北京市2009年高考专题强化训练（三）
分子运动论 热和功
选择题：（每题至少有一个选项正确）
1．对于一定质量的气体，下列情况中不可能发生的是 ( )
A.分子热运动的平均动能不变，分子的平均距离减小，压强不变．
B.分子热运动的平均动能不变，分子的平均距离减小，压强减小．
C.分子热运动的平均动能增大，分子的平均距离增大，压强增大．
D.分子热运动的平均动能减小，分子的平均距离减小，压强不变．
2．关于物体的分子势能变化情况，下列说法中正确的是 ( )
A.分子间显示斥力时，距离越小，分子势能越小
B.分子间显示引力时，距离越小，分子势能越大
C.分子势能随体积变化而变化
D.当分子间斥力和引力大小相等时，分子势能最大
3．水沸腾为同温度的水蒸气所吸收的热量应是 ( )
A.等于它所增加的分子势能的总和 B.等于它所增加的分子动能的总和
C.等于它所增加的内能 D.大于它所增加的分子势能的总和
4．下列设想中,符合能的转化合守恒定律的有 ( )
A.利用永磁铁和软铁的相互作用，作成一架机器永远的转动下去
B.制造一架飞机，不携带燃料，只需利用太阳能就能飞行
C.作成一只船，利用流水的能量，逆水行驶，不用其他动力
D.利用核动力，驾驶地球离开太阳系
5．分子间同时存在吸引力和排斥力，下列说法正确的是 ( )
A．固体分子间的引力总是大于斥力
B．气体能充满任何容器是因为分子间的排斥力大于吸引力
C．分子间的吸引力和排斥力都随分子间距离的增大而减小
D．分子间吸引力随分子间距离的增大而增大，而排斥力随距离的增大而减小.
6．第二类永动机不可能制造出来是因为其工作原理违背 ( )
A．热力学第一定律 B．能的转化和守恒定律
C．热力学第二定律 D．上述三个定律
7．对于一定质量的某种理想气体，如果与外界没有热交换，有 ( )
A．若气体分子的平均动能增大，则气体的压强一定增大
B．若气体分子的平均动能增大，则气体的压强一定减小
C．若气体分子的平均距离增大，则气体的平均动能一定增大
D．若气体分子的平均距离增大，则气体的平均动能一定减小
8． 对于一定质量的理想气体，下列叙述正确的是 ( )
A．如果体积减小，气体分子在单位时间内对单位面积的器壁的碰撞次数一定增大
B．如果压强增大而温度不变，气体分子在单位时间内对单位面积的器壁的碰撞次数一定增大
C．如果温度升高，气体分子在单位时间内对单位面积器壁的碰撞次数一定增大
D．如果分子密度增大，气体分子在单位时间内对单位面积器壁的碰撞次数一定增大
9．取r0表示分子之间的平均距离，那么 ( )
A．分子之间的距离在大于r0的范围内发生一定的变化时，分子间引力做的功大于分子间斥力做的功
B．分子之间的距离在大于r0的范围内发生一定的变化时，分子间引力做的功小于分子间斥力做的功
C．分子之间的距离在小于r0的范围内发生一定的变化时，分子间引力做的功大于分子间斥力做的功
D．分子之间的距离在小于r0的范围内发生一定的变化时，分子间引力做的功小于分子间斥力做的功
10．质量相等的氢气和氧气，温度相同，不考虑分子间的势能，则 ( )
A．氧气的内能较大 B．氢气的内能较大
C．二者的内能相等 D．氢气的分子平均动能较大
11． 下列说法中正确的是 ( )
A．气体的体积等于气体分子体积之和
B．气体的压强是由大量气体分子对器壁的频繁碰撞而产生的
C．温度越高，气体分子的平均速度越大
D．热力学温度的每一度大小跟摄氏温度的每一度大小相同
12． 对于热量、功和物体的内能这三个物理量，下列各种叙述中正确的是 ( )
A．热量、功、内能三者的物理意义相同
B．热量和功都可以作为物体内能的量度
C．热量、功、内能的单位肯定不相同
D．热量和功是由过程决定的,而内能是由物体的状态决定的
13． 下列说法中正确的是 ( )
A．任何一种机器做功都要消耗能量,不消耗能量的机器是无法对外做功的
B．每种能量都与一种运动形式相对应,与内能相对应的运动形式是热运动
C．能量在转化过程中总量可以减少,但不会增加
D．能量不论如何转化,系统的总能量是不变的
14．下列说法中正确的是 ( )
A．物体的分子热运动动能的总和就是物体的内能
B．对于同一气体,温度越高,分子平均动能越大
C．要使气体的分子平均动能增大,外界必须向气体传热
D．一定质量的气体,温度升高时,分子间的平均距离一定增大
15．如图所示,甲分子固定在坐标原点O,乙分子位于x轴上,甲分子对乙分子的作用力与两分子间距离地关系如图中实线所示,F>0为斥力,F<0为引力,a、b、c、d为x轴上四个特定的位置,现把乙分子从a处静止释放,则 (
)
A.乙分子从a到b做加速运动,由b到c做减速运动
B.乙分子从a到c做加速运动,到达c时速度最大
C.乙分子从a到b的过程中,两分子间的势能一直减少
D.乙分子从a到b的过程中,两分子间的势能一直增加
16．下列说法中正确的是 ( )
A．用打气筒的活塞压缩气体很费力，说明分子间有斥力
B．在阳光照射下，可以观察到教室空气中飞舞的尘埃作无规则运动，属于布朗运动
C．在油膜法测出的油分子直径计算阿伏伽德罗常数时，还要知道油滴的体积和密度
D．在油膜法测出的油分子直径计算阿伏伽德罗常数时，还要知道油滴的质量和密度
17．将物体A与B相接触,发现A放出热量B吸收热量,则下列叙述正确的是 ( )
A．A的温度一定比B的温度高 B．A的内能一定比B的内能大
C．A的热量一定比B的热量多 D．A的比热一定比B的比热大
18．下列说法不正确的是（ ）
A．气体会无限扩散，说明分子间存在斥力
B．压缩气体要费力，说明分子间存在斥力
C．物体体积即为该物体的所有分子体积的总和
D．布朗运动指液体分子永不停息的无规则运动
19．甲乙两个分子，甲分子固定不动，乙分子从无穷远处以初动能E向甲分子运动，直至二者不能再接近，规定在无穷远处分子势能为零，在运动过程中 ( )
A．除开始时刻外，乙分子动能还有可能等于E B．乙分子动能有可能等于零
C．分子势能有可能等于E D．分子势能与分子动能不可能相等
20．根据热力学第二定律，可知下列说法正确地是( )
A. 不可能从单一热源吸收热量并把它全部用来做功，而不引起其他变化．
B.在各种形式的能量相互转化的过程中产生的内能，大部分被环境所吸收，对这部分内能，我们可以用先进的技术手段再将其回收，并使之全部转化为电能，机械能等便于利用的能量形式．
C.利用浅层海水和深层海水的温度差，设计一热机使海水中蕴藏的内能为人类所利用，这一设想在原理上是可行的．
D.制冷系统能将冰箱里的热量传给外界较高温度的空气而不引起其他变化．
21．被活塞封闭在气缸中的一定质量的理想气体温度增加，压强保持不变( )
A.气缸中气体分子的平均动能增大
B.气缸中单位体积气体的分子数减少
C.气缸壁单位面积在单位时间内受到的分子碰撞的次数不变
D.气缸中的气体吸收的热量等于气体内能的增加量
22．如图所示，柱形容器内封有一定质量的空气，光滑活塞C（质量为m） 与容器用良好的隔热材料制成，另有质量为M的物体从活塞上方的A点自由下落到活塞上，并随活塞一起到达最低点B，在这一过程中，空气内能的改变量ΔE，外界对空气所做的功为W,则物体及活塞的能量的变化关系式正确地是 （ ）
A. Mgh + mgΔh = ΔE + W
B.ΔE = W, Mgh + mgΔh = W
C.ΔE = W, Mgh + mgΔh > W
D.ΔE ≠ W, Mgh + mgΔh = W
23．关于热传递的下列叙述中正确的是（ ）
A.热量总是从内能大的物体传给内能少的物体
B.热量总是从分子平均动能大的物体传给分子平均动能小的物体
C.热传递的实质是物体间的内能的转移而能的形式不发生变化
D.只有通过热传递的方式,才能使物体的温度发生变化
24．下列关于布朗运动的说法中正确的是 ( )
A．布朗运动是由于外界原因引起的液体分子的运动
B．悬浮在液体中的颗粒越大，与微粒相撞的分子数越多，布朗运动越容易观察到
C．布朗运动的无规则性是液体分子和气体分子无规则运动的反映
D．布朗运动的剧烈程度与温度有关，所以布朗运动也叫分子热运动
25．已知阿伏伽德罗常数NA，物质的摩尔质量M和摩尔体积V，不能估算出( )
A．固体物质分子的质量和大小 B．液体分子的质量和大小
C．气体分子的大小 D．气体分子的质量
专题三 分子运动论 热和功 （答案）
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AB
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AD
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BCD
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ABC
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安师大附中2008-2009学年第一学期期中考查
高 三 英 语 试 卷
（考试时间120分钟，共150分）
本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。
第一卷（三大题，共115分）
注意事项
1.答第一卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、班级、学校、填写在答题卡上。
2.每小题选出答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。
3.考试结束，考生将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分：听力（30分）
第一节 （共5小题；每小题1.5分, 满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. What is the man going to do tonight?
A. Go to the cinema. B. Attend a meeting. C. Watch TV at home.
2. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In a shop. B. In a museum. C. In a restaurant.
3. What time will the speakers get to Beijing?
A. At 11:00. B. At 12:30. C. At 12:45.
4. Is the man going to the party?
A. No. B. Sure. C. Maybe.
5. What does the woman ask the man to do?
A. Tell her what the problem is. B. Repair the computer for her.
C. Send someone to help her.
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段材料，回答第
6. What subject does Julie like best?
A. Science. B. P.E. C. Sports medicine.
7. Which subject is Julie NOT good at?
A. Music and English. B. Physics and chemistry. C. Marketing and commercial.
8. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Teacher and student. B. Husband and wife. C. Father and daughter.
听下面一段材料，回答第
9. What are the speakers talking about?
A. An interview. B. A meal. C. A job.
10. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Boss and clerk. B. Mother and son. C. Employer and employee.
11. How is the man feeling?
A. Tired. B. Nervous. C. Hopeless.
听下面一段材料，回答第12. 13题。
12. Where does the conversation take place?
A. In the police station. B. In the customs office. C. In the tourist center.
13. What’s the purpose of the woman’s trip?
A. Visiting her parents. B. Returning to her hometown. C. Attending a conference.
听下面一段材料，回答第
14. Why does the girl ask her dad for money?
A. Because she works for him. B. Because she has no job.
C. Because she will go away from home.
15. How much will the girl get?
A. $13. B. $ 26. C. $ 30.
16. How did the father manage to give the money?
A. He drew from the bank. B. He had enough money at hand.
C. He got the money from his secret jar.
17. Which is not the thing that the girl is going to do with the money?
A. Putting some in a bank. B. Giving some to her parents.
C. Buying some books.
听下面一段材料，回答第
18. When is the speaker talking?
A. In the morning. B. In the afternoon. C. In the evening.
19. Who are the listeners?
A. Patients. B. Visitors. C. Nurses.
20. Which is NOT allowed in the hospital?
A. Smoking in any area. B. Listening to the hospital radio.
C. Visiting patients in the morning.
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
21. Mary couldn’t remember the exact date of the hurricane, but she knew it was ____ Saturday because everybody was at ___ church.
A. /; the B. a; / C. /; a D. the; /
22.---I’m sorry, I should not have been so rude to you.
---You ____ your temper but that’s OK.
A. have lost B. had lost C. did lose D. were losing
23. ____ both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.
A. If only B. Only if C. Unless D. As long as
24. Much to the parents’ comfort, their income is now double ____ it was ten years ago.
A. what B. that C. than D. which
25. ---Oh, must you? Stay a bit longer. It’s been such fun having you.
---______, but I’ve got an early start tomorrow morning.
A. No problem B. All right C. Thanks anyway D. Never mind
26. He spent several hours in the wind and snow, _____.
A. cold and hungry B. coldly and hungrily
C. being cold and hungry D. in cold and hunger
27. It is the protection for trees ____ really matters, ____ how many trees are planted.
A. what; besides B. that; except C. that; rather than D. what; other than
28. We are short of money, so every coin ____ now.
A. values B. prices C. worth D. counts
29. There are many books! It’s not easy for us to decide ____ and what to leave behind.
A. what to be taken B. what to take C. how to take D. how to be taken
30. This problem may lead to more serious ones if ____ unsolved.
A. making B. remained C. keeping D. left
31. I think Mick will ___ a good monitor, so I’d like to vote for him.
A. turn B.
change C.
be D.
make
35. We hoped to be able to move into our new house at the end of the month, but things didn’t___ as we expected.
A. work out B. move out C. carry out D. get out
第二节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）
Signs can sometimes be seen at the entrance of a house, expressing that a tramp has passed. This special sign-language is frequently 36 by tramps to inform their 37 whether the host of a certain house is friendly or unfriendly, and to 38 them the trouble of making unnecessary calls.
Quite 39
one day, I came across a
real tramp. He was such a rare sight these days that I stood some distance away
and watched him. He was dressed just as a tramp should be 40 , old worn trousers, and a jacket
many sizes too big for him. On his head there was a battered old hat and his
boots were so old and worn; they were almost coming into 41 . But the man himself looked
cheerful as if he had not a
36. A. employed B. made C. taken D. put up
37. A. parents B. classmates C. fellows D. friends
38. A. share B. save C. give D. put
39. A. in a way B. by mistake C. by the way D. by chance
40. A. with B. in C. by D. on
41. A. a fashion B. a design C. pieces D. blocks
42. A. success B. care C. failure D. family
43. A. gave B. took C. set D. made
44. A. drawing B. kissing C. correcting D. studying
45. A. pleased B. strange C. funny D. exciting
46. A. surprise B. satisfaction C. worry D. disappointment
47. A. rise B. put on C. raise D. throw
48. A. conversation B. introduction C. quarrel D. greeting
49. A. happy B. frightened C. worried D. sorry
50. A. cheerful B. sadly C. bravely D. eagerly
51. A. waved B. swung C. shook D. nodded
52. A. Digging B. Stealing C. Putting D. Looking
53. A. existed B. moving C. shining D. existing
54. A. belongings B. clothes C. umbrella D. stick
55. A. step B. position C. pace D. situation
第三部分： 阅读理解（共20小题，每小题2分，满分40分）
A
Foxes and farmers have never got on well. These small dog-like animals have long been accused of killing farm animals. They are officially classified as harmful and farmers try to keep their numbers down by shooting or poisoning them.
Noisy confrontations between hunters and saboteurs have become so common that they are almost as much a part of hunting as the pursuit of foxes itself. But this year supporters of fox hunting face a much bigger threat to their sport. A Labor Party Member of the Parliament, Mike Foster, is trying to get Parliament to approve a new law which will make the hunting of wild animals with dogs illegal. If the law is passed, wild animals like foxes will be protected under the ban in Britain.
56. Rich people in Britain have been hunting foxes________.
A. for recreation B. in the interests of the farmers
C. to limit the fox population D. to show off their wealth
57. What is special about fox hunting in Britain?
A. It involves the use of a deadly poison.
B. It is a costly event which rarely occurs.
C. The hunters have set rules to follow.
D. The hunters have to go through strict training.
58. Fox hunting opponents often interfere in the game _______.
A. by resorting to violence B. by confusing the fox hunters
C. by taking legal action D. by demonstrating on the scene
59. A new law may be passed by the British Parliament to ______.
A. prohibit farmers from hunting foxes B. forbid hunting foxes with dogs
C. stop hunting wild animals in the countryside D. prevent large-scale fox hunting
B
One mistaken idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse. Business, politics, life itself are games which we must normally play with very imperfect information. Business decisions are often made with many unknown and unknowable factors, which would even puzzle best poker players. But few business people find it comfortable to admit that they are taking a chance, and many still prefer to believe that they are playing chess, not poker.
60. The subject discussed in this text is
_________.
A. the
process of reaching decisions
B. the
difference between poker and chess.
C. the
secret of making good business plans
D. the value
of information in winning games
61. An important factor in a game of
imperfect information is ___________.
A. rules B.
luck C.
time D.
ideas
62. Which of the following can be used in place of “Quite the reverse”?
A. Quite
right. B. True
enough. C. Most
unlikely. D. Just the opposite.
63. In the writer’s opinion, when making business decisions one should
___________ .
A. put
perfect information before imperfect information
B. accept
the existence of unknown factors
C. regard
business as a game of chess
D. mix known
and unknown factors
C
Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate.” But not all experts (专家) agree that this is a good idea.
One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the
founder of Computertown
64. Which of the following is David Tebbutt’s ides on the relationship between people and computers?
A.Computer learning should be made easier.
B.There should be more computer clubs for experts.
C.People should work harder to master computer use.
D.Computers should be made cheaper so that people can afford them.
65.We can infer from the text that “computer-lilerate” means_______.
A. being able to afford a computer
B. being able to write computer programs
C. working with the computer and finding out its value
D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it
66. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computertowns ___.
A.help to set up more computer clubs
B.bring people to learn to use computers
C. bring more experts to work together
D. help to sell computers to the public
67. David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of______.
A. making better use of computer experts B. improving computer programs
C. increasing computer sales D. popularising computers
D
Part I
If you are hunting a chance to improve yourself in English, TOP ENGLISH CITY will be a smart choice. We are members of “the International Language Workshop” and enjoy both of the good honor in English teaching and high quality of our teaching team. We are devoted to providing affordable, excellent English training programs for those who want to improve both their English knowledge and their language skills.
In TOP ENGLISH CITY, you will be a top. English speaker among your competitors and enjoy the advantage that your competitors have not. You will be proud of' being a member of TOP ENGLISH CITY.
Courses designed:
Basic Studies... Sat. 08:00---10:00 am
Intermediate(中级 )Spoken English,.. Sun. 08:00---10:00 am
Standard Spoken English... Sat. 08:00---10:00 am
Basic Business English... Sun. 08:00---10:00 am
Intermediate Business English… Sun. 07:00 9:00pm
TOEFL Super Studies... Sun. 7:30----9:30 pm
Children’s Weekend... Sat &. Sun. 8.00 am--5:00pm
For more information, please contact:
Room 806 American Plaza Tianhexi Rd, 510150 Guangzhou
Tel: 86668888-8806
Part II
ENGLISH SALON
A place for you to practice your English, to exchange your English learning experience, to know more about the culture of English-speaking countries, to make more friends who can speak very good English.
You will have free talks, famous English films and songs appreciation, English lectures and games; all are for you to improve yourself in English in the special, full-of-fun Salon.
How to join:
We are a group with membership system, so if you want to join our group, please make an application to the Tianhe Office of Top English City, filling in the applying forms. You will be given a salon ID and become our member.
The Qualifications
You must be fluent in English speaking or / and an English lover. Those who are now learning English in the Top English City will be advantageous.
For more information, please contact
Mr Jiu Chan at: 47129198
English Salon, your best friend! Join Right Now!
68. Which of the following can be the best title for Part I?
A. Top English, your smart choice!
B. If you want to learn English, we can teach you!
C. Top English, the best English!
D. We have what you want!
69. Which of the following courses can be learned by the same person?
A. Basic Studies and Standard Spoken English.
B. Intermediate Spoken English and Basic Business English.
C. Standard Spoken English and TOEFL Super Studies.
D. Intermediate Business English and TOEFL Super Studies.
70. If you want to join the English Salon, you should at least_______.
A. be a university graduate
B. be a student learning English in the Top English City
C. be an English lover or can speak English well
D. make more friends and know more about the culture of the English
71. What can you do after joining English Salon?
A. Exchange English learning experience with other members.
B. Know more about the culture of English-speaking countries.
C. Make new friends.
D. All the above.
E
Supply and demand is perhaps one of the most basic concepts of economics and it is the backbone of a market economy. Demand refers to how much of a product or service is desired by buyers. The quantity demanded is the amount of a product people are willing to buy at a certain price; the relationship between price and quantity demanded is known as the demand relationship. Supply represents how much the market can offer. The quantity supplied refers to the amount of a certain goods producers are willing to supply when receiving a certain price. The relationship between price and how much of a goods or service is supplied to the market is known as the supply relationship. Price, therefore, is a reflection of supply and demand.
The law of demand states that, if all other factors remain equal, the higher the price of a product, the fewer people will demand that product. The amount of goods that buyers purchase at a higher price is less as the price of a product goes up, so does the opportunity cost of buying that product.
Like the law of demand, the law of supply shows the quantities that will be sold at a certain price. But unlike the law of demand, the supply relationship shows an upward slope. This means that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied. Producers supply more at a higher price because selling a higher quantity at a higher price increases the whole income.
Now that we know the laws of supply and demand, let’s turn to an example to show how supply and demand affect price.
Imagine that a CD of your favorite band is sold for $20. Because the record company’s previous analysis showed that consumers will not demand CDs at a price higher than $20, only ten CDs were sold because the opportunity cost is too high for suppliers to produce more. If, however, the ten CDs are demanded by 20 people, the price will then rise. As a result, the rise in price should cause more CDs to be supplied as the supply relationship shows that the higher the price, the higher the quantity supplied. If, however, there are 30 CDs produced and demand is still at 20, the price will not be pushed up because the supply is more than the demand.
72. We know from the passage that changes in the prices of product cause changes in ______.
A. income and expense B. invention and production
C. market and society D. supply and demand
73. Look at the following tablet first, if it is up to you to make a decision to sell a widget(装饰品), you should sell it for ______.
Price of Widgets
Number of Widgets People Want to Buy
$1.00
100
$2.00
90
$3.00
70
$4.00
40
A. $1 B.
$
74. The last paragraph is mainly about the importance of ______.
A. a reasonable price B. finding enough producing material
C. finding out what consumers think about D. making out the demand at market
75. The text is written mainly _____.
A. to persuade people to buy more products
B. to let people know more about a CD
C. to explain the relationships between demand, supply and price
D. to tell people how to buy things reasonably
第二卷（35分）
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）
此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断：如无错误，在该行右边的横线上划（√）；如有错误（每行只有一个错误），则按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。注意：原行没有错的不要改。
In
people. We should try our best make their life 77. ______
much easy. For example, when we design a building, 78. ______
we’ll have to provide a entrance which is suitable 79. ______
for wheelchairs on the first ground floor. The 80. ______
Chinese government takes good care for their life. 81. ______
Many people with disables have received good treatment 82. ______
from the government. Meanwhile, more and more 83. _______
special schools have built for them. But that is 84. _______
not enough, their life will be much better 85. _______
unless everyone shows love for them.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
在学习英语的过程中遇到困难是在所难免的。请根据你 (Peter)的学习情况填好调查表，并根据填表的内容给《英语辅导报》的编辑写一封信，请求他给予帮助，词数100左右。
Questionnaire
YES NO
1. Are you interested in English? ( ) ( )
2. Are you afraid of making mistakes? ( ) ( )
3. Can you understand your teacher’s spoken English? ( ) ( )
4. Do you have any chances to speak to others in English? ( ) ( )
5. Are you good at reading in English? ( ) ( )
6. Do you often keep a diary in English? ( ) ( )
7. Is it easy to remember English words? ( ) ( )
8. Do you have any good ways to improve your English? ( ) ( )
注意：信的主要内容应包括：
你目前英语学习的现状是怎么样的？
在英语学习过程中遇到了什么困难？
这些困难对你有什么影响？
请编辑帮你出主意解决这些困难。
安师大附中2008-2009学年第一学期期中考查
高 三 英 语 答 题 卷
A B C D A B C D A B C D A B C D A BC D
1. ○○○○ 2. ○○○○ 3. ○○○○ 4. ○○○○ 5. ○○○○
6. ○○○○ 7. ○○○○ 8. ○○○○ 9. ○○○○ 10. ○○○○
11. ○○○○ 12. ○○○○ 13. ○○○○ 14. ○○○○ 15. ○○○○
16. ○○○○ 17. ○○○○ 18. ○○○○ 19. ○○○○ 20. ○○○○
21. ○○○○ 22. ○○○○ 23. ○○○○ 24. ○○○○ 25. ○○○○
26. ○○○○ 27. ○○○○ 28. ○○○○ 29. ○○○○ 30. ○○○○
31. ○○○○ 32. ○○○○ 33. ○○○○ 34. ○○○○ 35. ○○○○
36. ○○○○ 37. ○○○○ 38. ○○○○ 39. ○○○○ 40. ○○○○
41. ○○○○ 42. ○○○○ 43. ○○○○ 44. ○○○○ 45. ○○○○
46. ○○○○ 47. ○○○○ 48. ○○○○ 49. ○○○○ 50. ○○○○
51. ○○○○ 52. ○○○○ 53. ○○○○ 54. ○○○○ 55. ○○○○
56. ○○○○ 57. ○○○○ 58. ○○○○ 59. ○○○○ 60. ○○○○
61. ○○○○ 62. ○○○○ 63. ○○○○ 64. ○○○○ 65. ○○○○
66. ○○○○ 67. ○○○○ 68. ○○○○ 69. ○○○○ 70. ○○○○
71. ○○○○ 72. ○○○○ 73. ○○○○ 74. ○○○○ 75. ○○○○
In
people. We should try our best make their life 77. ______
much easy. For example, when we design a building, 78. ______
we’ll have to provide a entrance which is suitable 79. ______
for wheelchairs on the first ground floor. The 80. ______
Chinese government takes good care for their life. 81. ______
Many people with disables have received good treatment 82. ______
from the government. Meanwhile, more and more 83. _______
special schools have built for them. But that is 84. _______
not enough, their life will be much better 85. _______
unless everyone shows love for them.
2008-2009学年第一学期期中考试
安徽师大附中2008-2009学年度第一学期期中考试
高 三 化 学 试 题 卷
考生请注意：
1、可能用到的相对原子质量：
H
2、请将答案填在答题表中，在本卷答题无效。
第I卷 （选择题，共48分）
（本卷包括16小题，每小题只有一个选项符合题意，每小题3分，共48分）
1、化学工作者和社会各界都一直关注食品安全问题，目前国内的“三鹿毒奶粉”事件是不法奶商向原奶中加入了三聚氰胺，其结构简式如右下图。已知氨分子为三角锥型，下列关于三聚氰胺的说法不正确的是
A.含有不饱和碳原子，在一定条件下能发生加成反应
B.不法分子因为三聚氰胺含氮量较高才用其造假
C.分子中所有原子都在同一平面上
D.在一定条件下能发生氧化反应
2、2007年诺贝尔化学奖授予德国科学家格哈德?埃德尔是因为他在表面化学所作的开创性研究。下列选项与物质的表面特征无关的是
A.用明矾来净水
B.硫酸工业生产中送进沸腾炉的矿石被粉碎成细小的矿粒
C.用还原铁粉和石棉绒混合与水蒸气反应制Fe3O4和H2
D.配制FeCl3溶液时，将FeCl3固体溶于浓盐酸中再加水稀释
3、金属钛对体液无毒且有惰性，能与肌肉和骨骼生长在一起，因而有“生物金属”之称。下列有关
和
的说法中正确的是
A.和原子中均含有22个中子
B.
和
核外均有4个电子层
C.分别由和组成的金属钛单质互称为同分异构体
D.与为同一核素
4、广义的水解观认为：无论是盐的水解还是非盐的水解，其最终结果是反应中各物质和水分别解离成两部分，然后两两重新组合成新的物质。根据上述信息，下列说法不正确的是
A.CaO2的水解产物是Ca(OH)2和H2O2
B.PCl3的水解产物是HClO和PH3
C.NaClO的水解产物之一是HClO
D.Mg3N2的水解产物是两种碱性物质
5、金属材料在日常生活以及生产中有着广泛的运用。下列关于金属的一些说法不正确的是
A.合金的性质与其成分金属的性质不完全相同
B.工业上金属Mg、Al都是用电解熔融的氯化物制得的
C.金属冶炼的本质是金属阳离子得到电子变成金属原子
D.越活泼的金属越难冶炼
6、用一定量的铁与足量的CuO制单质铜，有人设计了以下两种方案：
若按实验原则进行操作，则两者制得单质铜的量为
A.一样多 B.①多 C.②多 D.无法判断
7、某溶液中由水电离生成的c(H＋)＝10－12 mol/L，下列各组离子一定不能大量共存的是
A．Na＋、AlO2－、Cl－、SO42－ B．Mg2＋、Ca2＋、HCO3－、Cl－
C．K＋、Fe2＋、SO42－、Br－ D．Fe3＋、Ca2＋、Cl－、NO3－
8、下列离子方程式书写正确的是
A.在氨水中通入过量SO2：2NH3? H2O + SO2 ＝2NH4+ + SO32-+H2O
B.在次氯酸钠溶液中通入少量SO2：2ClO-+H2O+SO2＝2HClO+SO32-
C.在氢氧化钠溶液中通入一定量的CO2：3OH-+2CO2＝CO32-+HCO3-+H2O
D.在硫酸铝溶液中加入过量氨水：Al3+ + 4OH- = AlO2-+2H2O
9、下列叙述正确的是
A
B.0.2 mol?L－1的盐酸，与等体积水混合后pH = 1(忽略体积的变化)
C.pH = 3的醋酸溶液，稀释至10倍后pH = 4
D.Na2CO3溶液中：c(Na+) + c(H+) = c(HCO3-) +c(CO32-) + c(OH-)
10、下列叙述正确的是
A.在电解池的阴极和原电池的负极上都发生氧化反应
B.镀层破损后，镀锡铁板比镀锌铁板更耐腐蚀
C.用惰性电极电解KOH溶液，阴、阳两极产物的物质的量之比为1:2
D.用惰性电极电解饱和NaCl溶液，若有1mol电子转移，则生成1molNaOH
11、A、B、C为三种短周期元素，A、B同周期，A、C的最低价离子分别为A2－、C－，B2＋与C－具有相同的电子层结构，下列叙述一定不正确的是
A.离子半径A2－> C－>B2＋ B.它们的原子半径C>B>A
C.它们的原子序数A>B>C D.原子最外层上的电子数C>A>B
12、2006年，科学家们发明了一种能够给电子设备提供动力的 生物燃料电池。该电池包括两个涂覆着酶的电极，它们处于充满空气和少量氢气的玻璃槽中。由于气体可以混合从而省去了昂贵的燃料隔离膜，其工作原理如图所示。下列说法正确的是
A．左边为该电池的负极
B．该电池可在高温环境下使用
C．该电池负极反应为：H2―2e－＝2H+
D．该电池正极反应为O2＋4e－＝2O2－
13、NH4Cl是强酸弱碱盐，它在水溶液里的水解过程可用下图表示：
则下列有关NH4 Cl溶液里存在的微粒的叙述，不正确的是
A.存在NH3?H2O，其结构式为
B.存在NH4+，其电子式为
C.存在H3O+，其结构式为
D.存在OH－，其电子式为
14、工业上以CuO和H2SO4为原料制备CuSO4?5H2O晶体。为确保制备过程中既不补充
水，也无多余的水分，所用硫酸溶液溶质的质量分数应为
A.45.8% B.57.6% C.72.3% D.无法确定
15、一定温度下的难溶电解质AmBn在水溶液中达到沉淀溶解平衡时，其
，称为难溶电解质的溶度积。
物质
AgCl
AgI
Ag2S
颜色
白
黄
黑
Ksp（
1.8
10-10
1.510-16
1.810-50
下列叙述中不正确的是
A.溶度积小的沉淀可以转化为溶度积更小的沉淀
B.若先加入Na2S溶液，再加入KI溶液，则无黄色沉淀产生
C
D
16、有一瓶无色溶液，可能含有K+、Al3+、Mg2+、NH4+、Cl ?、SO42-、HCO3-、MnO4-离子中的几种。为确定其成分，做如下实验：①取部分溶液，加入适量Na2O2固体，产生无色无味的气体和白色沉淀，再加入足量的NaOH溶液后白色沉淀部分溶解；②另取部分溶液，加入HNO3酸化的Ba(NO3)2溶液，有白色沉淀产生。下列推断正确的
A.肯定有Al3+、Mg2+、NH4+、Cl ? B.肯定有Al3+、Mg2+、HCO3-
C.肯定有K+、HCO3-、MnO4- D.肯定有Al3+、Mg2+、SO42-
第II卷 （非选择题，共52分）
（本卷包括6小题，共52分）
17、（5分）某无色透明溶液中可能大量存在Ag＋，Mg2＋，Cu2＋中的几种离子。
（1）不做任何实验就可以肯定原溶液中不存在的离子是_________。
（2）取少量原溶液加入过量稀盐酸，有白色沉淀生成，再加入过量稀硝酸，白色沉淀不消失，说明原溶液中肯定有的离子是___________，有关的离子反应式为______________。
（3）取（2）的滤液加入过量NaOH溶液，出现白色沉淀，说明原溶液中肯定存在的离子有_______________。
（4）原溶液中可能大量存在的阴离子是下列A－D中的（填序号）_________。
A．Cl－ B．NO3－ C．CO32－ D．OH－
18、（8分）为防止碘缺乏病，通常在食盐中加入KIO3。
⑴用淀粉碘化钾溶液和稀硫酸可定性检验出食盐中的IO3－，表示该反应的离子方程式是_________________________ __ __________，若要确认食盐中还含有K＋，方法是
_______________________________________________________________。
⑵工业上以石墨和铁为电极电解KI溶液制取KIO3。电解时，石墨作_________（填“阳极”或“阴极”），石墨电极上的电极反应式是_______________________ _____，电解过程中铁电极附近溶液pH__________（填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”）。
19、（10分）茶是我国人民喜爱的饮品。某校化学兴趣小组的同学设计以下实验来定性检验茶叶中含有Ca、A1、Fe三种元素。
【查阅部分资料】：草酸铵[(NH4)
试根据上述过程及信息填空：
（1）步骤②加盐酸的作用是 ____ 。
（2）写出检验Ca2+的离子方程式 ___ 。
（3）写出沉淀C所含主要物质的化学式 。
（4）写出步骤⑧用A试剂生成红色溶液的离子方程式 ___ 。
（5）步骤⑨的作用是 __________ ，猜测步骤⑩的目的是 _ 。
20、（12分）某课外小组利用H2还原黄色的WO3粉末测定W的相对原子质量，下图是测定装置的示意图，A中的试剂是盐酸。
请回答下列问题。
（1）仪器中装入的试剂：
B 、 C 、
D ；
（2）连接好装置后应首先 ，
其方法是
；
（3）“加热反应管E”和“从A瓶逐滴滴加液体”这两步操作应该先进行的是 。在这两步之间还应进行的操作是 ；
（4）反应过程中G管逸出的气体是_______，其处理方法是__________________。
（5）从实验中测得了下列数据：
①空E管的质量a ②E管和WO3的总质量b ③反应后E管和W粉的总质量c（冷却到室温称量） ④反应前F管及内盛物的总质量d ⑤反应后F管及内盛物的总质量e
由以上数据可以列出计算W的相对原子质量的两个不同计算式（除W外，其他涉及的元素的相对原子质量均为已知）：Ar(W)＝ 。
21、（9分）某有机物X是农药生产中的一种中间体，其结构简式为：
（1）X的分子式为____________
（2）X分子中含有的官能团有______（用结构简式或名称表示均可）
（3）X可能发生多种反应，下列有关X发生化学反应的叙述中正确的是（ ）
A．在氢氧化钠醇溶液中共热能发生消去反应
B．在铜作催化剂时加热，可被氧气氧化生成能发生银镜反应的物质
C．在浓硫酸存在时加热可发生消去反应
D．在铁作催化剂时，可跟液溴发生取代反应
（4）写出X跟氢氧化钠稀溶液共热时所发生反应的化学方程式
______________________________________________ __。
（5）X可能有多种同分异构体，写出符合下列条件的一种同分异构体的结构简式: _。①苯环只有分处在对位的两个取代基
②遇氯化铁溶液不变色，但遇pH试纸显红色
（1）x的最小值为
。
（2）原样品中NaHCO3的质量。
（3）样品A中的成分及各成分的物质的量。
安徽师大附中2008-2009学年度第一学期期中考试
高 三 化 学 答 题 卷
第I卷选择题答题表
题号
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
答案
题号
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
答案
第II卷 （非选择题，共52分）
17．（5分）
（1）_________。
（2）__________ _，离子反应式为_____ _________。
（3）_______________。 （4）_________。
18．（8分）
（1）_________________________ __ _______ ___，
_______________________________________________________________。
（2） _________（填“阳极”或“阴极”）， _______________________ _____，
__________（填“变大”、“变小”或“不变”）。
19．（10分）
（1）步骤②加盐酸的作用是 ____ 。
（2）写出检验Ca2+的离子方程式 ___ 。
（3）写出沉淀C所含主要物质的化学式 。
（4）写出步骤⑧用A试剂生成红色溶液的离子方程式 ___ 。
（5）步骤⑨的作用是 __________ ，猜测步骤⑩的目的是 _ 。
20．（12分）
（1）B 、 C 、D ；
（2）连接好装置后应首先 ，
其方法是
；
（3） 。 。
（4）_______，其处理方法是__________________。
（5）计算式Ar(W)＝ 。
21．（9分）
（1）X的分子式为____________
（2）X分子中含有的官能团有_________ __
（3）（ ）
（4）______________________________________________ __。
（5） _
22．（8分）
（1）x的最小值为 。
（2）
（3）
安徽师大附中2008-2009学年度第一学期期中考试
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