6．(四川省绵阳南山中学高2009届双学月考)（Ⅰ）
1918年，Lewis提出反应速率的碰撞理论：反应物分子间的相互碰撞是反应进行的必要条件，但并不是每次碰撞都能引起反应，只有少数碰撞才能发生化学反应。能引发化学反应的碰撞称之为有效碰撞。
⑵ 20世纪30年代，Eyring和Pelzer在碰撞理论的基础上提出化学反应的过渡态理论：化学反应并不是通过简单的碰撞就能完成的，而是在反应物到生成物的过程中经过一个高能量的过渡态。
7. 一定条件下，体积为10L的密闭容器中，1mol X和1molY进行反应：
A. 若升高温度，X的体积分数增大，则该反应的
B. 将容器体积变为20L，Z的平衡浓度变为原来的
C. 若增大压强，则物质Y的转化率减小
D. 以Y浓度变化表示的反应速率为
1. 书面表达热点预猜
假设你是李红，你的一位美国笔友Robert写E-mail问及你高考后暑假的安排，请根据以下要点，写一封100词左右的email回复他, 可以适当增加细节。
1. 学开车 2. 参加英语培训课程
3. 去北京看奥运会 4. 游览北京的名胜
注意：1.根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯.2.要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思；3. 词数：100个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。
Dear Robert,
How time flies!
_____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
【命题方向与写作提示】高考英语书面表达写作素材都是与中学生的日常生活相关的话题，会避免出现考生不熟悉的话题，也不会出现农村或城市学生不熟悉的话题，注重考查考生的语言表达能力。本篇素材考查书信体裁的作文，是应用文的写作，话题涉及社会热点：北京奥运会，内容与中学生的实际生活相关：高考后暑假的安排，体裁是书信体的电子邮件。写作要点包括：1）问候；2）引入话题：高考临近，高考后的安排；3）学开车；4）参加英语培训课程；5）去北京看奥运会；6）游览北京的名胜；7）结束语。
【写作提示】书面表达一定要注意要点齐全，写作中要注意适当增加细节以使上下文连贯，并使用一定数量的句式结构。
范文 (One possible version)
Dear Robert:
How time flies! The happy days we shared often shines in my memory.
What about you? As you know, my college entrance exam is approaching, which
also announces the end of this sort of pressing study life. However，I intend to have a meaningful summer vacation. First, I will learn
to drive to get a driving license, which is a new activity for a high school
graduate in China. I will have a good rest, enjoying my hobbies. Then I will
take some English courses to improve my English communication ability, With the
2008 Olympics beginning, I will be a participant of it, watching the basketball
match between China and the US. I have been dreaming of Kobe’s performance
long. After that, I will pay a visit to some tourist attractions to widen my
horizon.
That is the plan for my vacation. I am looking forward to being told
about your arrangements of vacation. Give me your quick reply soon, OK?
Best wishes!
2. 书面表达热点预猜（2）
如今世界粮食短缺，价格飞涨，给部分地区造成社会动荡。假设在你校开展的研究性学习中，你们小组以“World Food Crisis”为题进行研究，现在请你代表你们小组向全体同学简要介绍你们的研究成果。主要内容如下：
造成的原因 1. 气候变化，造成粮食减产
2. 工业发展，城市化加速，耕地减少
3. 世界能源价格上涨，使用粮食生产生物燃料
应对的措施 1. 注重环保，改善生态
2. 严格保护耕地
3. 富国支持穷国，促进世界和谐
你如何做出
自己的贡献 1．……
2．……
注意：1. 内容包括以上要点，但不要逐句翻译
2. 字数150左右，文章开头已提供，不计入总词数
3. 参考词汇：城市化 urbanization 生物燃料 biofuels
Hello, everyone,
Now I’ll tell you something about our research project The World
Food Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many
countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas. ______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
【命题方向与写作提示】这是一篇提纲式的议论文写作素材，探讨国计民生的社会热点话题：粮食价格上涨。写作时要注意避免逐句翻译，并适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
范文 (One possible version)
Hello, everyone,
Now I’ll tell you something about our research project The World
Food Crisis on behalf of our group. As you know, food shortages have hit many
countries in the world and even caused social unrest in some areas. But who is
responsible for the current world food crisis? First, annual world grains
output has declined because of climate change. Then lots of farmland has been
lost due to the rapid development of industry and urbanization. Besides, faced
with the rising energy prices, people have turned to the production of biofuels,
which has worsened the severe situation.
Then what should we do to deal with the problem? On one hand, we
should focus on the environmental protection and improve the ecology. On the
other hand, strict measures should be taken to protect farmland. Of course, to
build a harmonious world the developed countries should take their
responsibilities to help the poor ones experiencing food shortage.
As for me, I will call on the
people around me to live thriftily. And for the moment, I think, we should study
hard to develop science and help solve the food shortage in the future.
3. 书面表达热点预猜（3）
下表是某校关于中学生双休日活动现状的一份调查，请结合表格内容，用英语写一篇120―150单词的短文，就中学生应如何过双休日发表你的看法。
学习情况 几乎都在学习 半天学习半天活动 几乎都在做其他事情
16% 24% 60%
娱乐休闲 体育活动 游玩和购物 上网看电视
20% 40% 40%
去图书馆 经常 偶尔 几乎没有
5% 23% 72%
课外兴趣小组 经常 偶尔 不参加
10% 20% 70%
范文 (One possible version)
This form displays the
result of a survey on how to spend students’ weekend. It says that few students
are glued to their schoolwork any more. Instead, they prefer to surf on the
internet, watch TV, go shopping rather than involve in sports games. Library
and interest groups are available but not favourable.
Personally I think,
students are now freed from heavy burden but their spare time is not well
arranged. They are expected to spend some time on what they learn instead of
hanging out. More time should be spent not only on green field but also in the
libraries to build up themselves physically and mentally. Besides, more
interest groups should be established for students to widen their horizon and
sharpen their brains so that they can become more creative eventually. All
these will contributes a lot to a well-informed and highly qualified teenager.
In conclusion, students
should be more scheduled with colorful and fruitful activities.
4. 书面表达热点预猜（说明文）
假如你是李明，你发现部分同学每次遇到重要考试，都会出现一些焦虑症状。请你用英语写一封信，向某学生英文报编辑反映该问题。信的内容应包括下列要点：
焦虑症状 建 议
头晕、乏力、睡眠不好、食欲不振等 1．考前制定好合适的复习计划
2．考试期间正常作息
3．睡前洗热水澡、喝热牛奶等有助于睡眠
其他建议(内容由考生自己拟定)
注意：1.根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
2.要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思；
3. 词数：100个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。
参考词汇：头晕―dizzy(adj.)
Dear editor,
I’m Li Ming of Senior
Three, Guangming Middle School. I’m writing to tell you about some symptoms of
anxiety among us students before exams. __________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Li Ming
范文 (One possible version)
I am Li Ming of Senior
Three, Guangming Middle School. I am writing to tell you about some symptoms of
anxiety among us students before exams.
Most of us feel nervous
whenever we’re taking an important exam. Some will feel dizzy or tired, some
will suffer from lack of sleep, and some will lose their appetite. In fact, all
these symptoms have terrible effects on our exams and we are all eager to get
rid of them.
First of all, in my
opinion, it’s important for us to have a fight attitude towards exams. They are
only a means of checking how we are getting along with our studies, so there is
no need to worry too much about the results. Study hard every day and make
careful plans for every exam. In this way we can avoid suffering from the
pressure of exams.
Besides, enough sleep can
make us energetic and enable us to perform well in an exam. Therefore, during
the period of exams, we should not stay up too late. We can also try a warm
bath or a cup of warm milk before going to bed. They might help us to have a
sound sleep.
(We’d better go out for a
walk or do some outdoor exercises before and during an exam so that we can keep
ourselves relaxed and then concentrate ourselves on exams.)
5. 书面表达热点预猜（5）
在紧张的高三备考阶段，英语老师为了提高复习效率，广泛征求学生意见。假如你叫张华，请根据以下提示，给英语老师写封信，表达你们的需求和建议。
●适当放慢进度，留出思考时间
●反复训练重要、易错知识点
●指导方法
●减少作业量以保证质量
●给予更多鼓励
注意：1.根据以上内容写一篇短文，不要逐句翻译，可适当增加细节以使行文连贯。
2.要准确使用语法和词汇；使用一定的句型、词汇，清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思；
3. 词数：100个左右。开头已给出，不计词数。
Dear Mr. Wang,
We’re so pleased that you
are willing to share our views.
In the course of the
general revision, what we need is solid foundation.________________
范文 (One possible version)
Dear Mr. Wang,
We’re so pleased that you
are willing to share our views.
In the course of the
general revision, what we need is solid foundation. As you know, we didn’t
learn well enough in the first two years, so please slow down and make sure we
have really mastered something. Besides, we need a little more time to think
for ourselves. As for those important points which also make us confused, would
you please give us more practice in case we forget? Meanwhile, we need your instruction,
for example, in how to write in natural English. I still have another request:
assign us less homework in order that we can do it more efficiently.
By the way, we often feel
frustrated, which has a very bad effect on our study. We would appreciate it if
you would give us some encouragement from time to time.
6. 书面表达热点预猜（记叙文，图表作文）
假如你是中学生李华，你校同学上周末刚举行了一次英语演讲比赛，请根据下表内容，用英语写一封信给远在美国的笔友John，介绍这次活动的情况。
时间 地点 演讲者 评委 观众
上周六上午 学校操场 每班2名选手，共20人 5位英语
试题详情
阅读理解 人物故事类押题
【押题1】Would you believe that the first outstanding
deaf teacher in America was a Frenchman? His name was Laurent Clerc. He became
a friend of Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet and together they founded America's
first school for the deaf.
Laurent Clerc was born in a small
village near Lyons, France, on December 26, 1785. When
he was one year old, he fell into a fire, losing both his hearing and his sense
of smell.
At 12, Laurent entered the Royal
Institution for the Deaf in Paris
where he excelled in his studies. After he graduated, the school asked him to
stay on as an assistant teacher.
Meanwhile, in America, Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet
was studying to be a minister. He was very concerned about the lack of
educational opportunities for the deaf. Therefore, in 1815, Gallaudet sailed to
London, England to seek ideas on how to
teach deaf people. While he was there, he met a French educator of the deaf who
invited him to go to Paris
to spend three months learning at the Royal Institution for the Deaf, the school
where Laurent Clerc was teaching. Gallaudet accepted the offer. The two worked
and studied well together. When the time came for Gallaudet to return, he asked
Clerc to come with him. Clerc accepted on one condition: that he would stay in America
only a short time.
The two men set sail on June 18,
1816. The voyage across the Atlantic Ocean
took 52 days; however, Clerc and Gallaudet put the time to good use. Clerc
studied English, and Gallaudet studied sign language. They discussed the school
for the deaf which they planned to open. On the long trip, they had many
conversations about education and deafness. The year after they arrived, they
founded a school for the deaf in Harford,
Connecticut.
At the school, Clerc led a busy
life. He taught signs to Principal Gallaudet; he taught the pupils; and he
taught hearing men who came to the school to study deaf education.
In 1819, Clerc married Eliza
Crocker Boardman, one of his pupils. They had six children. He retired from
teaching in 1858. Although he had intended to return to France, he never did. He died on
July 18, 1869 in the United
States.
1. Why
did Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet sail to London?
A. He needed to finish his studies
to become a minister.
B. It was the easiest way to get
to France.
C. He wanted to study their system
of deaf education.
D. He wanted to marry Alice
Cogswell.
2. From
the information in this passage we can infer that__________.
A. Laurent Clerc was an
intelligent man
B. Clerc had difficulties learning
language
C. Clerc married Eliza in order to
get his Green Card
D. Clerc was paid well because he
made such important contributions to society
3. On
their trip from Paris to America, Clerc and Gallaudet
___________.
A. played cards and socialized
B. studied and discussed their plans
for a deaf school
C. founded a school for the deaf
D. Gallaudet studied English and
Clerc studied Sign Language
4. Which
is the right order of the things Clerc did？
A. met Gallaudet, moved to America, got married, went to school in Paris.
B. met Gallaudet, went to school
in Paris, moved to America, got married.
C. went to school in Paris, met Gallaudet, moved to America, got married.
D. got married, went to school in Paris, met Gallaudet, moved to America.
5. The
main idea of this passage could best be stated as_________.
A. Clerc managed his time well,
and was able to teach a lot of information in a short period of time
B. Thomas Gallaudet was indebted
to Clerc for all that he taught him
C. Clerc preferred teaching deaf
students to hearing students
D. Clerc, an educated Frenchman,
had a great impact on American Deaf Education
【押题理由】高考阅读理解题中人物传记类文章很常见。在选材时，不仅注重名家的生平，也关注与名人生活、事业息息相关的人或事，当然，也不乏一些介绍普通人学习、生活和工作等的故事。本文在命题方面突出高考命题的灵活性：既注重特定细节的准确理解，又注重推理判断题的考查，同时涉及了事情先后顺序的排列，体现了命题的多样性。
【试题解析】1. C
第四段“he was concerned about the lack of
opportunities for deaf people in America和he
went to London to seek ideas on how to teach deaf people.”与C项表达虽然不同，但意思基本一致。
【考场秘招】细节题都可以从原文中找到答案，只不过为了迷惑考生，常常将原文进行改写，换一种说法。所以，照抄原文，一字不改的不一定就是答案，而与原文意思相同的，才是正确的。
2. A 推理判断题。可以用排除法解答此题，B项不可能，Clerc懂法语、手语、还在旅途中学习英语；C项文中既没有说明为什么与Eliza结婚，更谈不上当时是否有“绿卡”。D项没有足够的信息推断挣钱多少。根据文中“an excellent teacher, learned many different
language，succeeded in school”等信息可以推断he was an intelligent man。
3. B 细节理解题。根据第6段中“they studied English and Sign
Language, and discussed the school for the deaf which they planned to open.”可以确定答案是B。
4. C 逻辑顺序题。根据第3段Clerc went to school in Paris.、第五段became Gallaudets Sign Language teacher、第六段in 1816, after the two men studied together
in Paris 和最后一段in 1819, Clerc got married.可确定其先后顺序C项正确。
【考场秘招】做这类题，先找出最早的一个时间和事件，把它作为事件发生的具体点，然后使用排除法将范围一一缩小，从而快速地选出正确答案。
5. D 主旨大意题。全文围绕Clerc和他对美国聋儿教育的影响，所以D项正确，而A项面太窄，B项偏离主题，本文针对的不是Thomas Gallaudet，C项文中根本没提到偏爱做一名教师。
【押题2】Years ago a John
Hopkin's professor gave a group of graduate students this task: Go to the
slums(贫民窟). Take 200 boys, between the
ages of 12 and 16, and research into their background and environment. Then
predict their chances for the future.
The students, after
consulting social statistics, talking to the boys, and compiling(汇编) much data, concluded that 90 percent of the boys
would spend some time in prison.
Twenty-five years
later another group of graduate students was given the job of testing the
prediction. They went back to the same area. Some of the boys―by then men―were still there, a
few had died, some had moved away, but they got in touch with 180 of the
original 200. They found that only four of the group had ever been sent to
prison.
Why was it that these
men, who had lived in a breeding(滋生) place of crime, had such
a surprisingly good record? The researchers were continually told: "Well,
there was a teacher..."
They pressed further,
and found that in 75 percent of the cases it was the same woman. The
researchers went to this teacher, now living in a home for retired teachers.
How had she exerted(发挥) this remarkable
influence over that group of children? Could she give them any reason why these
boys should have remembered her?
"No," she
said, "no I really couldn't." And then, thinking back over the years,
she said amusingly, more to herself than to her questioners: "I loved
those boys."
1. What were a group of graduate students instructed to do?
A. To research into
the living conditions of the poor citizens.
B. To foretell what
the future might have in store for poor kids
C. To study 200 boys
between 12 to 16 and predict their future.
D. To survey the
background and environment of 200 teenagers.
2. Seeing only four boys with bad records, the researchers probably felt
______.
A. relieved
B. surprised
C. disappointed
D. frustrated
3. Most of the 200 surveyed boys grew into good citizens because
_________.
A. their parents were strict
with them
B. they had great ambition
as children
C. they were expected
to do good deeds
D. a woman teacher
loved and cared them
4. What conclusion can we draw from the story?
A. Love can work
miracles.
B. Like teacher, like
pupil.
C. Adversity leads to
prosperity.
D. Nothing is
difficult to the man who will try.
【押题理由】人物故事类题材是一直高考的重点内容，本文讲述对200名生活在贫民窟的男孩的生活进行追踪调查的故事，趣味性强，难度适中，非常切合高考阅读取材。
1. C 细节理解。根据第一段内容可知，教授给研究生布置的任务是调查在贫民窟生活的200个男孩的家庭背景，并预测他们的未来。
2. B 推理判断。根据第四段中的“a surprisingly good record”一句可知，调查的结果使研究者感到意外。
【考场秘招】解答推理判断类试题时，要从文中找到设题的句子或段落，在四个选项中找到与原句意思相符的陈述。
3. D 推理判断。根据文章的最后两段，200名生活在贫民窟的男孩健康成长的原因是一位女教师对他们的关爱。
4. A 主旨大意。本文给我们的启示是：爱可以创造奇迹。一位女教师的爱感化了她的学生，影响那些在贫民窟的男孩有积极的人生态度。
【押题3】Once I spoke at a high school. After the speech,
I was asked to see a special student. An illness had kept the boy home, but he
had expressed an interest in meeting me, and it would mean a great deal to him.
I agreed.
He was Matthew. When he was born, the doctor
told his parents that he would not live to see five, then they were told he
would not make it to ten. Now he was thirteen. He wanted to meet me because I
was a gold-medal weight lifter, and I knew about overcoming obstacles(障碍) and going for my dreams.
I spent over an hour talking
to Matthew. Never once did he complain. He spoke about winning and succeeding
and going for his dreams. Obviously, he knew what he was talking about. He just
talked about his hopes for the future, and how one day he wanted to lift weight
with me.
When we finished
talking, I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I won and
put it around his neck. I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about
success and overcoming obstacles（障碍）
than I ever would. He looked at it for a moment, then took it off and handed it
back to me. He said, “You are a champion. You earned that medal. Someday when I
get to the Olympics and win my own medal, I will show it to you.”
Last summer I got
the news that Matthew had passed away and a letter Matthew had written me a few
days before:
Dear Rick,
My mom said I should send you a thank-you letter for the
picture you sent me. The doctors tell me that I don’t have long to live any
more. But I still smile as much as I can.
I told you some
day I was going to the Olympics and win a gold medal. But I know now I’ll never
make it. But I know I’m a champion, and God knows that too. When I get to
Heaven, God will give me my medal and when you get there, I will show it to
you.
Thank you for loving me.
Your friend,
Matthew
1. The boy wished to
meet the author because ________.
A. he admired the author very much
B. he wished to take part in the Olympics
C. he hoped to make friends with the author
C. he enjoyed going in for weighting
lifting
2. Which of the
statements is TRUE?
A. Matthew was good at weight lifting.
B. Rick had the similar disease as a
child.
C. Matthew remained optimistic in face of
disease.
D. Rick encouraged the boy to become a
champion.
3. Why did the boy
refuse the author’s medal?
A. He thought he was not worthy of it.
B. Rick looked on the medal as treasure.
C. The gold medal was very dear to Rick.
D. He didn’t want to be pitied by others.
4. What can be inferred
from Matthew’s letter?
A. Rick was unhappy before death.
B. Rick kept in touch with Mathew.
C. Mathew sent some pictures to Rick.
D. Mathew got an Olympic gold medal.
【押题理由】记叙文是阅读理解部分必考的内容，特别是具有深厚思想内涵的文章，以达到通过阅读对考生进行人文熏陶的目的。本文即是励志的记叙文，体现出了这一命题原则的导向性。
1. A 细节理解。第二段中的最后一句表明答案为A。
试题详情
2 NO2 ΔH>0
，隔一段时间对该容器内的物质进行分析，得到如下数据：
⑶ 过渡态理论认为，催化剂改变反应速率的原因是改变了反应的途径，对大多数反应而言主要是通过改变过渡态而导致有效碰撞所需要的能量发生变化。请在图Ⅱ中作出NO2和CO反应时使用催化剂而使反应速率加快的能量变化示意图；
，经60s达到平衡，生成0.3molZ。下列说法正确的是
w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m