2. ---How do you usually go home for your holidays?

---We usually go by plane/ by air. Sometimes we go by ship / by sea.

1. ----How do you usually come to school?

----I usually come by bus, but sometimes I come on foot.

4. How long does it take? 需要多久时间？

此句中take的意思是“花/用……时间”的意思。

句型“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”的意思是“花某人多少时间作某事”。如：

It take me ten minutes to have breakfast every morning.

我每天早晨花十分钟吃早饭。

It takes Jim half an hour to go to school by bus every day.

吉姆每天花半个小时乘公共汽车上学。

此句中的how long是指一段时间。若对表示一段时间的时间状语提问，特殊疑问句就需用how long来引导。如：

It taken him twenty minutes to read English every morning. (对划线部分提问)　 →　 How long does it take him to read English every morning?

交际用语大观

3. It takes about 10 minutes to walk and 15 minutes by bus.

(1)固定搭配句型：It take (sb) (sometime) to do sth做某事情花费某人某时间。如：

It takes (me) 1 hour to go to my hometown by train.

It takes Janny 20 minutes to finish her homework.

It took Tom 10 minutes to come to post office yesterday.

(2) by bus意为“坐公共汽车”。乘坐某种交通工具可由“by+交通工具名词”构成，by后面不加冠词。如：by bike, by air, by plane, by car, by boat, by sea, by ship, by train. 这些短语用来表示交通方式。但当表示交通工具的名词前有冠词等限定词时，则介词不能用by，通常需换用介词on或者in。 在此情况下，该词组仍表示交通方式，可与“by+交通工具名词”结构互换。如by bus= on a bus, by car= in a car, by train = on a train。

2. I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.

Usually是表示时间的副词，意思是“通常”，“总是”。

我们学习过的表示行为或者动作频率的副词还有often, sometimes。Usually表示的频率最高，其次是often(经常，时常)，然后是sometimes (有时)。这些副词在句中一般位于be动词之后，行为动词之前。但sometimes 可放在句首、句中或者句末。如：

She is often late for school. 她上学经常迟到。

He usually has bread and milk for breakfast. 他早餐总是吃面包和牛奶。

Sometimes we watch TV at home..

= We sometimes watch TV at home.

= We watch TV at home sometimes.

我们有时在家看电视。

1.How do you get to school?

这是一个一般现在时的特殊疑问句。一般现在时特殊疑问句的结构是由“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”构成的。此句中的特殊疑问词是how, 意思是“怎样”；do是助动词，帮助句中行为动词get构成疑问句。如果主语是第三人称单数，助动词需用does。如：

How does your mother go to work?

一些由how引导的特殊疑问句。如：

How do you spell your name? 怎样拼读你的名字？

How do you like China? 你认为中国怎么样？

How与many或者much连用，作为疑问词所构成的特殊疑问句。How many, how much用以对数量多少提问。How many对可数名词提问，how much对不可数名词提问；how much可对价格提问。如：

How many trains can you see under the bridge? 你能看见桥下有几列火车？

How much milk do you want? 你想要多少牛奶？

How much are these potatoes? 这些土豆多少钱？

但how引起的特殊疑问句在不同句子中或者how构成的短语可表达各种意思。如：How are you?问健康；How does he come?问方式；How old问年龄；How far问多远；How long问多长/久；How many问多少；How much问多少；How heavy问多重；How often问频率; How soon问多久，等等。

4. be to + 动词原型

1) 用“be to +动词原型”表示的将来更是按照正式的计划安排即将发生的事情，从而带有更大的肯定性和不可变易性，常见于正式文体。

The railway is to be opened to traffic next month. 铁路定于下月通车

The Prime Minister is to make a statement tomorrow. 首相明天发表声明

2) 主语+ be about to + 动词原形，其后不加具体的时间状语。译为“刚要，就要”，表示刚刚准备好或马上就要做某事。

Look out! The train is about to move! 当心！火车就要动了！

We were about to start, when it rained. 就在我们要动身的时候下起雨来

课文疑难解析

3. be + ing分词

1) 用现在进行时表示将来。通常指按照现在的计划安排将要发生的动作。

I am seeing him tomorrow. 我明天去看他

He is taking his exam next week. 下周他要考试了

I’m having dinner with you tomorrow evening. 我明晚和你共进晚餐

2) 必须带有时间状语，否则和现在进行时的动作无异。

He is having dinner with her. 他现在正在和他一起用餐。

He is taking his exam soon. 他即将应试。

3) 和“be going to”的区别在于：“be + ing”表示按照现在的计划安排将要发生的动作；而“be going to”表示“意图”，这种“意图”并不带有计划安排的含义。

I am going to see him tomorrow. 我打算明天去看他

I am seeing him tomorrow. 我将在明天去看他

2. be going to + 动词原型

通常是指说话时已经有迹象表明即将发生某事。例如：

Look at the black clouds. There is going to be a thunderstorm.

She is going to be sick. 她要生病了

I’m too sleepy. I am going to sleep. 我太困了，我要睡觉了

还表示“意图”或“打算”，特别常见于非正式语体。例如：

　　 I’m going to buy a house. 我打算买房子

　　 When are you going to see him? 你打算什么时候去看他？

　　 Who is going to speak first? 谁第一个发言？

用be going to表示的“意图”通常是经过考虑之后才做出的，因而比较肯定；而will表示的“意图”或“意愿”通常是在说话时临时提出的，比较随便。

He is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 他长大后打算做个工程师

There’s someone at the door. I’ll go and open it. 有人敲门，我去开门

1. will / shall + 动词原型

will 和shall是情态动词的助动词，它们可以表示多种多样的情态意义，比如表示：“意愿、意图、预见、估计……”，其中表示“预见”和对将来情况的“估计”便是will 和shall表示将来的语法作用。例如：

We will arrive tonight. 我们会在今晚到达

You will win the game, I’m sure. 我肯定你会打赢这场比赛

He won’t come to the party next week. 他下周不会来参加聚会

It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨

shall用语第一人称主语，但越来越少见。Will可以用于一切人称。当will和shall 表示将来的时候，很难往往或多或少带有情态意义，很难把将来意义和情态意义截然分开。“打算”“将”