第二节 书面表达（满分25分）

假设你是李华，你的好友王林生病了。现在请你给他写一封信，要点包括：

1. 听到好友生病时的心情；

2. 劝他放弃熬夜的习惯；

3. 建议他身体康复后要保证睡眠，经常锻炼，合理饮食。　

注意：

1. 词数120左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

E

The bell rings and in a few moments, the most disordered part of the day begins—lunch. Food begins to be dished out, and some students are eager to see their friends, while others cannot bear the thought of what is about to happen. Anxiety (焦虑) builds for many as they think today will be just like any other day. Press repeat and this happens every day.

But Bridport Elementary in Bridport introduced a system to solve this classic scene of loneliness and meet new friendships. There’s hardly room for the question, “Will you save me a seat?” at Bridport Elementary, where students are guided to assigned (指定的) tables and given the opportunity to open their hearts and minds to a new friend. The school’s president Kilbourne had observed too many days in which the same kids were left alone, while the others were always accompanied by friends. Something had to change.

The school gives a new system in which students line up to pick a numbered stick before getting their food. Each stick has a number that’s linked with a table, showing where they will eat lunch for the day.

This system was used five months ago. Today, if you walked into the cafeteria, you wouldn’t find any numbers or any sticks. Kilbourne made a promise to the students that the system would eventually disappear if she saw that students learned to value inclusivity (包容) and friendship.

People really saw a change. A girl was walking around by herself with her lunch in her hand, and four tables asked her to join them. At another table, a kindergartener was sitting alone for just a few moments before two sixth graders came over to sit with him, and actively included him in conversation.

Now we are left wondering: how can lessons learned from the cafeteria be used elsewhere? Students and adults all over the country could benefit from an approach in which every person is always welcome at the table in any situation.

51. What inspired the president of Bridport Elementary to introduce the system?

　　 A. Students didn’t speak to friends at a table.

　　 B. Students didn’t manage to get a seat in the cafeteria.

　　 C. Students had no one to communicate with in a crowd.

　　 D. Students had little interest in lunch due to the pressure of study.　

52. Why couldn’t we find any numbers or any sticks in the cafeteria?

　　 A. Because students were tired of them.

　　 B. Because they didn’t work out as expected.

　　 C. Because they were replaced by something else.

　　 D. Because there was no need for them any more.

53. How is the fifth paragraph mainly developed?

　　 A. By making comparisons.　　 　　　　　 B. By giving examples.

　　 C. By giving instructions. 　　　　 　　　 D. By showing research findings.

54. What can be the best title for the text?

　　 A. Friends at the lunch table

　　 B. Time to value table manners again

　　 C. Offer help to shy and quiet students

　　 D. How to help students deal with school life

55. What is most likely to be talked about in the paragraph following the text?

　 　 A. The benefits of the system.　　　　

　　 B. The disadvantages of the system.

　　 C. The wider use of the system.

　 　 D. The lessons learned from the system.

D

Just like humans, animals need to get a few good hours of sleep in order to do their best, but the ways in which different animals sleep may surprise you.

Your pet cat is known for loving sleep. However, you probably don’t realize that she can sleep about 14 hours a day. That leaves her around 10 waking hours to enjoy playtime and meals, and you may also notice that your cat is ready to run a marathon around your house at night even though she just spends most of the daylight hours sleeping. This is because they love to hunt at night. Besides, because big cats in the wild, such as tigers and lions, don’t have many predators (食肉动物) to worry about, these wild felines can enjoy sleep all day without fear.

Not all snails (蜗牛) can sleep for years, but the desert snail, which can live up to 15 years, can actually sleep for three full years. These creatures need to stay wet to survive, which can be very difficult in dry desert climates. Therefore, they bury themselves underground so as to protect themselves until the environment becomes more suitable.

There are actually quite a few good reasons why bats sleep while they are hanging upside down. This seemingly awkward (笨拙的) position keeps them safe from many predators, as it confuses predators and keeps themselves out of the sight of those animals that may attack them while they are sleeping. And if they do feel threatened, this position also gives them the chance to quickly take flight and get away to safety. This is because bats aren’t strong enough to start flying from a standing position. Instead, they need to fall into flying with their powerful wings.

47. From the text we can infer that the underlined word “felines” in Paragraph 2 probably refers to animals that 　　　.

　　 A. hunt at night　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. belong to the cat family

　　 C. love sleeping　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. have many predators

48. Desert snails bury themselves underground in order to 　　　.

　　 A. stay away from predators 　　　　　　 B. hide themselves

　　 C. stay wet　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. hunt for food

49. Bats sleep hanging upside down for the following reasons EXCEPT that 　　　.

　　 A. the position can protect them from many predators

　　 B. the position can allow them to take flight quickly

　　 C. the position can confuse their predators

　　 D. the position can build up their strength

50. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

　　 A. How long should animals sleep?　　 B. Reasons why animals need sleep

　　 C. Unique ways some animals sleep

　　 D. How do animals protect themselves during sleep?

C

Louis Pasteur was born in Dole, France on December 27, 1822. His family was poor, and during his early education Pasteur was an ordinary student who enjoyed art and singing. However, when Pasteur was exposed to science as a teenager, he knew he had found his career.

In 1838, Pasteur went to college to become a science teacher. He then became a chemistry professor at the University of Strasbourg. He got married in 1849 and had five children. However, three died young from typhoid fever (伤寒症). It was the deaths of his children that drove Pasteur to investigate the infectious disease in order to find a cure.

During Pasteur’s time, people believed that bacteria appeared due to “spontaneous generation (自然发生)”. They thought that the bacteria just appeared out of nowhere. Pasteur carried out experiments to see if this was true. Through his experiments he proved that germs were living things that came from other living things. They didn’t just spontaneously appear. This was a major discovery in the study of biology and earned Pasteur the title of Father of Germ Theory.

As Pasteur learned more about bacteria, he began to think they may be the cause of diseases in humans. When the French silk market was threatened by a disease to silkworms (蝉), Pasteur decided to investigate. He discovered that this disease was caused by germs. By killing them from the silkworm farms, he was able to cease the disease and save the French silk business.

Today Louis Pasteur is known as one of the most important scientists in history. His discoveries led to an understanding of bacteria and diseases that has helped save millions and millions of lives.

43. After his children’s deaths, Louis Pasteur 　　　.

　 　 A. became afraid of infectious diseases

　 　 B. was frustrated and wanted to do nothing

　 　 C. decided to find out how to treat the disease

　 　 D. didn’t know it was typhoid fever that caused their deaths

44. What is implied about Louis Pasteur’s discovery in Paragraph 3?

　 　 A. It supported what most people thought at that time.

　　 B. It revealed that bacteria often appeared out of nowhere.

　 　 C. It attracted the attention of the Father of Germ Theory.

　 　 D. It was a very important discovery in the history of biology.

45. What does the underlined word “cease” in Paragraph 4 probably mean?

　 　 A. End.　　　　　　　　 B. Find.　　　　　　　　 C. Develop.　 　 D. Spread.

46. What is the text mainly about?

　 　 A. A disease that killed children easily in history.

　 　 B. A great scientist in the field of biology in history.

　 　 C. Some of the most important scientists in history.

　 　 D. Some of the most important discoveries in history.

B

The English spoken in Australia, Great Britain and America has a surprising number of differences. Here are some of the common differences that you will find between these three kinds of English.

Pronunciation among the three types of English can be different. In American English, the “r” at the end of a word almost always affects its pronunciation, while in Australian and British English, the “r” is often silent. Australian English is unique due to the fact that many words have sounds that are gone. Instead of saying “good day”, Australian speakers say “g’day”. The main pronunciation difference between the three, however, is the pronunciation of the vowel (元音) sounds.

Not only do the three types of English sound different, but they are also spelled differently. In some ways, the spelling shows the difference in pronunciation. For example, Americans use the word airplane. In Great Britain, the word is aeroplane, and it is pronounced with an “o” sound. Another example is the word aluminium, which is the UK spelling, and aluminum is the US spelling. Can you find the difference? In this example, the Australian spelling is the same as the UK spelling.

Another common spelling difference between British English and American English is the use of -our or -or at the end of a word. For example, in the UK, colour, flavour, honour are words that all end with -our. In America, they are spelled with -or endings. In Australia, the -our spelling is almost universal.

Also, the endings -re and -er are different between different English dialects. In America, you will go to the theater or fitness center, while in Britain you will visit the theatre or fitness centre. Again, Australian English follows the British way.

39. The main pronunciation difference between American English and British English lies in 　　　.

　 　 A. the sound of “r” at the end of words

　 　 B. the words with sounds that are gone

　 　 C. the vowel sounds of some words

　 　 D. the last sound of many words

40. Which of the following words belongs to the Australian spelling?

　 　 A. Airplane.　　　　 B. Flavor.　　　　　　 C. Theater.　　　 　　　 D. Aluminium.

41. After reading the text, we can learn that 　　　.

　 　 A. Australian English has become the most popular English now

　 　 B. Australian English is more difficult to learn than American English

　 　 C. Australian English is more difficult to follow than American English

　 　 D. Australian English follows the British way more than the American way

42. What’s the author’s purpose in writing this text?

　　 A. To show that English has developed differently in different countries.

　　 B. To tell the differences between American, British and Australian English.

　　 C. To encourage us to explore the differences of English used in different countries.

　　 D. To suggest we speak different English when we are chatting with people from different countries.

第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）

One day Birbal saw an artist who was quite worried. Birbal asked him, “What’s the 　　16　 ?” The artist said, “One day I met a businessman in a party. There he said no artist could portray (为……画像) him perfectly. Hearing this, I accepted his 　　17　 . A few days later when I finished the portrait, I visited him and showed the portrait to him. But 　　18　 　the portrait, he screamed, ‘You have portrayed me in beard!’ I tried to convince him that at the time of the portrait making, he was possessing beard. But he did not 　　19　 　me at all.”

The artist was in tears. Birbal 　　20　 　him and asked further. The artist said, “Sir, then I asked him to give me another 　　21　 　to prove my skills. He 　　22　 . After a few days I visited him with a new portrait. I was quite 　　23　 　this time. But when I saw him he was not clean-shaven. As I 　　24　 , he shouted, ‘This can’t be my picture.’ I said it was not my 　　25　 . However, he declared I 　　26　 　to fulfill my challenge. I asked for one more chance but he 　　27　 　me the next time, too.

Birbal was a kind man; he decided to 　　28　 　the artist. He accompanied　 (陪同) him up to the businessman’s house. Birbal remained outside, whereas the artist entered inside.

As soon as the businessman saw the artist, he said, “Oh, great artist! You are here again! It seems you have come again with some of your rubbish 　　29　 .” The artist replied, “Sir, I’m sure, what I’ve 　　30　 　today will surely match your 　　31　 .”

Saying so, he passed on something to him. The businessman 　　32　 　it and looked. But it was just a mirror. He screamed 　　33　 , “What a silly joke it is!” Then entered Birbal; he said, “I think only mirror can show your present face.”

The businessman was very 　　34　 　to see and hear Birbal. He begged his pardon for what he had done and 　　35　 　the artist well.

16. A. mistake　　　　 B. cause　　　　　　　 C. truth　　　　　　 D. difference

17. A. decision　　　　 B. opinion　　　　　 C. battle　　　　　　 D. challenge

18. A. finishing　　　 B. painting　　　　　 C. seeing　　　　　 D. collecting

19. A. listen to　　　　 B. look at　　　　　　 C. trust　　　　　　　 D. understand

20. A. saved　　　　　　 B. comforted　　　 C. followed　　　　 D. supported

21. A. standard　　　　 B. test　　　　　　　　 C. chance　　　　　 D. place

22. A. prepared　　　 B. agreed　　　　　　 C. stopped　　　　 D. managed

23. A. confident　　　 B. free　　　　　　　　 C. positive　　　　 D. content

24. A. feared　　　　　 B. discovered　　　 C. heard　　　　　　 D. believed

25. A. doubt　　　　　 B. trouble　　　　　　 C. fault　　　　　　　 D. duty

26. A. pretended　　　 B. attempted　　　　 C. refused　　　　　 D. failed

27. A. hurt　　　　　　　 B. blamed　　　　　　 C. tricked　　　　　 D. punished

28. A. protect　　　　　 B. help　　　　　　　　 C. employ　　　　　 D. reward

29. A. item　　　　　　 B. bag　　　　　　　　 C. load　　　　　　　 D. suggestion

30. A. observed　　　 B. brought　　　　　 C. kept　　　　　　　 D. started

31. A. body　　　　　　 B. action　　　　　　 C. dress　　　　　　 D. face

32. A. caught　　　　　 B. reached　　　　　 C. held 　　　　　　 D. touched

33. A. sadly　　　　　　 B. proudly　　　　　 C. carefully　　　　 D. angrily

34. A. ashamed　　　 B. worried　　　　　 C. disappointed　 D. surprised

35. A. served　　　　　 B. paid　　　　　　　　 C. praised　　　　　 D. knew

15. — Repetition in learning a foreign language can be boring, but it is the key to your success.

　　 — 　　　. Practice makes perfect.

　　 A. It’s the same old case　　　　　　　　 B. That’s all right　

　　 C. I couldn’t agree more　　　　　　　　 D. It sounds a good idea

14. Unless she 　　　　the work to my satisfaction, I shall not pay her for it.　

　　 A. has done　　　 B. had done　　　　　 C. will do　　　 　 D. did