Question

9．As one of the most well-known of the fantasy languages invented for science fiction film，television and book，and developed by J．R．R．Tolkien himself，Elvish is made up with several thousand words and different sentence structures．
  Constructed languages （人造语言） like Elvish are real languages，madeup of thousands of words created by fantasy writers，linguists and fans，with real language rules．While a
widespread vocabulary is advantageous to a constructed language，there is a key differentiator （区分者） we can see between just a lot of words and real language：Grammar．
  Grammar is what makes constructed languages like Elvish learnable by everyday superfans．Superfans of The Lord of the Rings have built websites and created dictionaries，apps and translators，to teach Elvish．They have also created online clubs where fans can discuss and even create new words based on the already existing vocabulary，and continue to study the language．
  So what does it take to be a master of Elvish？
  In learning Elvish，there are a couple of grammatical rules similar to those of the English language．For example，in order to make a verb past tense in English，you have to add an-ed，makingwash，washed．Similarly in Elvish，in order to change the word for wash，which is allu，to the past tense then you have to add an-ne to the word．So washed is then translated to allune in past tense．
  Nouns in Elvish are different in the way that the noun changes depending on how it's used in a sentence，just like in Latin or Russian．For example，the word head in Elvish is CAS．However，if you duck your head，then the word changes to CARA．When mentioningsomething in your head，then it changes to CASSE．Tolkien's attention to detail in creating the fantasy world used in The Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit，complete with multiple functioning （多功能的） invented languages，has attracted readers and movie viewers these years．
  Elvish is only one of the many magical languages developed by J．R．R．Tolkien．Creating language for fantasy has proven to add to viewers and readers experiences．By transplanting their imagination to a new world，fans are able to learn the new language and speak Elvish with each other，much like their favorite characters．
52．Elvish is considered a real language becauseA．
A．certain grammatical rules make the language learnable
B．it is made up with lots of words and sentence structures
C．characters in The Lord of the Rings use it to communicate
D．new words can be created based on already existing words
53．For the fans of The Lord of the Rings，C．
A．Elvish is a language difficult to learn
B．there is no Elvish dictionary to refer to
C．Elvish adds to the novel's attractiveness
D．they can even create new grammar for Elvish
54．Which of the following is TRUE about Elvish？D
A．The translation of"washed"in Elvish is"allu"．
B．The form of a noun doesn't change in Elvish．
C．Elvish and English share the same grammar．
D．Elvish is also used in the filmThe Hobbit．
55．The best title for this passage might beA．
A．Elvish，a Magical Language
B．J．R．R．Tolkien，a Great Writer
C．The Hobbit，a Wonderful Film
D．Language，a Way to Communicate．

Answer 1

分析 原文大意：
作为科幻电影最着名的幻想语言之一，电视和书籍是由J．R．R．Tolkien自己开发，精灵由几千个词和不同的句子结构组成．
构造语言就像精灵，是真实的语言，由幻想作家，语言学家和球迷创造的数千个词组成，具有真实的语言规则．广泛熟知的词汇有利于一种语言的构造，在许多词汇和一门语言之间，有一个关键区别，那就是语法．语法是使构造的语言像精灵一样变成可以被日常超级粉丝学习的东西．魔戒的建立者建立了网站，创建了字典，应用程序和翻译，并且一直在教授精灵．他们还创建了在线俱乐部，粉丝可以讨论甚至基于已经存在的词汇创建新词，并继续学习语言．
那么，成为精灵的高手需要什么？
在学习精灵语言时，有一些与英语语法相似的语法规则．例如，为了使英语中的动词过去时态，你必须添加ed，比如把wash变成washed．类似地在精灵中，在改变洗涤这个词时，这个词是allu，过去时，那么你必须添加一个ne到这个词．然后洗就被翻译成过去时的allune．
精灵中的名词根据其在句子中的使用方式而有所不同，就像在拉丁语或俄语中一样．例如，精灵中的词头是CAS．但是，如果你低头，那么词改变为CARA．当你注意到脑海中的某些事情，那么它将变为CASSE．Tolkien在戒指和霍比特人非常在意使用文字的细节，努力完成多功能发明语言，因此这么多年吸引了大量的读者和电影观众．
精灵只是由J．R．R．Tolkien开发的许多神奇语言之一．创造奇幻语言已经证明了其在创作中加入了观众和读者的经验．通过移植他们的想象力到一个新的世界，影迷们能够学习新的语言，并且彼此通过精灵交流．并且，更加喜欢剧中人物的性格．

解答 52．A，文义推断题，文中指出"like Elvish are real languages with real language rules"，精灵语言虽然是认为编写，但让他被认为是一种语言的原因是他拥有一套完整的语言规则，所以选择A
53．C，文字推断题，文中指出"Superfans of The Lord of the Rings have built websites and created dictionaries，apps and translators，to teach Elvish．"指环王的超级粉丝在教授精灵语言，且创建字典，开设网站和app等形式，所以推测精灵语言不难学，并存在字典工具，所以排除AB选项；文中用"They have also created online clubs where fans can discuss and even create new words based on the already existing vocabulary，and continue to study the language．"来表明粉丝可以创建新词，但并不包括语法，所以选项D错误．对于选项C，文章说"has attracted readers and movie viewers these years"，表明其这些年吸引了很多读者及看电影的人，所以说精灵是一种新兴的语言结构，并且吸引了好多人．故选C
54．D，细节分析题．根据原文意思，"allu，to the past tense then you have to add an-ne to the word"，洗的单词在精灵中是'allu'，再转换成过去时时应该在末尾家"ne"，A错误；文中说"Nouns in Elvish are different in the way that the noun changes depending on how it's used in a sentence"，表明名词的使用形式与句子表达意思有关，说明其会发生变化，B错误；文中指出"there are a couple of grammatical rules similar to those of the English language"，说明精灵语言和英语语法类似，但从下文得知并非完全相同，所以C错误；D中Hobbit霍比特人属于科幻电影，所以符合要求．
55．A，考察主题归纳．本文通篇都在介绍精灵语言，涉及到其发明人，电影名称及语言学习，但最重要的还是在说明精灵语言的出处、发展、语法、教学等，所以主题应该是精灵语言，所以选择A．

点评 本文主要是奇幻语言-精灵的来源、语法及应用等．题止涉及到词义猜测、推理判断和主旨大意题，要在抓住关键句子的基础上进行合理地分析才能得出正确答案，切记不能乱猜，一定做到有理有据