2009年高考书面表达分析指导（二）
第二篇 列要点
列要点是英语写作中一个重要而不可忽视的环节。实践中，不少学生因嫌麻烦，往往省去这一环节，结果不是遗漏了要点，就是要点重复，以致影响了得分。这是非常可惜的。
高考书面表达的评分标准中，“要点是否齐全”是重要的评分依据之一。现以一篇看图作文为例分析如下：
例3：下面图画描述的是你的一段亲身经历，请据此为一家中学生英文报的故事专栏写一篇100词左右的短文。
生词帮助：十字路口crossroads；违章者 offender
解题步骤：
1. 审题：这是一则记事性记叙文。
2. 内容要点：
(1) 哥哥骑车带我去电影院；
(2) 在十字路口被两人拦住，其中一个说道“终于等到你们了”；
(3) 他们半小时以前因骑车带人受罚；
(4) 警察罚他们抓住下一个违章带人者；
(5) 于是我们照样被罚继续抓违章者。
3. 陈述要点的重点词汇和短语：
(1) ride one bike, go to the cinema, ride a bike, sit on the back of the bike
(2) come/ get to the crossroads, be stopped by, wait for you for a long time
(3) be stopped by a policeman, half an hour before, as offenders
(4) make them catch the next offender
(5) have to do as they do
4. 要点扩充成句：组织材料，筛选词语，选定句型，时态使用以过去时为主。
(1) My brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema./ My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.
(2) We got to the crossroads. A young man and a young lady stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”
(3) They told us that they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders.
(4) The policeman made them catch the next offender.
(5) We had to do as they had done.
5. 写初稿：加上关联词和过渡句组成短文。
The other day my brother and I rode one bike to go to the cinema. (My brother and I went to the cinema. My brother rode a bike and I sat on the back of the bike.) As we came to the crossroads, a young man and a lady came up and stopped us. The lady said,“We have waited for you for a long time.”
They told us they had been stopped by a policeman half an hour before as offenders. So the policeman made them catch the next offender. They said to us happily,“It’s your turn to find the next offender.” We had to do as they had done. What a good lesson to us!
6. 修改定稿。
列要点时，我们应注意以下三点：
(1) 重视每一个要点，不要故意遗漏要点
实践中，由于某些词不会写、某些句型不会用、某些结构不会表达，有些同学便自作聪明地故意遗漏要点，这种做法显然是不明智的，因为遗漏要点扣的分远比错一个词扣的分多。正确的做法是：对于不会表达的难点，设法找个同义词代替或找个相似句型代替，即使不能百分之百地表达原义，表达百分之八十哪怕百分之五十也可以，总比故意遗漏要点而白白丢分要好很多。
(2) 分清主次，不要眉毛胡子一把抓
一般来说，对于要点式的题型，同学们不会有什么问题，但若遇到图表类的题型，则可能麻烦一些，因为它需要同学们根据图表信息自己归纳要点。虽说遗漏要点导致文章内容不完整会扣分，但并不是说图表中的所有内容都要表达出来。此时同学们一定要认真审题，分清哪些是写作的主要内容，哪些是次要内容，不要眉毛胡子―把抓。原则上说，只要抓住图表所显示的主要内容，同时能做到文理通顺、自圆其说，一般不会得低分。
(3) 抓直接要点，但也不要忽视常识性要点
具体写作时，对卷面上的直接要点考生一般不会忽略，但试题中隐含的间接要点（尤其是一些常识性要点）则往往容易忽略。应该知道，试题中的某些常识性要点既是重要内容，又起着承上启下的作用，对增强文章的可读性很有好处。同学们在平时的复习中可将常见的常识性要点进行分类，实际写作时有针对性地选择使用，如写通知、书信、参观欢迎词时的开头语和结束语。有的应用文还需要固定的格式，如日记开头常交待时间和天气；信件要包括信头、信内地址、称呼、正文和结束语，还要有谦称和签名。同学们写作时，应有意识地去使用这些格式要点，确保要点无一遗漏，从而“覆盖所有内容要点”，取得最高档次的得分。
2009年高考书面表达分析指导（一）
第一篇 审题
审题是写作的第一道关口。拿到一篇书面表达，首先要审好题。只有审好了题，才有可能写出高质量的文章来。那么，怎样审好题呢？应审些什么呢？笔者认为，应主要从以下三个方面着手：
1. 审材料
中学生英文习作多为限制性（或者说提示性）作文，即：给出一定的材料，要求学生根据所给材料提示进行写作。这就要求我们审好材料，把握内容的主次关系、前后联系等。提供材料的形式多种多样，有文字提示、表格提示、图画提示等。
例1：根据下面表格所提供的信息，写一篇人物介绍。
Personal Data
Family name (Surname)
Smith
Sex
First (Given) name
Linda
Male ( )
Female (√ )
Country of birth
U.S.A
Date of birth (month/day/year)
Address
153 Changjiang Road, Hefei, China
Telephone
0551-2618179
Postcode
230061
Fax
0551-2618123
MissSmith@163.com
参考词汇：male 男性；female 女性；post code 邮政编码；fax 传真
这是一道表格提示类写作题，其所提供的信息非常丰富。审题时，我们应对这些内容进行分类理顺、筛选合并，如姓名两栏即可合并为一项Her full name is Linda Smith. 通过分析、整理可从以下几个方面介绍这个人物：姓名、性别、国籍、年龄、住址、联系方式等。范文如下：
We can call her Miss Smith. Her full name is Linda Smith. She is from America. She is about 27. Now she lives in Hefei. There are three ways to contact her. We can send a letter or an e-mail to her, or telephone her. Her address is 153 Changjiang Road, Hefei, China. Her telephone number is 0551-2618179, and her e-mail address is MissSmith @ 163. com.
2.审格式
把握好格式是审题的另一项重要内容。通常情况下，应用文体类作文应把握好其格式，如：日记、书信、通知、便条、欢迎(送)词等。
日记的格式为：在左上角写星期、日期，在右上角写天气情况。日记的正文自第二行开始。
书信的格式有：信头(Heading)、称呼语(Salutation)、结束语(Complimentary close)、签名(Signature)等；信头包括写信人的地址和写信日期，一般写在信纸的右上方；称呼语应另起一行顶格写；接着，就是信的正文部分；正文写完后，在信的结尾处书写结束语并签名，结束语有：Yours (truly/ respectfully/ sincerely)。
通知有书面和口头之别。书面通知的格式为：正文上面正中处写标志Notice或NOTICE；发出通知的日期一般写在左下角，发出通知的单位或个人的名称应写在右下角。口头通知一般包括：称呼语、套语、结束语等。
称呼语：Ladies and gentlemen; Boys and girls; Dear comrades。
套语：1) Attention, please. / May I have your attention, please? / (Please) be quiet!
2) I’ve got an announcement to make. / I’ve got something important to tell you.
结束语：That’s all. Thank you (very much).
便条的格式与书信基本相同，只是一般不写年份，日期可写在正文的右上角或右下角
欢迎（送）词与口头通知类似，一般包括：称呼语；表示欢迎、感谢、问候、祝愿等的用语；正文；结束语（多为感谢语）。常用的欢迎用语有：Welcome to our city…/ Let’s give our warm welcome to… / We feel greatly honoured to have a chance to be with you. / Thank you for accepting our invitation to come to … / We are glad to have the chance to be with … / First of all, allow me on behalf of (代表) sb. to welcome …常用的欢送用语有：Wish you a pleasant journey home and good health. / Convey our best regards and respects to … (向……转达我们亲切的问候和敬意)
3.审要求
有些书面表达题会在词数、用词、人称、时态等方面作出一定的要求，如要求词数在100左右，这样，词数过少或过多都会影响得分；如口头通知应多使用一些口语化的词汇、句型等；再比如日记应使用第一人称，且多使用过去时态等。
例2：假如你是李晓华，住在江城。你的加拿大笔友Bob来信谈到了他所居住的城市，并希望了解你家乡江城的情况。请你用英语写一封回信。回信须包括下表中的内容。
自然情况
① 位于长江边、风景优美、适合居住
成 就
②经济发展迅速
③ 新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等
存在问题
④水、空气污染 ⑤交通拥挤
对江城发展的看法
⑥(内容由考生自己拟定)
注意：
1. 回信中不能使用“江城”以外的地名。
2. 词数：100左右。信的开头与结尾已为你写好，不计入总词数。
3. 参考词汇：经济 economy n.
Dear Bob，
It’s very kind of you to write to me and let me know about your beautiful city. Now I’d like to tell you something about my hometown Jiangcheng.
…
Yours,
Xiaohua
本篇书面表达试题内容是以“文字说明+表格提示”给出的，文字部分提供了写作的要求和体裁；表格部分提供了写作的内容要点。通过审题，可以明确：
1) 体裁：书信，且为给朋友的回信。试题中已经给出信的开头与结尾，故格式问题不需考虑，主要关注内容，即信的正文部分。
2) 内容要点：
a. 江城的自然情况：地理位置、景色、适宜居住；
b. 江城的发展成就：经济发展迅速，新建了不少工厂、住房、道路等；
c. 江城所存在的问题：水、空气污染，交通拥挤；
d. 对江城发展的看法（由考生自己拟定）
3) 时态要求：介绍江城的自然情况时用一般现在时，描述发展成就时用现在完成时，讲述存在的问题时用一般现在时，表达自己的愿望时用一般将来时。
4) 词数要求：100词左右，但不包括所给出的信头和结尾。
2009年高考短文改错命题分析指导（二）
3. 动词方面的错误
1) 谓语动词时态、语态错误主要表现为：动词时态与时间指示不符；并列动词的形式不一致；对主从句之间由于动作发生的时间不一致而出现的时态交错现象处理不当；语态混用错误。如：
① (2008 全国卷Ⅱ )
…since I was familiar with Beijing, I can help visitors find... 81. ______
［简析］was→am。 全篇材料时态为一般现在时，惟独这里为一般过去时，因此需改为一般现在时。
② (2008 四川卷)
When they came here, I will show them around my university and the city as well. 61. _____
［简析］came→come。由will show 的时态可以推出。
③ (2008 全国卷II)
If I have the honor to be chose to work for the 29th Olympic Games… 76. ______
简析］chose→chosen。此处表示“ 被选择”。
2) 非谓语动词运用不当
主要设置下列错误：动词与非谓语动词混用；非谓语动词各种形式混用；不定式多用to 与少用to。同学们应明确不作谓语的动词必须用非谓语形式，而究竟使用何种非谓语形式由非谓语成分而定。当然，同学们还必须牢记不定式不能接to 的场合，以增强识别意识。
A. 谓语与非谓语形式混用
例1 ：(2008 重庆卷)
And there are many meaningful things that are worth think of … 82. ______
［简析］think→thinking。be worth 后面应接v-ing形式。
例2 ：(2008 辽宁卷)
We all enjoyed this precious day greatly, remember the time we spent together and the people we were familiar with. 81. ______
［简析］remember→remembering。此处为状语，谓语形式remember 应改为非谓语形式。
B. 非谓语各种形式混用
例1 ：The story about Growth is my favourite American TV play because it is very interested. (2008重庆卷) 76. ______
［简析］interested→interesting。此处表示“ 有趣的；令人感兴趣的( 电视剧)”。
例2 ：(2008 福建卷)
I am very exciting to learn that you’re coming to Beijing for the Olympics. 76. ______
［简析］exciting→excited。此处不表示“ 令人兴奋的”，而表示“ 感到兴奋的”。 C. 不定式用to 与不用to
例1 ：(2008 陕西卷)
Perhaps someone who wanted see the play would take them. 82. ______
［简析］wanted 后加to。want 后面接不定式作宾语时应带to。
例2 ：(2008 重庆卷)We’d better not to miss the chance... 85. ______
［简析］去掉to。had better 或’d better 后应接不带to 的不定式。
4. “ 平行结构” 类错误
① (2004 全国卷II)
I am thinking of making a trip to London, and visit the British Museum and some…
78. ______
［简析］visit→visiting。并列连词and 连接的两个动词make 和visit 都作介词of 的宾语，故visit 应变为动名词形式。
② (2004 天津卷)
At weekends, we would play basketball, swimming in the pool 81. ______ or go for a picnic.
［简析］swimming→swim。并列连词or 前后应为相同的成分。
5. 连词方面的错误
在高考短文改错中，经常出现大量的并列句和复合句。考点主要涉及并列连词(but, and, so, or等) 和各种从句的引导词的用法及具体含义。这就要求同学们弄清句子之间的关系。有些词既可作连词，又可作介词( 如since, for 等) ；还有一些词( 如during, yet 等) 很容易被误认为连词，而实际上它们却是介词或副词。同时，还要注意一些固定连词词组， 如either ... or…, neither ... nor…, not only…but also…, not…but… 等，注意其中的搭配关系。如：
① (2008 全国卷I)
...there for half a month, visiting places of interest or practicing my English as well.
81. ______
［简析］or→and。句意：在那里待了半个月，参观名胜古迹，同时还练习英语。as well 为提示标志。
② (2008 天津卷)
I have already studied English for eight years, I can’t use it very well.
析： 逗号后加but。两个并列句之间缺少并列连词。
③ (2004 全国卷II)
You can watch your stars while enjoying your favorite music. So then, a concert costs so much. I may just listen to music. 82. ______
［简析］So→But。句意：你可以欣赏音乐，见到你喜欢的明星。但是音乐会的票价太高。由此可判断这里应为转折语气。
④ (2008 安徽卷)
My friend could read some German, but I couldn’t, and I gave her the biscuit bag to find the name. 83. ______
［简析］and→so。此处表示“ 所以”。
⑤ (2004 湖南卷) The teacher wasn’t looking at me, but I copied something ... 82. _____
［简析］but→so。句意：老师没有注意我，所以我趁机抄袭了一点儿。因此这里表示因果关系。
6. 形容词、副词方面的错误
通常是对名词与形容词之间、形容词与副词之间转换的考查。同时，还应明确形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的常用结构，以及比较对象的一致性等。如：
① (2004 全国卷IV)
... trying to steal person information for bad purposes. 82. ______
［简析］person→personal。句意：不怀好意地试图窃取个人信息。由此可判断在名词information 前需用形容词作定语。
② (2008 浙江卷)
I headed for the company, feeling sure I would easy finish 300 envelopes in five hours and earn the money. 82. ______
［简析］easy→easily。finish 为动词，应用副词修饰。
③ (2008 陕西卷)
Then John read some reviews of the play, which all said it was a terribly one!
［简析］terribly→terrible。one 为名词，应用形容词修饰。
7. 介词方面的错误
主要设置多用、少用与误用介词错误和介词宾语表现形式错误。熟悉重要介词的含义与搭配是发现与改正多用、少用、误用介词错误的主要方法。另外，同学们应牢记介词后接人称代词时只能用宾格形式、接非谓语动词时只能用v-ing 形式。
A. 多用、少用、误用介词方面的错误
例1 ： (2008 全国卷Ⅱ )
I will first improve my English so that I can talk easily about foreign visitors. 78. ______
［简析］about→with/to。表示“ 和某人谈话” 应用短语“talk with/to sb.”。
例2 ：(2004 全国卷III)
... and we’ll talk with our plan for the weekend over dinner. 84. ______
［简析］with→about。talk about sb./sth. 表示“ 谈论某人或某事”。
例3 ：(2004 福建卷)
We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about ... 79. ______
［简析］on→in。表示“ 在( 想法、兴趣等) 方面相同” 应用have…in common。__B. 介词宾语表现形式错误
例1 ：(2008 全国卷I)
I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you. 83. ______
［简析］ talk→talking。of 为介词，后面应接v-ing形式作宾语。
例2 ：(2008 浙江卷)
Getting out of the classroom is indeed necessary for we all. 85. ______
［简析］we→us。for 为介词，后面应接宾格人称代词。
8. 冠词方面的错误
主要设置下列错误：表示“ 一……” 时不用a/ an，在不可数名词前却用不定冠词a/an ；表示特指时不用定冠词the，不表示特指时却用the，尤其在某些习惯表达中随便使用冠词the ；不定冠词a 与an 混用，元音发音开头的单词前用a，辅音发音开头的单词前用an。解题时应根据语境逻辑判断相关名词表示特指还是泛指，如表示特指用the ；表示泛指且有“ 一……” 之意，元音发音的单词前用an，辅音发音的单词前用a。如：
① (2008 全国卷II)
Second, I will learn more about history of the Olympics as well as the 2008 Olympic Games. 79. ______
［简析］history 前加the。此处特指奥运会的历史。
② (2008 天津卷)
One day, the school held party… 58. ______
［简析］party 前加a。party 为可数名词，且此处表示“ 一场晚会”，因此前面应用不定冠词a。
③ (2008 辽宁卷)
It was indeed not easy to get in the touch with everybody and set a good time for all of us. 79. ______
［简析］ 去掉the。get in touch with 为固定搭配，表示“ 与……联系”。
9. 句型方面的错误
主要考查there be，it be ... since 以及强调句、倒装句等句型结构。如:
① (2004 天津卷)
It has been five years when we graduated ... 85. ______
［简析］ when→since。此题考查it is/ has been ...since 句型。
② (2004 广东卷)
... once said:“It is us who are to blame for 82. _____ the poverty because we used to‘produce’children without limit.”
［简析］us→we。此题考查强调句型，被强调的是句子的主语。
中学英语语法口诀
英语中有些动词跟不定式作宾语补足语时省去了to，其中诀是：一感二听三让四观看。
一感：feel
二听：hear、listen to
三让：let、have、make
四观看：observe、see、watch、look at
分开“一段时间”， some time表示“一段时间”；
相聚“在某一时”，sometime表示“在某一时”；
“有时”相聚加s，sometimes表示“有时，不时”；
“几次”分开带s，some times表示“几次，次数”。
直引若是一般问，变间if\whether连。语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。
直引若是特殊问，疑问词连接记心间。其余问题挺简单，一切只当一般问。
直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺要紧。 told\asked\ordered,根据口气来选定。告诉人、请人、命令人，后跟to do sth.。若是否定祈使句,not to do后边行。
die of,die of,饥老病冷毒。
君可见die by,弱伤劳过度。
浮生真若梦，一刀便成空。
（注：“浮若梦”即from;“一刀便成空”指死于意外。
只能接-ing分词作宾语的动词：
建议冒险去献身，忍受期待不停顿；
放弃延期悔失去，坚持欣赏实践成；
注意原谅避反对，考虑要求不自禁；
允许习惯不介意，价值开始想动名。
如：建议：advise,suggest,冒险:risk,献身:devote oneself to
定冠词用法小结口诀
a.口诀
1.有水无湖：海、洋、海湾、河等，都用the;单个湖不用the,(但多个湖用the);
the Red Sea,the Pacific Ocean,the
Persian Gulf, the Yangtze River
The Great Lakes(五大湖）；Lake Erie(伊利湖）
2.有球无星：地球，月亮用the;行星不用the: Mars,Venus;
3.有山无峰：The Huangshan
Mountains(黄山）；Mount Everest(珠穆朗玛峰）；
Mount(or Mt.) Tai(泰山）.
4.有独无欧（偶）：独一无二的，the earth,the moon,the sun用the;
欧洲等七大洲不用the.
Europe,Africa,Asia,North America,South
America,Antarctica,Oceania
5.有（足）族无球（运动）：种族用the:the Indians(印第安人)；球类运动
baseball,basketball
6.有文无章：历史性的文件用the;小说等的章节不用the
The Constitution(宪法）; chapter one
7.学而不专：学校放在词组的前面时用the;专有名词放在词组的前面时不用the;
The University of Fudan; Fudan
University
倒装口诀
副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。
否定意义副连词，“既不…也不”须倒装。
表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。
such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。
Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。
had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。
倒装口诀
副词开头要例装，人称代词则如常。
only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。
否定意义副连词，“既不…也不”须倒装。
表语前置主语长，衔接自然常倒装。
such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。
Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。
had，were，should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。
2009年高考短文改错命题分析指导（一）
短文改错题在英语中叫proofreading，即“ 校对式阅读”。它既考查考生对语言的观察及评价能力，又考查在语篇中综合运用语言的能力。题中设置的考点灵活多变，包含的知识层次较多，因此成了令一些考生颇为头疼的题型。但只要我们了解了命题规律、掌握了命题要点，就能轻松地做好这个题型。
英语语法知识难点（一）
II． 例题（一） 形容词和副词
I． 要点
A． 形容词
1、 形容词的用法
形容词是用来修饰、描绘名词的，通常在句中作定语、表语或宾补，有时还可作状语。如：
He is honest and
hardworking.
I found the book
interesting.
某些形容词与定冠词连用表示一类人作主语时，谓语通常用复数形式。如：
The rich and the
poor live in different parts of the city.
The English like to
be with their families.
多个形容词作定语修饰名词的顺序：
冠词+序数词+基数词+性质状态（描述性）+形状大小+新旧老少+颜色+国籍+材料+名词。如： the second five interesting big new red
Chinese wall papers.
2、 形容词比较等级的形式
（1） 规则形式
一般说来，单音节词及少数双音节词在后加-er;
--est 来构成比较级和最高级；其他双音节词及多音节词在前加more,
most.如：
great-greater-greatest
busy-busier-busiest
important-more
important-(the)most important
（2） 不规则形式
good
(well)-better-best
bad
(ill)-worse-worst
many
(much)-more-most
little-less-least
（3） 形容词比较等级的用法
①表示两者的比较，用形容词的比较级+than. 如：
He is cleverer than
the other boys.
This one is more
beautiful than that one.
②表示两者以上的比较，用"the
+形容词最高级（+名词）+of(in) …"如：
He is the cleverest
boy in his class.
③表示两者是同等程度，用"as
+形容词原级+as". 如：
He is as tall as I.
I have as many books
as you.
④ 越… 越…
例如：The more I learn,
the happier I am.
⑤ You can never be too careful. 越小心越好
又如：You can never
praise the teacher too highly.
你怎么赞扬这个老师也不过分。
⑥ I have never spent a more worrying day.
那一天是最令我担心的一天。
I have never had a
better dinner.
这是我吃过的最好的一顿饭。
⑦ My English is no better than yours.
我的英语和你的英语都不怎么样。
B．副词
1、 副词的种类
（1） 时间副词 如：ago, before, already, just, now, early,
late, finally, tomorrow等
（2） 地点副词 如：here, there, near, around, in, out, up,
down, back, away, outside等。
（3） 方式副词 如：carefully, angrily, badly, calmly, loudly,
quickly, politely, nervously等。
（4） 程度副词 如：almost, nearly, much, greatly, a bit, a
little, hardly, so, very等。
2、 副词比较等级的用法
其用法与形容词相似，只是副词最高级前可省略定冠词。如：
Of all the boys he
sings (the) most beautifully.
We must work
harder.
3、 某些副词在用法上的区别
（1） already, yet, still
already表示某事物已经发生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某事发生，主要用于否定句和疑问句；still表示某事还在进行，主要用于肯定句和疑问句，有时也可用于否定句。如：
We've already
watched that film.
I haven't finished
my homework yet.
He still works
until late every night.
（2） too, as well, also, either
too, as well和 also用于肯定句和疑问句，too和as well多用于口语，一般放在句末，而also多用于书面语，一般放在句中与动词连用。either用于否定句和否定的疑问句，往往放在句末。如：He went there too.
He didn't go there
either.
I like you as well.
I also went there.
(3) hard, hardly
hardly意为"几乎"与hard在词义上完全不同。如：
I work hard every
day.
I can hardly
remember that.
(4) late, lately
lately意为"最近、近来"，late意为"晚、迟"。如：
He never comes
late.
Have you been to
the museum lately?
例1 Tom's father
thinks he is already ____
A high enough B tall enough
C enough high C enough tall
解析：该题正确答案是B。修饰人高用tall, 而建筑物的高用high,并且enough修饰形容词要放在形容词后面。因此该题选B。
例2 ____ the worse I
seem to be.
A When I take more
medicine
B The more medicine
I take
C Taking more of
the medicine
D More medicine
taken
解析：该题正确答案为B。"the+形容词比较级+… , the +形容词比较级+…"意为越…，越…。该句意为：吃的药越多，我的病越是加重。
例3"I haven't
been to London yet".
"I haven't
been there ____".
A too B also C either
D neither
解析：该题正确答案为C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither本身意为否定"两者都不"，而C-either则用于否定句中，意为"也"。
例4 Mr Smith was ____
moved at the news.
A deep B deeply C very deep D quite
deeply
解析：该题正确答案为B。A. deep用于副词时，修饰具体的深，如dig
deep,而B-deeply则修饰表示感情色彩的词，如该题为deeply moved.另如deeply regret等。而D-quite和deeply均为副词，不能互相修饰。
（二） 介词
I． 要点
1、介词和种类
（1） 简单介词，常用的有at, in, on, about,
across, before, beside, for , to, without等。
（2） 复合介词，如by means of, along
with, because of, in front of, instead of等。
2、介词和其他词类的习惯搭配关系
（1） 和动词的搭配，如agree with, ask
for, belong to, break away from, care about等。
（2） 和形容词的搭配，如afraid of, angry
with, different from, good at
（3） 和名词的搭配，如answer to , key to,
reason for, cause of, visit to等.
3、介词短语可以有自己的修饰语，这种修饰语通常有right, just, badly,
all, well, directly, completely等少数几个副词。如：
He came right after
dinner.
He lives directly
opposite the school.
4、 某些介词的意义与用法举例
（1） at, on, in（表时间）
表示时间点用at,如at four o'clock, at midnight等；表示不确定的时间或短期假日也用at,如at that time, at Christmas等。
指某天用on, 如on Monday, on the end of November, 指某天的朝夕用on,如on
Friday morning, on the afternoon of September lst等。
指长于或短于一天的时段用in,如in the afternoon, in February, in Summer,
in 1999等。
（2） between, among（表位置）
between仅用于二者之间，但说三者或三者以上中的每两个之间的相互关系时，也用between,
如
I'm sitting between
Tom and Alice.
The village lies
between three hills.
among用于三者或三者以上之间。如：
He is the best
among the students.
（3） beside, besides
beside意为"在…旁边"，而besides意为"除…之外"。如：
He sat beside me.
What do you want
besides this?
（4）in the tree, on the tree
in the tree 指动物或人在树上，而on the tree 指果实、树叶长在树上
（5）on the way, in the way, by the way, in this
way
on the way 指在路上 in the way 指挡道
by the way 指顺便问一句 in this way 用这样的方法
（6）in the corner, at the corner
in the corner 指在拐角内 at the corner 指在拐角外
（7）in the morning, on the morning
in the morning 是一般说法 on the morning 特指某一天的早晨
（8）by bus, on the bus
by bus 是一般说法 on the bus 特指乘某一辆车
II． 例题
例1 Do you know any
other foreign language____ English?
A except B but C
beside D besides
解析：A、B两项except等于but，意为"除了…"，C-beside意为"在…旁边"，不符合题意。而D-besides,
意为"除了…之外，还有"。所以该题正确答案为D。该题意为：除了英语外，你还知道别的语言吗？
例2 He suddenly
returned ____ a rainy night.
A on B at C in D
during
解析：我们均知道，at night这一短语，但如果night前有修饰词，表具体的夜晚，则要用介词on来修饰，故该题正确答案为A。
例3 I'm looking
forward ____your letter.
A to B in C at D on
解析：该题正确答案为A。look forward to 为固定搭配，意为"期望、盼望"。
（三） 连词
I． 要点
1、 连词的种类
（1） 并列连词用来连接并列关系的词、短语或分句，如and,
for, or, both…and, either…or, neither…nor等。
（2） 从属连词用来引导从句，如that,
if, whether, when, after, as soon as等。
除了从属连词（引导状语从句）外，还有其它可以用来引导从句的词类。它们是连接代词和连接副词（引导名词性从句），关系代词和关系副词（引导定语从句）。
2、 常用连词举例
(1)and 和，并且
They drank and sang
all night.
(2) both…and 和， 既…也…
Both my parents and
I went there.
(3) but 但是，而
I'm sad, but he is
happy.
(4) either…or 或…或…， 要么…要么…
Either you're
wrong, or I am.
(5) for因为
I asked him to
stay, for I had something to tell him.
(6)
however 然而，可是
Af first, he didn't
want to go there. Later, however, he decided to go.
(7) neither…nor 既不…也不
Neither my parents
nor my aunt agrees with you.
(8) not
only…but(also) 不但…而且…
He not only sings
well, but also dances well.
(9) or 或者，否则
Hurry up, or you'll
be late.
Are you a worker or
a doctor?
(10) so 因此，所以
It's getting late,
so I must go.
(11) although 虽然
Although it was
late, they went on working.
(12) as soon as 一 …就
I'll tell him as
soon as I see him.
(13) because 因为
He didn't go to
school, because he was ill.
（14）unless 除非，如果不
I won't go unless
it is fine tomorrow.
（15）until 直到…
He didn't leave
until eleven. (瞬间动词用于not… until 结构)
He stayed there
until eleven.
（16）while 当…时候，而 (表示对比)
While I stayed
there, I met a friend of mine. (while后不可用瞬间动词)
My pen is red while
his is blue.
（17）for 因为
He was ill, for he
didn't come. (结论是推断出来的)
（18）since自从…
I have lived here
since my uncle left.
（19）hardly… when 一… 就
I had hardly got to
the station when the train left.
（20）as far as 就… 来说
As far as I know,
that country is very small.
You may walk as far
as the lake. (一直走到湖那里)
II． 例题
例1 John plays
football ____, if not better than, David.
A as well B as well
as C so well D so well as
解析：该题意为：John踢足球如果不比David好的话，那也踢得和David一样好。 和…一样好为as well as. 故该题正确答案为B。
例2 She thought I was
talking about her daughter, ____, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A when B where C
which D while
解析：该处意为"然而"，只有while有此意思，故选D。
例3 Would you like a
cup of coffee ____ shall we get down to business right away?
A. and B. then C.
or D. otherwise
解析：该处意为"或者"，正确答案为C。
英语语法知识难点（二）
（四）动词时态、语态
I． 要点
1、 一般现在时
（1） 表示经常发生的动作或现在存在的状态，常与sometimes, always, often, every day等时间状语连用。如：Sometimes, we go swimming after school.
（2） 表示客观真理、科学事实等。如：The earth goes round the sun.
2、 现在进行时
(1) 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作，常与now, at present等时间状语连用。如：
What are you doing now?
(2) 和always, continually等连用，表一种经常反复的动作，常含有某种情感。如：
He is always doing good deeds.
3、 现在完成时
主要表示动作发生在过去，对现在仍有影响，或动作一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去，常与just, already, so far, once, never 等词连用。如:Have you ever been to Beijing?
4、一般将来时
表示将来某一时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，常与tomorrow, next year等连用。如：
I'll meet you at the school gate tomorrow morning.
We're going to see a film next Monday.
5、一般过去时
表示在过去某一时间或某一阶段内发生的动作或存在的状态，常与yesterday, last year, in 1998, a moment ago等词连用。如：It happened many years ago.
6、过去进行时
表示过去某一时刻或某一时期正在发生的动作。如：
What were you doing this time yesterday?
7、 过去完成时
表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。如：
The train had already left before we arrived.
８、一般过去将来时
表示说话人从过去的角度来看将来发生的动作。如：
He said he would come, but he didn't.
９、被动语态
被动语态的时态，以give为例。
时／式
一般
进行
完成
现在
am
is given
are
am
is being
are
has
been given
have
过去
was
given
were
was
being given were
had been given
将来
shall
be given
will
shall
have been given
will
过去将来
should
be given
would
should
have been given
would
II．例题
例１ I learned that her father ____ in 1950.
A had died B died C dead D is dead
解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。从句中的谓语动词动作虽然发生在主句谓语动词的动作之前，但因从句中有明确的过去时间状语in 1950, 所以不用过去完成时态，而用一般过去时态。
例２ The five-year-old girl ____ by her parents.
A is looked B has looked for
C is being looked for D has been looked
解析：该题正确答案为Ｃ。在带有介词的动词短语用于被动语态句中，介词不能省，否则就变成了不及物动词短语，而不能用于被动语态的句子中。
（五）动词虚拟语气
I． 要点
表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。
１、 虚拟语气的构成
情景
条件从句的谓语动词
主句的谓语动词
与现在事实相反
动词过去式 （be要用were）
should
+动词原形
would
与过去事实相反
had +过去分词
should
+have+过去分词
would
与将来事实相反
１、动词过去时
２、should +动词原形
３、were to +动词原形
should
＋动词原形
would
注：如果条件从句谓语动词包含有were或had, should, could有时可将if省去, 但要倒装。如：
Had you (If you had) invited us, we would have come to your party.
２、 虚拟语气在各种从句的应用
（１） 在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、惋惜、理应如此等，其谓语形式是"should(可省) ＋动词原形"，常用于以下三种句型中。
句型一：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc) that…
句型二：It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc) that…
句型三：It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc) that…
如： It is strange that he (should) have done that.
It is a pity that he (should) be so careless.
It is requested that we (should) be so careless.
（２） 在宾语从句中用于suggest, propose, move, insist, desire, demand, request, order, command等动词后的宾语从句中，表间接的命令和建议。其谓语形式是"(should)+动词原形"。如：
I suggest that we (should) go swimming.
（３） 在表语从句中，表示间接的命令，要求、请求、建议、决定等，主句中的主语通常是suggestion, proposal, request, orders,
idea等。从句谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
His suggestion is that we (should) leave at once.
（４） 在同位语从句中，谓语形式是"(should)＋动词原形"。如：
We received order that the work be done at once.
（５） 在It is time that…句型中，其谓语动词形式是"动词的过去式"或
"should ＋动词原形",should不可省。如：It's time (that) we went ( should go) to
school.
II． 例题
例１ We had hoped that he ____ longer.
A stays B have stayed C stayed D would stay
解析：该题正确答案为Ｄ。had hoped表示"本希望"，同样用法的动词还有think, expect等，后面的句子需用虚拟语气
例２ "Mary wants to see you today".
"I would rather she ____ tomorrow than today."
A comes B came C should come D will come
解析：该题正确答案为Ｂ。would rather后面的从句需用虚拟语气，用动词过去时表示。
例３ Had she been older, she ____ it better.
A had done B might have done C might do D would do
解析：Had she been older = If she had been old. 故该题正确答案为Ｂ。
（六）短语动词
I． 要点
英语中有许多短语动词在意义上是一个整体，其用法有的相当于及物动词，有的相当于不及物动词，有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。英语短语动词的构成主要有以下六种：
（１） 动词＋介词
常见的有look for, look after, send for, care about, ask for, laugh at, hear of
(from), add to, lead to等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后。如：
Don't laugh at others.
I didn't care about it.
（２） 动词＋副词
常见的有give up, pick up, think over, find out, hand in, point out等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，既可放在副词前边，又可放在副词后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则要放在副词前边。如：You'll hand in your homework tomorrow.
Please don't forget to hand it in.
（３） 动词＋副词＋介词
常见的有look down upon, go on with, break away from, add up to, catch up with等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：
All his money added up to no more than $100.
After a short rest, he went on with his research work.
（４） 动词＋名词＋介词
常见的有take care of, make use of, pay attention to, make fun of 等。这类短语动词的宾语只能放在介词后边。如：You should pay attention to your handwriting.
We should make full use of our time.
（５） 动词＋形容词
常见的有leave open, set free, cut open等。这类短语动词的宾语如果是名词，则宾语可放在形容词的前边，也可放在后边；宾语如果是人称代词或反身代词，则必须放在形容词前边。如：
The prisoners were set free.
He cut it open.
（６） 动词＋名词
常见的有take place, make friends等。这类短语动词用作不及物动词。如：
This story took place three years ago.
I make friends with a lot of people.
（7）辨析
give away(让给，暴露) 和 give up（放弃，停止）
put away（放起，收起） 和 put out （扑灭）
turn up（出席，放大） 和 turn on （打开）
keep out（阻止） 和 keep off （不让靠近）
make up（编造，补上） 和 make out（辨认）
take off（脱，起飞） 和 take out（拿出）
II． 例题
例１ It is wise to have some money ____ for old age.
A put away B kept up C given away D laid up
解析：该题正确答案为Ａ。意为"存"；keep up意为"继续"；give away意为"分发"；lay up"贮藏"。例２ Here's my card. Let's keep in ____.
A touch B relation C connection D friendship
解析：该题正确答案为A. keep in touch为短语动词，意为"保持联系"。
例３ ____! There's a train coming.
A Look out B Look around C Look forward D Look on
解析：该题选A. look out 意为"小心"。
（七）动词不定式
I． 要点
１、 不定式的形式。以动词write为例。
式｜语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
to write
to be written
完成式
to have written
to have been written
进行式
to be writing
完成进行式
to have been writing
２、 不定式的句法功能
（１） 作主语
To hear from you is nice.
To be a good teacher is not easy.
不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。如：It's nice to hear from you.
It's not easy to be a good
teacher.
（２） 作宾语
通常用于want, hope, wish, like, need, hate, begin, start, remember, agree, learn,
pretend, refuse, manage, help等词后。如：I forgot to lock the door.
Please remember to write to me.
（３） 作表语
My job is to pick up letters.
He seemed to have heard nothing.
（４） 作定语
不定式作定语时，须放在它所修饰的名词或代词后。如：
I have two letters to write.
I have a lot of work to do.
（５） 作宾补
通常用于want, wish, ask, order, tell, know, help, advise, allow, cause, force等词后。如：
He ordered her to leave at once.
He was forced to obey his order.
（６） 作状语
He got up early to catch the first bus.
He worked hard to catch up with the other students.
（７） 作独立成分
To tell you the truth, I told a lie.
（８） "疑问词＋不定式"结构。 如：
I don't know how to choose them.
I cannot decide where to go.
（9）不定式的否定式。如：
I decided not to go.
（10）不定式的完成式。如：
He seemed to have cleaned the room before I came in.
The boy is said to have been sent to the hospital last week.
（11）too…to 结构。如：
He was too excited to go to sleep.
He was only too glad to go. (他太高兴了，乐意去)
（12）主动表被动。如：
The book is easy to read.
I have a book to read.
II．例题
例１ I haven't got a chair ____.
A to sit B for to sit on C to sit on D for sitting
解析：该题选C。不定式to sit on在句中作定语，修饰名词chair. 因为不定式和它所修饰的名词间是"动宾关系"，所以不定式必须是及物动词，故此处on不能省略。
例2 He was made ____.
A go B gone C going D to go
解析：该题选D。make sb. do sth. 如果是被动形式，不定式do前的to不能省略。
例3 A new factory is ____ very soon.
A to be built B built
C to build D to building
解析：该题选A。is to be built意为"将要被建"。
（八）动名词
I． 要点
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
１、 动名词的形式，以write为例。
式 | 语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
writing
being written
完成式
having written
having been written
否定式 not +动名词
２、 动名词的用法
（１） 作主语
Playing football is my favorite sport.
Travelling with friends at weekend is fun.
作主语的动名词结构复杂且长时，可用it作形式主语。如：
It is fun travelling with friends at weekend.
（２） 作宾语
I enjoy playing PC game.
He gave up writing five years ago.
（３） 作表语
What he hated most was doing nothing.
Seeing is believing.
动名词作表语时，句子的主语常是无生命名词或what引导的名词性从句。
（４） 作定语
There's a dining room in my school.
All the people watching laughed.
（５） 动名词的复合结构"物主代词（或名词的所有格）+动名词"。如：
Tom's going home late made her mother angry.
Would you mind my opening the window?
不过，动名词的逻辑主语在遇到以下情况时，必须用名词的普通格（或人称代词的宾格）。
①无生命名词
The girls were afraid of the door suddenly closing.
Fire burns better by oxygen being at work.
②有生命名词，但表泛指。
Have you ever heard of girls smoking?
③两个以上的有生命的名词并列。
Do you still remember my parents and me coming to see you that day?
3．后面常接动名词的动词和短语
mind, enjoy, finish, consider, practise, magine,
keep, suggest, advise, allow, permit,
be worth doing, be used to doing, be busy doing,
can't help doing, it is no good doing, it is no use doing,
look forward to doing, stick to doing, pay attention to doing,
devote to doing, lead to doing
II．例题
例１ She says she doesn't feel like ____ out with you.
A going B to go C for going D went
解析：该题正确答案为A。 feel like = want, 此处like 为介词，后面要接名词或动名词作宾语
例２ The garden needs ____.
A water B watering C to water D watered
解析：该题正确答案为B。 need = want = require. 如果物作主语，此三者后要接动名词或to be done这一结构作宾语。
例３ Excuse me ____ you.
A interrupting B to interrupt
C interrupted D to have interrupted
解析：该题正确答案为A。excuse 后接动名词作宾语，此句中的me为动名词的逻辑主语（常用于口语中）。
（九）分词
I． 要点
分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容和副词的句法功能。它分为现在分词和过去分词两类。现在分词和过去分词的主要差别在于现在分词有一般式和完成式，过去分词则只有一般式。现在分词表动作正在进行，表主动。过去分词及物动词表动作已经完成，表被动。过去分词不及物动词表动作已经完成，表主动。
过去分词的句法功能：
１、 作定语
I like to read the novel written by Lu Xun.
The woman sitting beside the broken window was a friend of mine.
２、 作表语
When I came into the room, I found the window was broken.
I'm interested in this book.
３、 作宾语补足语
I'm going to have my bike repaired.
When I walked home, I saw the thief caught by the police.
4、作状语
Seen from the top of the mountain, the city looks small.
The teacher came into the classroom, followed by his students.
现在分词的句法功能。
1、作状语
Seeing from the top of the mountain, I found the city was beautiful.
Walking along the street, they suddenly saw him.
2、作宾语
I hate being spoken ill of.
He considered visiting
3、作表语
Seeing is believing.
The book is interesting.
4、作宾语补足语
I noticed him crossing the street.
Mother caught him smoking in the kitchen.
5、作定语
Do you know the man writing a letter?
The worker running a machine is my brother.
分词使用中的几个问题
1、现在分词的完成式
Having cleaned the room, I went out.
2、现在分词的否定式
Not having received any letter, he felt a little worried.
3、现在分词与过去分词的不同
现在分词表示主动、正在，过去分词表示被动、完成
I found the man killed there.
I found the man standing there.
4、have结构
We have the car repaired.
We have repaired the car.
We have Tom repair the car.
We have Tom repairing the car the whole morning.
5、分词作表语
We were excited at the news.
The football game is exciting.
6、独立主格结构
It being a fine day, we went out to visit the park.
II． 例题
例1、Time_______， I'll go on a picnic with you.
A. permit B. to permit C. permitted D. permitting
解析：该题答案为D。 Time permitting…是独立主格结构，意为"如果时间允许的话…"
例2、_______ if he had any bad habit, she replied that he was a heavy smoker.
A. Ask B. To ask C. Asked D. Asking
解析：该题答案为C。主语she是被问。
英语语法知识难点（三）
（十）情态动词与助动词
2009年高考单项填空大练兵（二）
1. ―He says that ten passengers got hurt .
―Not . Only one was hurt.
A. in all; at all B. above all; in all
C. in all; above all D. after all; at all
2. The film that is on air is filmed by a top director in film industry.
A. the; / B. /; the C. the; a D. the; the
3. She had to from work for days to look after her sick daughter.
A. keep away B. leave away C. stay away D. take away
4. In China most men work they’re 60.
A. when B. once C. until D. while
5. The reason he gave me yesterday made me surprised.
A. that B. why C. for which D. in which
6. After living in Paris for 50 years he returned to the small town he grew up as a child.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
7. The basketball match isn’t a recorded one; it is coming from Beijing Workers’ Stadium.
A. lively B. alive C. live D. living
8. Zhang Ziyi gave up dance, to learn acting in the 1990s.
A. determined B. to determine
C. being determined D. having determined
9. The books written by Yang Hongying are and that’s why she is important among children.
A. taking off B. taking away C. taking up D. taking down
10. We the general theory of relativity（相对论） Albert Einstein.
A. depend ... on B. thank ... for
C. owe ... to D. apologize ... for
11. When why he was late for the meeting, Chen Hai gave a good reason.
A. asking B. asked C. had been asked D. was asked
12. I shall never forget the years I lived in the countryside with the farmers, has a great effect on my life.
A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who
13. Few of us were interested in the gifts we yesterday, but we had to it.
A. accepted; accept B. accepted; receive
C. received; accept D. received; receive
14. At present teenagers prefer going to the net bar, they can chat with their friends or play games.
A. when B. which C. who D. where
15. The little boy hung about the entrance all day, for a chance to speak to his favorite star Jackie Chan.
A. to hope B. hoped C. hoping D. and hope
16. ―Why didn’t they keep in touch with each other in those years?
―The reason was that they the communication between each other.
A. advanced B. destroyed C. interrupted D. struck
17. The headmaster told the boy to the angry teacher, but he refused.
A. apologize B. apologizing C. apologize for D. apologize to
18. ―It is bad for him to point at people.
―Yes. I also noticed a certain coldness in his .
A. manner; manner B. manner; manners
C. manners; manner D. manners; manners
19. The opening paragraph could be much better if you those misleading expressions.
A. leave out B. leave behind C. leave for D. leave off
20. I thought the hotel was too expensive. , it was very close to the noisy main road.
A. However B. Except C. Besides D. Still
21. When learning our son won the first prize, we were in high .
A. feeling B. happiness C. spirit D. spirits
22. She failed the test, which was her own ―she didn’t do any work.
A. fault B. opinion C. error D. idea
23. When you treat disabled, you shouldn’t have impolite word.
A. /; a B. the; a C. the; an D. a; an
24. After for his rudeness, the young man felt very happy.
A. forgave B. forgive C. being forgiven D. having forgiven
25. It’s the in Britain for a bride（新娘）to throw her bouquet（花束） to the wedding guests.
A. habit B. rule C. custom D. law
26. The company was willing to provide us with what we needed, made us excited.
A. what B. it C. which D. that
27. ―Do you want beer or wine?
― , I really don’t mind.
A. Neither B. Either C. None D. Nothing
28. is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.
A. It B. As C. That D. Which
29. Recently I bought a new TV set, was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which
C. its price D. the price of whose
30. Mr. Johnson, company I worked two years ago, died of heart disease yesterday.
A. in which B. whose C. in whose D. where
31. ―Let’s go to see a film this afternoon.
― I like it very much.
A. So what? B. What for? C. Why not? D. Why so?
32. His racing bicycle was badly in this competition, so he must have it repaired.
A. ruined B. destroyed C. connected D. damaged
33. A big fire broke out in the hotel last night. Luckily, the firefighters arrived soon and put the fire
control.
A. beyond B. under C. without D. with
34. This Chinese test is too hard. Many of us didn’t pass it, Bob, who is very good at Chinese.
A. included B. including C. include D. to include
35. Wang Liqin, together with some other players, China in the 49th World Table Tennis Championships in Zagreb and won all gold medals.
A. replaced B. recovered C. represented D. recognized
36. We should do all we can the children in rural areas and make sure they all have equal rights to receive education.
A. help B. to be helping C. helping D. to help
37. With modernization of Beijing in the 1980s and early 1990s, many hutongs were to build roads and modern houses.
A. pulled at B. pulled down C. pulled out D. pulled over
38. ―Tom, have you found your pen?
―No. I looked for it everywhere, and at last I .
A. gave in B. gave up C. gave out D. gave away
39. ―Have you heard about the terrorist attack in Iraq?
―Yes, some of the terrorists and the police are questioning them to investigate the reason.
A. are arrested B. have been arrested
C. had been arrested D. will be arrested
40. Inspired by the story of Bill Gates, the two brothers decided to a company of their own.
A. set up B. set down C. set out D. set off
41. To her relief, her son who has been lost for nearly a month arrived home, .
A. tired but soundly B. tiredly but sound
C. tiredly but soundly D. tired but sound
42. Two more pandas, Lele and Yingying were sent to Hong Kong in March, 2007,
made the children there happy.
A. which B. that C. who D. what
43. When the IOC president Samaranch announced the host city of the 2008 Olympic Games, every one their breath and listened attentively.
A. kept B. held C. took D. stopped
44. Since the US attacked Iraq in 2003, many Iraqi cities have been .
A. in rags B. in pieces C. in ruins D. in dangers
45. I think we must set a to the expense of the trip.
A. limit B. speed C. time D. distance
46. If you want to get higher marks, you’d better be more careful you made mistakes.
A. which B. why C. that D. where
47. The Americans and the British speak the same language and a lot of culture and customs as well.
A. exchange B. share C. repeat D. replace
48. ―Is this factory the one you worked ten years ago?
―No, this is the factory produces farming machines in this town.
A. where; where B. where; that C. which; that D. that; where
49. ―Next week I’ll go to England for an English summer camp.
―
A. It’s none of my business. B. Good idea.
C. Wish you a good journey. D. Aren’t you ready?
50. ―Don’t forget to take an umbrella in case it rains.
― .
A. Got it B. Heard it C. Made it D. Guessed it
51. ―I wonder what the population of this city is.
―It is more than one million .
A. in case B. in total C. in time D. in danger
52. It is known that Yi Jianlian has been selected by Milwaukee Bucks in the NBA draft but many people are wondering if he will on this team.
A. turn off B. go off C. take off D. see off
53. Some parents spoil(娇惯) their children. They give their children whatever they want as if they
their children.
A. owned B. owed C. awarded D. raised
54. He suffered a heavy loss, he learned a great deal from the experience.
A. on one hand B. on the other hand
C. however D. although
55. He gave us a(n) description about his visit to Cambridge University.
A. live B. lively C. alive D. living
56. Jack, as well as his friends who fond of football games, traveled with the team.
A. is; has B. are; have C. are; has D. is; have
57. ―Do you know ?
―Yes, it’s Bei Bei.
A. what the name of one of the mascots(吉祥物) standing for prosperity(繁荣) is
B. what is the name of one of the mascots standing for prosperity
C. what the name of one of the mascots stands for prosperity is
D. what is the name of one of the mascots which stands for prosperity
58. Mary came to America in 1990, and it wasn’t long she began to play a key role in a film.
A. before B. since C. after D. while
59. Tom, it’s bad manners to blow your nose at table.
A. the; / B. /; / C. a ; the D. the; a
60. Brazil failed to win the first place in 2006 World Cup, was a surprise to us.
A. what B. which C. that D. it
2009年高考单项填空大练兵（一）
1. ― What’s your opinion of the movie we saw last night?
― _____. It can’t be worse.
A. Really boring B. It was just what I wanted
C. Not too bad D. I have a different view
2. ― You must mix the two chemicals carefully before doing the experiment. Do like this.
― _____ Thank you, Mr. Green
A. I know. B. Got it. C. Beg your pardon? D. Yes, you’re right.
3. ― Are you going to apply for the job in that company?
― Well, _____.
A. go ahead B. it depends C. it’s my duty D. mind your own business
4. ― Shall we go for a picnic this weekend?
― _____.
A. That’s great B. I like it C. It’s very wise of you D. Have fun
5. ― _____
― I’m sorry, but I had something urgent to deal with at that time.
A. What’s wrong with you? B. I really hate waiting.
C. How about a picnic this weekend? D. I don’t think you’re late.
6. _____ around the newly-built school, we were then taken to visit the high-tech industry zone.
A. Having been shown B. Having shown C. To show D. To be shown
7. Mr. Stove, our new English teacher, is said _____ in Hong Kong for three years before he came to our school.
A. to have taught B. have taught C. to teach D. to be teaching
8. The survey _____ in 2006 indicated that most U.S. consumers were unfamiliar with the concept of green and how their actions affected the environment.
A. to conduct B. conducting C. to be conducted D. conducted
9. ― Have you seen Bill anywhere?
― He is said to _____ Lily with her Chinese in the library.
A. be helping B. have helped C. help D. helping
10. After walking for two hours in the valley, we found ourselves _____ by two strangers.
A. following B. followed C. to follow D. have followed
11. I flew all the way to Taiyuan only _____ the meeting was put off and I had to go back.
A. to tell B. to be told C. told D. telling
12. The girl can’t read or write. Who do you think she will _____?
A. have written the letter B. have to write the letter
C. have the letter written D. have write the letter
13. The poor man is in danger. We should do all we _____ him out.
A. can help B. can to help C. can helping D. can to helping
14. Is this factory _____ you went to last week?
A. which B. where C. the one D. that
15. _____ you met with Mr. Green for the first time?
A. When it was that B. Was it on Sunday when
C. When was it that D. Was it that Sunday
16. That is not the book _____ you can find the exact answer.
A. which B. that C. where D. on which
17. Air to us is _____ water is to fish.
A. that B. what C. all that D. as
18. Who would you rather _____ with you to the park, John or Mary?
A. have go B. have to go C. have gone D. had gone
19. Jack won the first prize in the photo competition, _____, of course, made us surprised.
A. that B. which C. what D. this
20. Such teachers as _____ not easily forgotten.
A. he is B. he are C. him is D. him are
21. _____ the flight be out of control, stay calm and listen for instructions from the cabin crew.
A. Should B. Would C. Can D. Might
22. ― John’s child burned himself while playing with fire.
― He _____ have left his child by himself at home yesterday.
A. oughtn’t to B. may not C. must not D. can’t
23. ― Did you hear that Harry went to England for further study?
― Yes, but I don’t know when he _____.
A. leaves B. left C. is leaving D. was leaving
24. Though she was born into a rich family, she was _____ to spend money carefully and save as much as she could.
A. brought in B. brought out C. brought about D. brought up
25. When I was worried about why nobody supported me, he helped me with advice as to how to get my ideas _____.
A. across B. through C. around D. down
26. No one was in the yard, so I called out “Where is everybody?” “In the bathroom,” _____ the reply.
A. passed B. is C. came D. appeared
27. She was an excellent manager and used to having her orders instantly _____.
A. violated B. obeyed C. canceled D. created
28. The oil prices in the international market sharply _____ because demand for energy fell last year.
A. benefited B. decreased C. damaged D. measured
29. ― You are late again!
― But it’s not my fault. The elevator in my building _____ and I was trapped in it.
A. broke out B. broke down C. broke in D. broke off
30. The _____ for the security service of flight is said to have been increased.
A. price B. cost C. charge D. expense
31. He was chairman of _____ temporary government and now has officially been in power.
A. that time B. then C. the then D. the time’s
32. ― The chemical works is said to have been accused.
― Yes, ____ its pouring the waste water into the river without being cleaned.
A. of B. for C. with D. about
33. The researchers built a special container that heated the water at one end and cooled it at _____.
A. other B. another C. others D. the other
34. ― Have you got your paper out of the office?
― No. A(n) _____ was made to open the door, but it was not successful.
A. attempt B. progress C. application D. promise
35. ― I like the Fantasy by Zhou.
― When I first heard the song I knew it would be a _____.
A. hit B. person C. show D. fortune
36. Visiting the Yangtze Three Gorges （长江三峡）was _____ experience I’ll never forget. I was touched by the beauty of _____ nature.
A. a; the B. an; / C. an; the D. the; /
37. Suddenly a stone hit him on ___ head. It was such ___ severe blow that he gave a cry of anger.
A. his; a B. the; a C. his; / D. the; /
38. ― Shall David go to see the movie this evening?
― Not _____ he has finished his homework .
A. since B. once C. if D. unless
39. _____ the unclear statistics, it is clear that advertisers do play a part in the lives of our media.
A. Despite of B. In spite that C. Despite D. Though
40. ― What are you going to do this afternoon?
― I’ll probably go for a walk later on _____ it stays fine.
A. as far as B. so long as C. even if D. as though
41. Ten heads of state and twenty-six heads of government are reported _____ the Seventh Asia-Europe Meeting on Oct. 25.
A. will attend B. have attended C. to attend D. to have attended
42. Great changes _____ in the city, and a lot of factories _____.
A. have been taken place; have been set up
B. have taken place; have been set up
C. have taken place; have set up
D. were taken place; were set up
43. ― Look at the black clouds. It _____ soon.
― Sure. If only we _____ out.
A. is raining; didn’t come B. is to rain; won’t start
C. will rain; haven’t started D. is going to rain; hadn’t come
44. ― Remember the first time we met, Jim?
― Of course I do. You _____ in the library.
A. were reading B. had read C. have read D. read
45. The plane _____ at 7:00 p.m., so I have to be at the airport by 6:40 at the latest.
A. has left B. left C. will have left D. leaves
46. Jack is _____ of an artist.
A. anyone B. someone C. anything D. something
47. ― Is there any picture on the wall?
― _____.
A. Nothing B. No one C. No ones D. None
48. The plane flew smoothly _____ in the sky and people spoke _____ of the experienced pilot.
A. high; high B. highly; highly C. high; highly D. highly; high
49. Can you believe that in _____ a rich country there should be _____ many poor people?
A. such; such B. such; so C. so; so D. so; such
50. How beautifully she sings! I have never heard _____.
A. the better voice B. a good voice C. a best voice D. a better voice
中考英语精选单选题错题100题
1 What do you think ______solve the problem ?
A you can do B can you do C you can do to D can you do to
A to cry; to cry B cry; cry C to cry; cry D cry; to cry
3 The teacher told us that the sun ____in the east.
A rises B rose C raises D raised
4 He lives in a village _____there are a lot of trees.
A there B where C that D which
5 He _________
A married to B has married to C has married D has been married to
6 We need fifteen more people _____our team to do the job.
A but B except C as well D besides
7 They won’t allow us ________ at this beach.
A swimming B to swim C swam D swim
8 Is this factory ______you visited last week?
A that B where C the one D in which
9 The reason ____he was absent from the meeting was ____his car broke down on the way.
A that; because B why; that C that; that D for; that
10 Is the river_____ through that town very large?
A which flows B flows C that flowing D whose flows
11 The teacher told me that the students I wanted to see were seen___ football on the playground just now.
A playing B to be playing C play D to play
12 The red rose is the only one _____I real like.
A which B who C that D whom
13 All the apples _____ fell down were eaten by the pigs.
A those B which C what D that
14 Don’t forget the day ______you were received into the Youth League.
A when B that C at which D where
15 I prefer________ at home to ______outside.
A staying, playing B to stay, play C staying, play D to stay, playing
16 The box is _____what I saw in the shop.
A same as B the same like C the same that D the same as
17 The pen _______she writes letters is broken.
A which B that C with which D by which
18 Would you like to ______us in our discussion.
A take part in B join C taking part in D joining
19 I’m sure the red team will ______the game .
A win B beat C defeat D succeed
20 Ahead of me I saw a woman ____I thought was my aunt.
A who B whom C of whom D whose
21 _____your help, everything in the room is in good order now.
A Since B Because C thanks for D Thanks to
22 He is known to the world and has a lot of friends_______
A in and out of abroad B at home and abroad
C at home and at abroad D in home and out of abroad
23 ---Are you going there with them ?
----If you go,__________.
A I also go B so do I C so I will D so will I
24 -----The flower is beautiful.
---____________
A So is it B So it is C It is so D So it is
25 The number of people invited ____fifty, but a number of them _____absent for
different reasons.
A were; was B was ; was C was; were D were; were
26 We haven’t had any success _______
A before long B so long C by far D so far
27 Travellers ____our country enjoy the beautiful
sights in
many other places of interest.
A for B to C till D by
28 If a man ______succeed, he must work as hard as he can.
A will B should C is going to D is to
29 ----I am sorry I didn’t do a good job.
-----Never mind. ______ you have tried your best.
A Above all B In all C At all D After all
30 The best way to make sure that you can keep fit is to ____healthy eating habits.
A find B create C develop D prepare
31 We have spent _____money on English books .
A a great deal of B a good many C a plenty of D a number of
32 _______met, it won’t be easily forgotten.
A If only B When if C Once D Once you were
33 The differences_____ these two pictures _____ colour are easy to see.
A in, of B from, of C between ,in D of ,in
34 You should put_____ “s” at the end of this word.
A a B / C an D the
35----What’s ______population of
----
A a; the B the; a C /;/ D the; the
36 It`s _______here. We can’t work long hours here.
A very much cold B much cold C much too cold D too much cold
37 _______terrible weather we’ve been having these days!
A How a B What a C How D What
38 ----Have you decided when_____?
-----Yes, tomorrow morning.
A will you leave B to be leaving C are you leaving D to leave
39 The song ____My heart will go on is liked by the young people.
A call B calling C called D to call
40 Train services are now back to ______after three days of typhoon.
A usual B common C ordinary D normal
41 He is the best ____English in our class.
A at B in C for D to
42 The policeman caught hold of the thief and hit him ____the head.
A in the B on his C on the D in his
43 Did John hit Bob _____eye ?
A in the B on the C in his D on his
44There is ____ interesting ____ today’s newspaper.
A anything …in B nothing. .in C something. .on D nothing.. on
45 Has your teacher given you any advice______ your study?
A in B to C on D with
46 It’s bad manners to laugh _____ others when they are _____ trouble.
A at ,in B over ,at C with ,on D to, with
47 Betty doesn’t have enough money to buy that coat. It’s very ___.
The price is too_____.
A high, high B expensive, expensive C expensive, high D high, expensive
48 This kind of glasses manufactured by experienced craftsmen ______comfortably.
A wearing B wear C wears D is worn
49 The diamond is _________.
A very valuable B of great value C great value D A or B
50 Behind the dancer there was a woman _______a large diamond ring.
A carrying B dressing C wearing D having
51 The young teacher who has a ____face can make his classes ____and interesting.
A lovely, lively B lovely, lovely C likely, friendly D ugly, lively
52 They were still _____their friends after their child’s long illness.
A in debt to B in the debt to C in debt with D in the debt with
53 _______, my brother passed the exam.
A To my great joy B To my great surprised C With my joy D With my surprise
54 I am all tears, ____,I am listening to you with all attention.
A in another words B in the other words C with other words D in other words
55 He started early _______he could get there before nine.
A in order that B because C so as to D in order to
56 As you know, whether the person will be elected president is matter of ___interest.
A general B common C ordinary D mostly
57 I _______ by his story that he made up.
A was taken on B was taken out C was taken in D am taken in
58 He didn’t go into detail on the subject ,he spoke ______.
A in general B in particular C in common D in short5
59 We designed the machine _____the purpose _______production.
A for, of increasing B with, of increasing C for, to increase D A or B
60 Hospital doctors don’t go out very often as their work ____all their time.
A takes away B takes in C takes over D takes up
61 We offered him our congratulation ____his passing the entrance exam.
A on B for C with D at
62 My mother _____classical music while I am ____rock music.
A is fond of, in B likes, like C is interested in; into D interests; enjoy
63 We each _____ strong points and each of us on the other hand _____weak points.
A have, have B has, have C has, has D have, has
64 He is one of the students who, I am sure, always do ____ best.
A his B one’s C my D their
65 The police ____determined to bring back the missing boy when his family____almost given hope.
A is, has B are, have C are, has D is, have
66 More than one girl ____ late for class this morning.
A are B is C was D were
67 Many a student _____ in the exam.
A have failed B had been failed C has failed D will be failed
68 What he says and what he does _______.
A is not agree B are not agree C does not agree D do not agree
69 Not only politics but also English is important. In other words , ___is important.
A English, as well as politics B English as well as politics
C both politics and English D politics, as well as English
70 It was at the very beginning____ Mr.Smith made a decision ___we should send for a doctor.
A what, that B that, which C which, that D that, that
71 On the way back home from the ball, she suddenly found her necklace____.
A missed B losing C gone D be stolen
72 He didn’t go to the party not ______the time but _____he was ill.
A because of, because B because, because
C because, because of D because of, because of
73 The teacher gave me a piece of paper________.
A to write on B to be written on C to write in D to be written
74 I can’t believe he could jump _____high.
A very much B such C that D this
75 -----The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?
------_____________.
A I guess not so B I don’t guess so C I don’t guess D I guess not
76 The magazine is ______reading, so he advised me ____it.
A well worth; to buy B very worth; buying
C worthing , buying D worthy, to buy
77 She is on a special _____to lose _____weight.
A food; her B food;/ D diet; her D diet;/
78 Jenny_____ a rich man. She has____ him for 5 years.
A married with; married with B married; married
C married to; been married D married; been married to
79 I am _____hungry. Give me _______of milk.
A a bit; a little B not a little; a bit C little; a lit D not a little; a little
A which; happy B who; happily C who; happy D whose; happily
81 He was about ____when suddenly the telephone rang.
A to leave B to starting C leaving D setting off
82 This task is _____difficult for us. We need ______people.
A much too; another three B too much; other three
C much too; more three D too much; three more
83 He seems to ______to Jane. He knows her well.
A have been introduced B be introduced C have introduced D introduced
84 This is a film ______Spielberg used real actors instead of stunt men.
A which B whose C in which D of which
85 He ____- much of his success and happiness _____his wife and children.
A thanks; to B owes; to C owns; to D thinks; highly of
86 He will never forget the days ______he
spent with you in
A when B that C on which D in which
87 Which sentence is incorrect ?
A I feel interested in classical music B I take interest in classical music
C I am not into classical music D I don’t fond of classical music
88 No one likes _______in _____public.
A to be laughed at; the B laughing at; the
C being laughed at; / D to be laughing at; /
89 We are considering _______a sports meet next month.
A to hold B holding C to be held D as holding
90 Which sentence is incorrect?
A He devoted himself to the work of children’s health care.
B He is devoted to his work.
C He devoted all his life to work hard in people’s interests.
D He is determined to make more money for his family.
91 He doesn’t like classical music and_______ I .
A so do B nor do C or do D nor am
92 Friends should ______happiness and sorrow _____each other.
A share, with B solve, with C share, from D share, to
93 ---I missed the first part of the film .It was really a pity.
----You ________home half an hour earlier.
A should have left B must have left C should leave D must leave
94 The storm died away at last with the golden waves ____the shore in peace.
A beaten B beat C to beat D beating
95 The whites are ___holiday ,but I don’t know where they have gone __their holidays.
A in ,for B on ,for C for, in D at, on
96 The river ____are covered with trees is very long.
A which banks B of which banks C whose the banks D the banks of which
97 She likes to use words ______clear to her.
A of which the meaning B of which meaning
C whose of meaning D meaning of which
98 The price of this washing machine has been increased ____15%.
A up B to C by D from
99 _____someone’s health, you raise your glass.
A Drink to B To drink to C If you drink D If drink to
100 Please ______me about the interview____ I forget.
A remind; in case B remember; in case
C remember, in case of D remind of; in case of
上海市交大附中08-09学年高三下学期摸底考试
语 文
（满分150分，150分钟完成，答案一律写在答题纸上）
命题：潘晓雯 审核：陈雄
一 阅 读（80分）
（一）阅读下文，完成1―5题。（15分）
青 花 字 陈鹏举
①青花又称白地青花瓷器。青花字原是写在瓷坯上的，写了后施釉，再烧成瓷器。字在釉下，也是釉下彩了。青花字见得最多的是官窑上的年款，譬如康熙、雍正和乾隆年款。现在仿品大都沿用“大清乾隆年制”的字样。乾隆是青花盛世，从年份的长久和形制的完备在康雍乾三代中也是到了顶峰的。而且乾隆可能更有后世的人缘，所以要仿青花瓷，自然以乾隆为先了，只是瓷器到底是无法仿的。譬如这款，当时是由专人写的，是具有个人情怀的极好的楷书，很难仿。明代成化年青花出奇地淡雅，它的官窑落款，也是极淡雅的字，内里是少有的丰茂，看上去却弱不禁风。好些年前，有个鉴赏家，特地给我看一个成化青花盘。这盘是碎成了几瓣重新粘起来的。他让我辨一下真伪。说实话我眼力不到，还好看到了底部“大明成化年制”六字款，说它是赝品了，理由是只要看“成”字的一笔折勾，就能看透写这款的人内心的生硬了。鉴赏家很吃惊，因为这盘仿得很到位，瞒过好几个行家了。想不到不是在胎在釉在青花在画工，而是在字上出了问题。其实该吃惊的是，这问题很致命。原先一个无名的窑工所具有的素养，现在连鉴赏家也难得具备了。制陶制瓷，还有竹刻石刻之类，现在都被称之为“工艺美术”，言下之意就是比艺术低下一等。然而在古人那里呢？人家才不分艺术和工艺美术。因为那时的人都很艺术，他们出手的东西，很难做成不艺术。这就是“成化”的“成”字的那一折勾，足以露馅的缘故。
②由青花字说到以往的窑工，就不免要说到民窑瓷上的窑工随意书写的青花字。这是我心仪的青花字。民窑瓷上的譬如“福”、“寿”、“百子百孙”之类的青花字常见，因为写法不一，都好看。有次见到一个明代天启年的青花小碟，碗沿有四坨青花，初以为是字，再看像花了，再三看又像字。喜欢煞了，匀来放在了案上，写字时，拿它舀水磨墨。在当年的福佑路地摊，买到一个瓷砚，20多厘米直径，圆得清秀。难得的是背面有两片长长的青花字，竟是两个谜面。不是古板的七言、五言，而是《红楼梦》里“贾不假白玉为堂金作马。东海缺少白玉床，龙王来请金陵王”那样的句式。这字很开怀的样子，看得出写它的人，心里很快活。后来猜出来了，打的两个字分别是“嘉”和“宝”字。这瓷砚应该是乾嘉时候的，很喜欢。后来不知搁哪里了，至今不知还在不在。也是十来年前，还在地摊上找到一个磁州窑的壮罐。这回不是青花字，是褐色釉写的字。竟然写的也是谜语。这字写得更自在了，还是喜欢，就把兜里的钱全翻出来，把它抱回家去。字是下面这些：“一物生来兄弟多，先生兄来复生哥。生下兄弟顶门市，有了大事问哥哥。打一字。”见到不知名的往日窑工随意留下的谜面，一时懵了。于是在本刊上征求谜底。竟然纷纷猜错。后来是一个有着学龄前女儿的家长来信了，说这个谜面，在他女儿的幼儿磁盘里有，谜底是“牙”。于是赶忙刊登，和感了兴趣的读者，一起向幼儿看齐。
③前些天在朋友的店铺里，见到一个康熙时的瓷钟，高
（选自
1.第①段“这问题很致命”一句中“致命”在文中的意思是 。（2分）
2.第②段中列举两则谜语的用意是 。（2分）
3.从全文看，窑工出色的素养主要表现在：⑴ ⑵ （4分）
4.以下对文意理解正确的一项是：（ ）（3分）
A.青花字就是青花，青花字是指窑工写的字。
B.要仿青花瓷就要以乾隆为先，是因为乾隆有后世的人缘。
C.最多见的青花字是官窑上的年款，但并非是作者心仪的。
D.民窑瓷上的青花字写的都是谜语。
5.根据全文意思，用简洁的文字介绍“青花字”。（80字以内）（4分）
(二)阅读下文，完成6～12题。（22分）
美 生 灵 张炜
①暮色中，河湾里落满云霞，与天际的颜色混合一起，分不清哪是流云哪是水湾。一群羊正在低头觅食。这些美生灵自由自在地享受着这个黄昏。这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。如果走近了，会发现它们那可爱的神情，洁白的牙齿，那丰富而单纯的表情。如果稍稍长久一点端详这张张面庞，还会生出无限的怜悯。
②没有比它们更柔情、更需要依恋和爱护的动物了。它们与人类有着至为紧密的关系，它们几乎成为所有食肉动物腹中之物，特别包括了人类。它们被豢养，被保护，却要为之付出生命的代价。它们只吃草，生成的却是奶、是最后交出的肉体。它们咩咩的叫声，可以呼唤出多少美好的情愫。它们那神秘的、不可理解的互相倾诉和呼唤，那由于鸣叫而微微开启的嘴巴、上皱的鼻梁都让人感到一个纯洁的生命的可爱。
③它们像玉石一样的灰蓝色眼睛，一动不动地看着你，直到把你看得羞愧，看得不知所措。
④人在这种美生灵面前，应该更多地悟想。人一生要有多少事情要做，要克服多少障碍，才能走到完美的彼岸。这遥遥无期的旅程，折磨的恰是人类自己的灵魂，而不仅仅是这一类生灵。人类一天不能揩掉手上的血迹，就一天不会获得最终的幸福。这是人类的全体未曾被告知的一个大限、一个可怕的命数。在这个命数面前，敏慧的心应该有所震栗。
⑤温柔和弱小常被欺辱，可是生命的无可企及的美却可以摧毁一切。它最终仍然具有威慑力和涤荡力。
⑥三只小羊跟在它们的母亲身边，那种稚声稚气的咩咩声至为动人，它们的母亲对它们的呼叫几乎充耳不闻。它需要抓紧时间摄取更多养料，以便生成奶水来饲喂它们。它知道这些撒娇声，这嗲声嗲气的求告呼喊没有多少要紧。三个孩子没有使母亲注意它们，最后就自觉无聊地在一块儿戏耍起来，像赌气似的，离母亲尽可能远一点，用有些笨拙的、粗粗的、像木棍一样的前腿去踢踏绿草；或者是瞅准一个踽踽前行的小甲虫，用毛烘烘的嘴巴去触碰，打一个不为人知的小喷嚏……这样的把戏玩了一会儿重又无趣起来，它们就一块向着远方奔跑，一蹿一蹿的，那是学着大羊们奔跑的样子。它们一口气跑到了河边。最后它们返回，从几只大羊的空隙中站直起来――它们想起了母亲，立刻惊慌失措地呼叫起来。它们的母亲也在寻找孩子――它们一抬头发现孩子们不见了。母亲的叫声比小羊的叫声要粗重有力多了。这遥遥相对的呼应此起彼伏，渐渐惊动了群羊。所有的羊都昂头发出了叫声，帮一个母亲或三个孩子。后来它们三个重新回到母亲身边，羊群才又开始寻找食物。
⑦羊们几乎毫无侵犯性，全身都蓄满了阳光。它们把这温暖和热量分赠人类，人类却对这宝贵的馈赠毫无感谢之情。他们已经习惯于从羸弱的生命里索取和掠夺，因为他们自己在同类中也常常这样去做。比起很多更弱小的生命来，人类几乎不懂得羞愧。他们更多的时间像羊一样吃草，有机会却要放下草吃羊。他们常常奢谈自然界的所谓“食物链”，却从来不研究自己与其他动植物所构成的“食物链”。在整个神奇宇宙的生命链条中，人类构成了多么可怕的一环。作为某些个体，他们不乏优秀的悟者；作为群体，他们却是无知的莽汉。他们在把整个星球推向毁灭的边缘，却又沾沾自喜地夸耀和骄傲……
⑧暮色苍茫中，这一群美生灵被霞光勾勒出一片剪影。它们驮着所剩无几的光明踽踽而行。在这生命进化的历史上，它们的确是一些跨过了漫长世纪的苍老的生命，它们也许懂得太多太多：关于这个星球、关于漫漫时光、关于生命的奥秘。
⑨原来它们颔下垂挂的那一缕胡须，远远不是什么滑稽的标志，而是某种深刻的象征。它们正因为对这个世界知晓得太多了，才这样听天由命。
⑩它们从来都没有停止去做的，就是用自己弱小的身躯，每天驮回最后一缕阳光。
6. 第①节中“生出无限的怜悯”的原因是： （2分）
7. 综观全文，概括将羊称作“美生灵”的主要理由：（3分）
⑴ ⑵ ⑶
8.第③节中“它们像玉石一样的灰蓝色眼睛”运用 修辞手法，主要作用是 。（3分）
9.第④节末尾句中的“这个命数”具体指的是： （2分）
10.第⑦段写到：“作为某些个体，他们不乏优秀的悟者；作为群体，他们却是无知的莽汉。”联系上下文看，人类的无知表现在哪些方面？（3分）
⑴ ⑵ ⑶
11. 请就第⑥小节描写的某一特点作简要赏析(60字以内)。（3分）
12.对文章分析正确的两项是：（ ）（ ）（6分）
A. 这篇记叙性散文探讨的是如何尊敬自然，善待生灵，与自然构成亲密关系的问题。
B. 文章开头写一群羊黄昏时分在河边觅食，如诗如画，又以“驮回阳光”作结，首尾呼应，结构圆合。
C. 本文感情基调明朗，直接赞美羊的那种毫无侵犯性的奉献精神，同时委婉含蓄地批判了人类的野蛮索取和掠夺行为。
D. 本文感悟独特、思考深刻，所谈的是人类自身的美丑、人类自我拯救的问题，很有现实意义。
E. 本文感情真挚，立场鲜明，在赞美羊的奉献精神的同时，批判了除羊之外的包括人类在内的其他生灵的丑恶，发人深省。
F. 本文运用了比喻、拟人、对比、夸张等多种修辞手法，刻画羊的形象，表现对羊的怜悯之情。
（三）填写下列名篇名句中的空缺（每空必填）。（6分）
13．
⑴香雾云鬟湿， 。（杜甫《月夜》）
⑵三山半落青天外， 。（李白《登金陵凤凰台》）
⑶雾失楼台，月迷津渡， 。（秦观《踏莎行•郴州旅舍》）
⑷落日楼头， ， 江南游子。（辛弃疾《水龙吟•登建康赏心亭》）
⑸ ，善假于物也。（荀子《劝学》）
⑹彼童子之师，授之书而习其句读者， 。（韩愈《师说》）
⑺人有悲欢离合， ，此事古难全。(苏轼《水调歌头》)
⑻晓来谁染霜林醉？ 。(王实甫《西厢记》)
（四）阅读下面的一首宋词，完成第14―16题。（8分）
踏莎行
欧阳修
候馆梅残，溪桥柳细，草薰风暖摇征辔。离愁渐远渐无穷，迢迢不断如春水。
寸寸柔肠，盈盈粉泪，楼高莫近危阑倚。平芜尽处是春山，行人更在春山外。
14．欧阳修，字永叔，谥号 。我们在高中教材中学过他的文章《 》（2分）
15．下面对于本词的分析，不正确的一项是：（ ）（3分）
A．作者以对句开篇，通过候馆、溪桥点明旅途，通过梅残、柳细点明时令，在读者眼前展现了一幅初春的景色。
B．接着，作者写草薰、风暖、水绿，通过对美好春光的描写，来反衬行人的离愁别绪，使抽象的情感变成具体的形象。
C．下阕变换角度，行人由自己感到离愁的无穷无尽，推想到居家的爱人也一定相同，进而将离愁别绪抒发的淋漓尽致。
D．这首词通过对行人旅途中所见所感和居家爱人登楼远眺的心情的描写，细腻地表现了一个女子的离愁别绪。
16．本词艺术手法运用很有特色，请从虚实结合的角度写一段赏析文字。（3分）
（五）阅读下文，完成第17-21题。（16分）
李贺字长吉，系出郑王后。七岁能辞章，韩愈、皇甫?始闻未信，过其家，使贺赋诗，援笔辄就如宿构，自目曰“高轩过”，二人大惊，自是有名。为人纤瘦，通眉，长指爪，能疾书。每旦日出，骑弱马，从小奚奴，背古锦囊，遇所得，书投囊中。未始先立题然后为诗，如他人牵合课程者。及暮归，足成之。非大醉、吊丧日率如此，过亦不甚省。母使婢探囊中，见所书多，即怒曰：“是儿要呕出心乃已耳！”以父名晋肃，不肯举进士，愈为作《讳辩》，然卒亦不就举。辞尚奇诡，所得皆警迈，绝去翰墨畦径，当时无能效者。乐府数十篇，云韶诸工皆合之弦管。为协律郎，卒年二十七。与游者权璩、杨敬之、王恭元，每撰著，时为所取去。贺亦早逝，故其诗歌世传者鲜焉。
（节选自《新唐书•文艺下》）
17．写出下列加点词在句中的意思。（4分）
⑴每旦日出 （ ） ⑵如他人牵合课程者（ ）
⑶非大醉、吊丧日率如此 （ ） ⑷当时无能效者（ ）
18．下列句中“为”用法与其他三项不同的一项是：（ ）（2分）
A．愈为作《讳辩》 B．时为所取去
C．为协律郎，卒年二十七 D．君为我呼入
19．把下列句子译成现代汉语。（6分）
（1）援笔辄就如宿构，自目曰“高轩过”。
（2）及暮归，足成之。
20．李贺“卒亦不就举”的原因是（用自己的话回答） 。（1分）
21．本文叙写李贺的生平事略，突出了他的哪些与众不同之处？（3分）
（六）阅读下文，完成第22―26题。（13分）
李 斯 论（节选） 姚鼐
①苏子瞻谓李斯以荀卿之学乱天下，是不然。秦之乱天下之法，无待于李斯，斯亦未尝以其学事秦。
②当秦之中叶，孝公即位，得商鞅任之。商鞅教孝公燔①《诗》、《书》，明法令，设告坐②之过，而禁游宦之民。因秦国地形便利，用其法，富强数世，兼并诸侯，迄至始皇。始皇之时，一用商鞅成法而已。虽李斯助之，言其便利，益成秦乱。然使李斯不言其便，始皇固自为之而不厌，何也？秦之甘于刻薄而便于严法久矣，其后世所习以为善者也。
③斯逆探③始皇、二世之心，非是不足以中（zhòng）侈君而张④吾之宠，是以尽舍其师荀卿之学，而为商鞅之学；扫去三代先王仁政，而一切取自恣肆以为治。焚《诗》、《书》，禁学士，灭三代法而尚督责，斯非行其学也，趋时而已。设所遭值⑤非始皇、二世，斯之术将不出于此，非为仁也，亦以趋时而已。
④吾谓人臣善探其君之隐，一以委曲变化从世好者，其为人尤可畏哉！
注释：①燔：焚烧 ②告坐：被告发而连坐 ③逆探：预先了解 ④张：扩大，扩张 ⑤遭值：遇到、碰上
22.文章批驳了一位名家的观点，那位名家的观点是：（用自己的话回答）（1分）
23.下列说法符合文意的一项是：（ ）（3分）
A.商鞅教唆秦孝公禁止官员和民众打成一片。
B.秦国祸乱天下的办法主要是由李斯设计的。
C.秦国乐于实施严法是久已习惯并感觉良好。
D.李斯助秦始皇焚书坑儒源于他的师门传授。
24.作者认为秦始皇是怎样一个人，文中最能体现这一认识的一个字是 。（2分）
25.文章第②段和第③段分别论述的观点是（用文中的话回答）（4分）
第②段论述
第③段论述
26.作者写作《李斯论》的用意是什么？（3分）
二 作 文 （70分）
27．阅读下面的文字，按要求作文。
⑴87岁的中国画家
⑵也有人说“重复是成功之母”，意大利著名画家达芬奇不就是从一次次画蛋中走向成功的吗？
要求：请联系实际写一篇不少于800字的文章，题目自拟。
上海交通大学附属中学2008-2009学年度第二学期
高三语文摸底试卷答题纸
一 阅 读（80分）
（一）阅读下文，完成1～5题。（15分）
1.
2.
3.（1） （2）
4.（ ）
5.
(二)阅读下文，完成6～12题。（22分）
6.
7.⑴ ⑵ ⑶
8.
9.
10.⑴ ⑵ ⑶
11.
12.（ ）（ ）
（三）填写下列名篇名句中的空缺（每空必填）。（6分）
13.⑴ ⑵
⑶ ⑷
⑸ ⑹
⑺ ⑻
(四)阅读下面的宋词，完成14～16题。（8分）
14． （2分）
15．（ ）（3分）
16．（3分）
(五)阅读下文，完成17～21题。（16分）
17．⑴（ ） ⑵（ ） ⑶（ ） ⑷（ ）
18．（ ）
19．⑴
⑵
20．
21．
（六）阅读下文，完成第22―26题。（13分）
22.
23. （ ） 24.
25.第②段论述
第③段论述
26.
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