5. Learning to learn　　　

Step 5 Writing

4. Grammar : 一般过去时和一般将来时的被动语态

英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语

态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。例如：

Many people speak Chinese.

谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。

被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：

Chinese is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。

1)一般过去时的被动语态构成：

was/were+p.p.(过去分词)eg:

Liu Xiang was helped by a special programme.

Liu Xiang’s races were recorded.

2)一般将来的被动语态构成：

shall/will be+p.p.(过去分词)eg:

Liu Xiang will be encouraged to go for more medals for China.

Will he be encouraged to spend more time away from sport?

3. It was set up in 2001 to help young sportsmen and sportswomen.

它(特殊项目)建立于2001年,用来帮助年轻运动员.

　 set up表示"建立,设立;创办(组织,企业);制定(计划等)如:

　 She plans to set up her own business.她计划企业办自己的企业.

　 We need to set a meeting to discuss the plan.我们需要开个会来讨论这个计划.

2. Liu was encouraged at first to train as a high jumper.起初,教练支持刘翔练跳高.

　 encourage sb. to do sth.表示"鼓励某人做某事".在本句中,encourage一词用于被动语态,表示刘翔是"被鼓励"去某事,而不是他"鼓励"别的人去做某事. 如:

Ms Wang always encourages us to speak English in class.王老师总是鼓励我们课　

上见讲英语.

　 We were encouraged to learn foreign languages at school.学校鼓励我们学习外语.

1.　　　 And now that he's well known all over the world, Liu Xiang will also be asked to appear in advertisements and films, and even to record music.

　 现在由于刘翔已经世界闻名了,他还会被邀请做广告,拍电影,甚至录唱片.

　 now that 常常用为一种新的情况或状况做出解释,表示"既然:由于".如:

Now that Mr has arrived , we can begin our meeting.既然刘先生已经到了,我们就

开会吧.

3. Answer the questions in Activity 4.

1) As a symbol, what does Liu Xiang represent?

2) Why does the passage say Liu Xiang is not an overnight success?

3) What was Liu Xiang advised to do in 1998?

4) What was the special programme set up in 2001?

5) What will he be encouraged to do in the future?

Step 4 Explain the important and difficult points

2. Complete the time line with the notes in Activity 3.

1. Read the passage and choose the sentence which best expresses the main idea.

Liu Xiang____.

a) was helped by his sports school to become a gold medal winner

b)will be encouraged to be a star and not a sporting hero

c) has trained for many years , and will continue to win medal for sport

3. Read the passage again.

Step 3 Do exercises

2. Play the tape and have them read and follow.