4. This school begins classes at 7:45.

解题思路：

要熟练准确地掌握划线部分提问这一题型的解题方法，写出所需要的特殊疑问句，可按下面步骤进行：一、去掉划线部分；二、将没有划线部分的句子变为一般疑问句；三、根据划线部分的意思选出最恰当的特殊疑问词放在句首。

3. The hospital is about 2 kilometres from our school.

2. It takes me half an hour to do the maths problem.

1. He goes to work on foot everyday.

4. How long does it take? 需要多久时间？

此句中take的意思是“花/用……时间”的意思。

句型“it takes sb. some time to do sth.”的意思是“花某人多少时间作某事”。如：

It take me ten minutes to have breakfast every morning.

我每天早晨花十分钟吃早饭。

It takes Jim half an hour to go to school by bus every day.

吉姆每天花半个小时乘公共汽车上学。

此句中的how long是指一段时间。若对表示一段时间的时间状语提问，特殊疑问句就需用how long来引导。如：

It taken him twenty minutes to read English every morning. (对划线部分提问)　 →　 How long does it take him to read English every morning?

Take的用法

动词take在不同的语言环境中可以表示许多不同的意思，了解并掌握其用法很有必要。常见的用法有：

1)表示“拿走、带走、带去”。如：

Could you take it to the classroom? 你把它拿到教室里去好吗？

2)表示“带给”如：

Take him another cup of tea.再端一杯茶给他。

3)表示“吃、喝、服用”。如：

The doctor often gives me some medicine to take for my cold.医生常给我一些感冒药吃。

Take the medicine three times a day.每天服药三次。

4) 表示“乘车(船)”等。如：

You can take the No.2 bus. 你可以做第2路公共汽车去。

5)表示“花费/用(时间)”。如：

It takes about two hours. 大约要花两个小时。

How long does it take by ship? 坐船要用多长时间？

6)与不同的词搭配，构成不同的固定短语。如：

take a walk 散步

take away food可带走熟食

take one’s temperature量体温

take one’s time 不急/从容不迫

take exercise做运动

take a look看一看

take photos拍照/照相

take off脱下/脱掉

take (good) care of照顾，照料

take out取出/拿出

7)运用某种交通工具去某地的表达方法，除前面列举的几个外，常用的还有：

by plane (=by air) 乘飞机

by ship (= by sea) 乘轮船

by boat (= by water) 坐船

by taxi乘出租车

by subway乘地铁

by minibus乘小公共汽车

How引起的特殊疑问句

1)How引起的特殊疑问句可用来询问各种情况。例如：

　“How are your parents?” “Very well, thank you.”

“你父母好吗？”“很好，谢谢。”

How do you spell the word?

这个词你怎么拼？

　“How do you like (或find)the film?” “Very interesting.”

“这电影你觉得怎么样？”“非常有趣。”

“How do you usually go to school?”

“I usually go by bike.”

“你通常怎样上学的？”“我通常骑自行车上学的。”

2)有些词可与how一起构成特殊疑问短语，常见的有：how many多少(指可数的量)， how much多少(指不可数的量)，how far多远，how old多大年龄，how long多久，how tall多高，how heavy多重。这些疑问短语可用来引导特殊疑问句。请注意下面例句及其回答。

“How many students are there in the classroom?” “Only four.”

“教室里有多少学生？”“只有四人。”

“How much rice is there in the bag?”

“Not much, only ten jin.”

“口袋里有多少米”“不多，只有十斤。”

　“How far is your school (from here)?”

　“It's only a few kilometres (from here).”

“你们学校离这儿有多远？”“只有几公里。”

　“How long are you going to stay here?” “For three days.”

“你打算在这里呆多久？”“三天。”

“How tall is you brother?” “He’s 1.80 metres tall.”

“你哥哥有多高？”“他1.80米高。”

　“How heavy is that bag of rice?” “It's 100 kilos.”

“那袋大米有多重？”“有11公斤。”

On foot与walk的区别

On foot是介词短语，表示方式，必须与实义动词连用。Walk是实义动词，表示动作，能单独用作谓语。试比较：

I walk to the park.

I go to the park on foot.

类似的同义词还有：

His mother goes to work by bus.

His mother takes a bus to work.

David goes to England by air.

David flies to England.

例题分析Ⅰ

句型变换，就划线部分提问：

3. It takes about 10 minutes to walk and 15 minutes by bus.

(1)固定搭配句型：It take (sb) (sometime) to do sth做某事情花费某人某时间。如：

It takes (me) 1 hour to go to my hometown by train.

It takes Janny 20 minutes to finish her homework.

It took Tom 10 minutes to come to post office yesterday.

(2) by bus意为“坐公共汽车”。乘坐某种交通工具可由“by+交通工具名词”构成，by后面不加冠词。如：by bike, by air, by plane, by car, by boat, by sea, by ship, by train. 这些短语用来表示交通方式。但当表示交通工具的名词前有冠词等限定词时，则介词不能用by，通常需换用介词on或者in。 在此情况下，该词组仍表示交通方式，可与“by+交通工具名词”结构互换。如by bus= on a bus, by car= in a car, by train = on a train。

2. I usually walk but sometimes I take the bus.

Usually是表示时间的副词，意思是“通常”，“总是”。

我们学习过的表示行为或者动作频率的副词还有often, sometimes。Usually表示的频率最高，其次是often(经常，时常)，然后是sometimes (有时)。这些副词在句中一般位于be动词之后，行为动词之前。但sometimes 可放在句首、句中或者句末。如：

She is often late for school. 她上学经常迟到。

He usually has bread and milk for breakfast. 他早餐总是吃面包和牛奶。

Sometimes we watch TV at home..

= We sometimes watch TV at home.

= We watch TV at home sometimes.

我们有时在家看电视。

1.How do you get to school?

这是一个一般现在时的特殊疑问句。一般现在时特殊疑问句的结构是由“特殊疑问词+一般疑问句”构成的。此句中的特殊疑问词是how, 意思是“怎样”；do是助动词，帮助句中行为动词get构成疑问句。如果主语是第三人称单数，助动词需用does。如：

How does your mother go to work?

一些由how引导的特殊疑问句。如：

How do you spell your name? 怎样拼读你的名字？

How do you like China? 你认为中国怎么样？

How与many或者much连用，作为疑问词所构成的特殊疑问句。How many, how much用以对数量多少提问。How many对可数名词提问，how much对不可数名词提问；how much可对价格提问。如：

How many trains can you see under the bridge? 你能看见桥下有几列火车？

How much milk do you want? 你想要多少牛奶？

How much are these potatoes? 这些土豆多少钱？

但how引起的特殊疑问句在不同句子中或者how构成的短语可表达各种意思。如：How are you?问健康；How does he come?问方式；How old问年龄；How far问多远；How long问多长/久；How many问多少；How much问多少；How heavy问多重；How often问频率; How soon问多久，等等。

4. be to + 动词原型

1) 用“be to +动词原型”表示的将来更是按照正式的计划安排即将发生的事情，从而带有更大的肯定性和不可变易性，常见于正式文体。

The railway is to be opened to traffic next month. 铁路定于下月通车

The Prime Minister is to make a statement tomorrow. 首相明天发表声明

2) 主语+ be about to + 动词原形，其后不加具体的时间状语。译为“刚要，就要”，表示刚刚准备好或马上就要做某事。

Look out! The train is about to move! 当心！火车就要动了！

We were about to start, when it rained. 就在我们要动身的时候下起雨来

课文疑难解析

3. be + ing分词

1) 用现在进行时表示将来。通常指按照现在的计划安排将要发生的动作。

I am seeing him tomorrow. 我明天去看他

He is taking his exam next week. 下周他要考试了

I’m having dinner with you tomorrow evening. 我明晚和你共进晚餐

2) 必须带有时间状语，否则和现在进行时的动作无异。

He is having dinner with her. 他现在正在和他一起用餐。

He is taking his exam soon. 他即将应试。

3) 和“be going to”的区别在于：“be + ing”表示按照现在的计划安排将要发生的动作；而“be going to”表示“意图”，这种“意图”并不带有计划安排的含义。

I am going to see him tomorrow. 我打算明天去看他

I am seeing him tomorrow. 我将在明天去看他