3、Louis Pasteur, the famous French chemist and bacteriologist (细菌学家), invented “pasteurization”. In 1854 Pasteur was made head of the department of science at the University of Lille, and it was there that he made one of his most famous discoveries. Lille was a major centre for wine and beer-making, and some of the local wine-makers asked Pasteur if he could help solve the problem of keeping wine fresh. At that time, it was believed that food and drinks go “bad” due to (because of) a purely chemical process. But during a series of experiments Pasteur proved that tiny living organisms (微生物) caused food and drinks to go bad. In the case of wine and beer the organisms are already present in the form of the various yeasts (酵母) that caused the fermentation (发酵) process. Pasteur discovered that heating the wine gently for a few minutes after it had fermented would kill off the yeast that was left in the wine, with the result that the wine would remain fresh for much longer. He also proved that food and drinks could be turned bad by other organisms that were present in the air, and that they also would keep fresh much longer if they were kept in airtight containers.

The heating process was so successful that it made Pasteur famous. It was named “pasteurization” in his honor, and by about 1900 it had been widely used for processing and bottling cows’ milk. The result was a huge drop in the number of bottle-fed babies dying from infant diarrhea (婴儿腹泻) and from that time on it has been a standard treatment for milk and many other food products. This simple process has saved thousands, possibly millions of lives worldwide.

1．Pasteur became __________ in 1854.

A. the chairperson of the science department at the University of Lille

B. the director of a chemical laboratory at the University of Lille

C. the general manager of a large beer-making company

D. the president of the University of Lille

2．According to the passage, Lille was a major centre for__________ in the mid-19th century.

A. growing grain crops                                     B. making beer and wine

C. doing chemical research                                D. producing various kinds of yeasts

3．In the last sentence of Paragraph 1, the underlined word “they” refers to  __________.

A. wine and beer                                              B. food and drinks

C. the various yeasts                                         D. other organisms

4．We can infer (推断) from the passage that Pasteur’s discovery __________.

A. is no longer widely used for treating milk and other food products

B. did not bring much profit (利润，收益) to the wine makers in Lille

C. has done a lot of good to childcare in the world

D. has greatly reduced the number of wars in the world

2、Sometime today — perhaps several times — Dick Winter will think about the 19-year-old who saved his life.

Because of this young man, Winter enjoys things like friendships, colours and laughter every day.

The young man saved Winter’s life by signing an organ donor card (器官捐献卡).

“I can’t say thank you enough,” Winter said yesterday at the news conference marking the tenth anniversary (周年纪念日) of the Multi Organ Transplant (移植) Program at Toronto General Hospital.

What Winter knows of the 19-year-old who saved his life is only that he died in a car accident and that his family was willing to honour his wishes and donate his organs for transplantation.

His liver (肝脏) went to Winter, who was dying from liver trouble. “Not a day goes by that I don’t think of what a painful thing it must have been for them,” Winter said yesterday.

“They are very, very special people.”

Winter, 63, is fitter now than he was 10 years ago, when he got the transplant. He has five medals from the 1995 World Transplant Games in swimming and hopes to collect some more next year in Japan.

“At one time, we were probably strange people in the eyes of other people. Now it’s expected you should be able to go back and do everything you did before, only better.”

The biggest change for Winter, however, isn’t that he has become a competitive athlete. The biggest change is how deeply he appreciates every little thing about his life now.

“ I have no time for arguments,” said Winter.

“You change everything. Material things don’t mean as much. Friendships mean a lot.”

Also at yesterday’s news conference was Dr. Gray Levy, Winter’s doctor.

Levy said he has bitter-sweet feelings when he looks at Winter and hears of his athletic exploits.

Levy knows that for every recipient (接受者) like Winter, there are several others who die even though they could be saved because there aren’t enough donated organs.

“For every Mr. Winter, we have five to ten people that will never be given the chance that Mr. Winter was given,” Levy said.

Levy said greater public awareness (意识，认识) and more resources are needed. He noted that in Spain and the United States, hospitals receive $10,000 per donor to cover the costs of the operating room, doctors, nurses and teams to work with the donors’ families.

1．Which of the following is true about the 19-year-old?

A. He died of liver trouble.                                 B. He got wounded in a battle.

C. He was willing to donate his organs.               D. He became a recipient of a prize.

2．What do we learn about Dick Winter?

A. He is becoming less competitive now.

B. He is always thinking about his early life.

C. He knows all about the young man and his family.

D. He values friendships more than material things.

3．Dr. Levy would agree that  __________.

A. Spanish hospitals have more favorable (有利的) conditions for organ transplant

B. the Canadian public have realized the importance of organ donation

C. Spanish hospitals received more money from the donors

D. Canadian hospitals now have enough donated organs

4．What’s the author’s purpose in writing this article?

A. The public should give more support to organ transplant.

B. Transplant patients are thankful for the help they receive.

C. Transplant can change a patient’s life greatly.

D. It is not easy to get organs for transplant.

1、目前，学校存在少数学生考试作弊现象。某英文杂志社拟对此现象向中学生征文，标题是“My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations”。请根据下列提示用英语写一篇征文稿。内容要点如下：

注意：1. 短文必须包括所有内容要点，可适当发挥；

2. 短文标题与开头已为你写好，不计入总词数；

3. 词数：100左右；

4. 参考词汇：作弊 cheat（v.）

My Opinion on Cheating in Examinations

It is known to us all that some students cheat in examinations at school._________________

36、Be confident my boy, _____ you are born rich or poor.

A．if            B．that         C．which      D．whether

34、找出与所给单词划线部分读音相同的选项。

1. chapter                     A. chorus                  B. stomach     C. chain             D. Christmas

2. worthy                  A. thread               B. further        C. worth             D. through

3. chief                 A. believe              B. lie              C. tie                 D. diet

4. biology            A. commercial       B. observe    C. occur           D. obvious

5. explanation        A. excellent            B. excuse              C. explain          D. express

33、--- Have you heard of the North Korea’s nuclear test?

--- Yes, _____ news came as _____ shock to me.

A. the; a  B. the; the     C. a; a       D. a; the