1. The teacher asked us _____ so much noise.
A. don’t make B. not make
C. not making D. not to make
[解析]选D。考查ask后面复合宾语的用法,即ask somebody to do以及不定式的否定形式,即not to do。
2. 特殊变化
(1)若直接引语是表示“建议”的祈使句或疑问句,通常变为 “suggested+宾语从句(或动名词)”结构
He said,” Let’s go to the park.”
= He suggested(our) going to the park.
[点拨]表示建议、要求、劝告的祈使句都可以用此句型
(2)直接引语是感叹句时,间接引语可以用what或how引导,也可以用that引导
She said,” What a lovely day it is!”
=She said what a lovely day it was.=She said that it was a lovely day.
[典型例题]
1. 一般变化
(1) 如果直接引语是表示命令、请求的祈使句,通常将祈使句的动词原形变成动词不定式,并在动词不定式前加上动词ask, tell, order, advise, invite, request, warm, beg, command, encourage等,其中动词的使用须视句义与说话者当时的语气或态度而定
注意:
a. 间接引语中引述动词不能用say。
b. 如果祈使句是否定形式,则不定式前加上否定词never或not。
c. 祈使句中的please在间接引语中必须省去。
(2)非祈使句形式的请求、命令等的直接引语变为间接引语,变法同上。
“Please sit down and have a rest.” she said to us.
= She asked us to sit down and have a rest.
[点拨]依据说话者的语气,注意转述动词的选择。
5. play a part (in)扮演一个角色;参与
[重点句型]
even if/though----
[基础过关]even if/though是一个连词意思为“即使、虽然”
Even if we can go out for play, we won’t do.
即使我们能出去玩,我们也不想去。
[拓展延伸]even if 与even though可以互换,但even if 更强调假定性。
引导让步状语从句的引导词although, though, no matter, whenever, wherever, however 等。
As也可以引导让步状语从句,但要把其表语,谓语原形,宾语前置,且前置的单数名词不可以用冠词。
Whatever you do ,do it well. 不管你做什么,把他做好。
Girl as/though she is, she can go alone in the darkness.
尽管她是个女孩,她敢一个人走夜路。
[即境活用]
I’m determined to get a seat for the concert ___it means standing in a queue all night.
A. as though B. Even if C. in case D. so that
[解析]B 考查连词辨析。句意“我决心得到一张音乐会的座位,即使意味着整夜排队。”
believe it or not信不信由你
believe it or not信不信由你(用于口语中,相当于插入语)。
Believe it or not, he asked me to tell you a lie!
信不信由你,他要我向你说谎!
[拓展延伸]可用作插入语的某些不定式短语,常见的还有:
to tell the truth 老实说
to say nothing of … 更不用说……
to be honest 老实地说
to be frank 坦率地说
to be exact 确切地说
judging from; 依据---判断;(句首常见)
generally speaking; 一般说来(句首常见)
[即境活用]
He isn’t all right,_____,he isn’t right sometimes.
A. to be honest B. Generally speaking C. to tell the truth D. that is (to say)
[答案]D 考查短语意思辨析
语法核心突破
祈使句直接引语变间接引语
当我们转述祈使句时,通常将原句中的动词变为动词不定式,并在不定式的前面加上ask, order, tell等转述动词,如果祈使句为否定式,在不定式的前面加上not
4. such as像这样的(用来列举事物)。
I visited several cities, such as New York, Chicago and Boston.
我游览过几个城市,像纽约、芝加哥、波士顿等
辨析:for example, such as, such…as:that is;
for example 用来列举同类中的一个为例,可以是一个句子,也可以是一个单词或词组。在句中的位置较灵活,可位于句首、句中或句尾
For example, he is very brave.
比如,他非常勇敢。
such as 用来列举事物(一类),放在被列举的事物与前面的名词之间,as之后切不可有逗号(列举部分事例)。
that is 用来列举全部事物,故在被列举事例前面,并用逗号隔开
区别上述三个短语的关键是:
1)判断是列举部分举例还是列举全部事例,2)在句中的位置。3) 举例说明还是列举
This machine is very useful in daily life, such as in making bread.
这台机器在日常生活中是很有用的,比如做面包。
such…as… 意思是“像……那样的”,其中as为介词,不能同etc.和and so on连用。例如:
Such men as Edison, Einstein and Lincoln are great men.
像爱迪生、爱因斯坦和林肯这样的人都是伟人。
[即境活用]
The teacher praised him very often, ____he is a good student in our class.
A. such as B. For example C. such---as D. That is
[答案]D
3. make use of 利用;使用
[典例]
1). You ought to make good use of any opportunity to practise English. 你应该好好利用机会练习英语。
[短语归纳]
make good use of 好好利用 make full use of 充分利用
make the best/most of 充分利用
[即境活用]
1). 要充分利用一切机会说英语。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2). 我们要很好地发挥她的才能。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案: 1). Make full use of every chance you have to speak English.
2). We will make good use of her talents.
2. come up
(1)(人)走近;靠近
He came up smiling to me 他微笑着向我走来
(2)(太阳,月亮)升起
The sky was dark blue and clear when the moon came up.
月亮出来时,天空是深蓝色的,非常晴朗
(3)出席;出现
I came up for interview but didn’t get the job.
我到场接受了面议,但并没得到工作
(4)发芽;长出
New shoots of bamboo will come up from around the roots of the old ones.
从老(竹)竿的根周围又会长出新的幼芽(竹笋)来
[拓展延伸]
Come up with (针对问题等)提出,想出,提供
Come about 发生
come across 邂逅
come at 攻击,向……扑来
come from 出身于
come out 出版;开花
come to 达到;苏醒;谈到
come after 跟在……后面
come along 一起来,过来
come down 下来,败落
come on 加油,跟我来,进行,进展
come in 进来
[即境活用]
He_____to Beijing days ago; and he will work for months as a visiting professor in Beijing University.
A. come up B. camp up C. went down D. leaves for
[答案]B 考查动词短语的辨析。come up to 此处意思是“到达----”符合题意。时态与ago保持一致。
1. because of
because of 因为,由于(为复合介词,后接名词或代词)。
He had to retire because of ill health.
他因为健康状况不佳,所以不得不退休
[拓展延伸] because, as, since, for都表示原因,但意义不同
because直接原因,语气最强。回答why提出的问题只能用because。在强调句型中,也只能用because。
as 用于解释做某事的原因,语气较弱,通常位于主句前。
since 表示的原因是指众所周知的事实,意思“既然”。语气比because弱。通常位于主句前,并常与as换用
for 并列连词,连接并列分句,表示一种补充说明,是推测或判断的理由,语气较弱
Because 接从句,because of接名词,代词,动名词
7. block vt. 堵塞;阻碍n. 街区;木块;石块
[典例]
1). He lives three blocks away from here. 他住的地方与此处相隔三条街.
2). A large crowd blocked the corridors and exits. 人群把走廊和出口都堵死了
[重点用法]
a block of 一大块
block out 堵住
block off 封锁;封闭
block up 堵塞;阻碍
[即境活用]中译英
1). 他们在绕楼群散步。
_______________________________________________________________________________
2). 大雪阻塞了所有通往苏格兰的道路。
_______________________________________________________________________________
答案:
1). They are taking a walk round the block.
2). Heavy snow is blocking all roads into Scotland.
[重点短语]
6. recognize vt. 辨认出;承认
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