often absorb children’s attention easily. 2) The new shoes are specially designed to absorb the energy.