7.7 不定式作状语 1)目的状语　 To… only to (仅仅为了),　in order to,　so as to,　so(such)… as to… (如此……以便……) 　He ran so fast as to catch the first bus.　他飞快地跑以便赶上第一班车。 　I come here only to say good-bye to you.　我来仅仅是向你告别。 2)作结果状语，表事先没有预料到的，要放在句子后面。 　What have I said to make you angry. 　He searched the room only to find nothing. 3)　表原因 　I'm glad to see you. 典型例题 　The chair looks rather hard, but in fact it is very comfortable to ___.　 　A. sit　 B. sit on　 C. be seat　 D. be sat on 答案：B.　如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应有必要的介词。当动词与介词连用时，常位于"形容词+动词不定式"结构的末尾。

7.5 不定式作表语 　不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如： 　 My work is to clean the room every day. 　 His dream is to be a doctor. 7.6 不定式作定语 　 不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如： 　　I have a lot of work to do.　 　　So he made some candles to give light.

7.4 It's for sb.和 It's of sb. 1)for sb. 常用于表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult,　 interesting, impossible等： 　 It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。 2)of sb的句型一般用表示人物的性格，品德，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。 　 It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。 　 for 与of 的辨别方法： 　用介词后面的代词作主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果道理上通顺用of，不通则用for。如： 　 You are nice.　(通顺，所以应用of)。 　 He is hard.　(人是困难的，不通，因此应用for。)

7.3 不定式主语 1) It's easy (for me) to do that.我做这事太容易了 easy,　difficult,　 hard,　 important,　 possible,　 impossible,　comfortable,　 necessary,　 better;　 the first,　 the next,　　the last,　the best,　too much,　too little,　not enough 　It's so nice to hear your voice. 　听到你的声音真高兴。 　It's necessary for you to lock the car when you do not use it. 　当你不用车的时候，锁车是有必要的。 2) It's very kind of you to help us.　他帮助我们，他真好。 Kind,　nice,　 stupid,　rude,　 clever,　foolish,　thoughtful,　thoughtless,　brave,　considerate(考虑周到的),　silly,　 selfish(自私的) 例句: 　　It was silly of us to believe him.　我们真愚蠢，竟然相信了他。 　　It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything.　他不给他们任何东西，这显得太自私了。 注意：1) 其他系动词如，look， appear等也可用于此句型 　　2) 不定式作为句子成分时，动词用单数形式。 　　3) 当不定式作主语的句子中又有一个不定式作表语时，不能用It is… to…的句型 　　(对)To see is to believe.　百闻不如一见。 　　(错)It is to believe to see.

7.2 不定式作补语 1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do) advise　 allow　 appoint　 believe　 cause　 challenge　command　 compel　　 consider　 declare　 drive　　enable　encourage　 find　　 forbid　 force　　guess　 hire　　imagine　 impel　　induce　 inform　instruct　invite　 judge　　 know　　 like　　order　　 permit　persuade　 remind　 report　request　 require　select　send　　 state　 suppose　 tell　　 think　 train　　trust　 understand　urge　　 warn　 例句： 　 a.　Father will not allow us to play on the street.　　　　 　 父亲不让我们在街上玩耍。 　 b.　We believe him to be guilty. 　 我们相信他是有罪的。 Find 的特殊用法： 　Find 后可用分词做宾补，或先加形式宾语，再加形容词，最后加带to 的动词不定式。find后也可带一个从句。此类动词还有get，have。 　　I found him lying on the ground. 　　I found it important to learn. 　　I found that to learn English is important. 典型例题: 　The next morning she found the man ___ in bed，dead.　 　 A. lying　 B. lie　 C. lay　 D. laying　 答案：A.find的宾语后面，用分词或分词短语，起宾语补足语作用。现在分词表达主动，也表达正在进行，过去分词表达被动。 2) to + be 的不定式结构，作补语的动词。 Acknowledge,　believe,　consider,　think,　declare(声称), 　discover, fancy(设想),　feel　 find,　guess,　 judge,　imagine,　　know,　 prove,　　　see(理解), show,　　 suppose,　　 take(以为),　 understand 　 We consider Tom to be one of the best students in our class. 　 我们认为汤姆是班上最好的学生之一。 典型例题 　 Charles Babbage is generally considered　___ the first computer.　 A. to invent　B. inventing　 C. to have invented　 D. having invented　 答案：A. 由consider to do sth. 排除B、D。. 此句只说明发明这一个事实，不定式后用原形即可。而C为现在完成时，发明为点动词一般不用完成时，且此处也不强调对现在的影响，因此不选C。 3) to be +形容词 Seem,　　 appear,　　be said,　be supposed,　 be believed,　be thought,　be known,　 be reported,　hope, wish,　 desire,　　want,　　 plan,　 expect,　　 mean… 　The book is believed to be uninteresting. 　人们认为这本书没什么意思。 4)　there be+不定式 believe, expect, intend, like, love, mean, prefer, want, wish, undrstand 　We didn't expect there to be so many people there.我们没料到会有那么多人在哪里。 注意 ： 有些动词需用as 短语做补语，如regard, think believe, take, consider. 　We regard Tom as our best teacher.　我们认为汤姆是我们最好的老师。 　Mary took him as her father .　玛丽把他当作自己的父亲。

7.1 不定式作宾语 1) 动词+ 不定式 afford　 aim　 appear　agree　 arrange　ask　　be　　 decide　bother　care　choose　 come　　 dare　 demand　desire　determine　　 expect　　elect　endeavor　　　hope　　　　fail　 happen　 help　hesitate　learn　 long　　mean　 manage　 offer　 ought　 plan　prepare　pretend　 promise　 refuse　seem　 tend　 wait　　 wish　　 undertake 举例：　 　The driver failed to see the other car in time. 　 司机没能及时看见另一辆车。 　I happen to know the answer to your question. 　 我碰巧知道你那道问题的答案。 2)动词+不定式 ；　动词+宾语+不定式 ask, beg, choose, expect , hate, help intend like, love, need prefer, prepare, promise, want, wish… 　I like to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢每件东西都保持整洁。 　I like you to keep everything tidy.　我喜欢你年使每件东西都保持整洁。 I want to speak to Tom.　 我想和汤姆谈话。 I want you to speak to Tom.　 我想让你和汤姆谈话。 3) 动词+疑问词+ to decide, know, consider forget, learn, remember, show, understand, see, wonder, hear, find out, explain, tell 　Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。 　There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。 注意:疑问词带不定式在句中作成分时，谓语动词用单数。 　 The question is how to put it into practice. 　 问题是怎样把它付诸实施。

7. 动词不定式

11.28 时态与时间状语 　　　　　时间状语 一般现在时　every …, sometimes,　at …, on Sunday, 一般过去时　yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982, just now 一般将来时　next…, tomorrow, in+时间, 现在完成时　for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always, recently 过去完成时　 before, by, until, when, after, once, as soon as 过去进行时　this morning, the whole morning, all day, yesterday, from nine to ten last evening… when, while 将来进行时　soon, tomorrow, this evening, on Sunday, by this time, tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening

11.23 一般现在时代替过去时 1 )"书上说"，"报纸上说"等。 　 The newspaper says that it's going to be cold tomorrow. 　 报纸上说明天会很冷的。 2) 叙述往事，使其生动。 　 Napoleon's army now advances and the great battle begins. 11.24 一般现在时代替完成时 1) 有些动词用一般现在时代替完成时： hear, tell, learn, write , understand, forget, know, find , say,　remember. 　 I hear (= have heard) he will go to London. 　I forget (=have forgotten) how old he is. 2) 句型 " It is … since…"代替"It has been … since …" 3) It is (= has been) five years since we last met. 11.25 一般现在时代替进行时 1) 句型：Here comes… ； There goes… 　 Look, here comes Mr. Li. 11.26 现在进行时代替将来时 1) 表示即将发生的或预定中计划好的活动。 　Are you staying with us this weekend? 这周和我们一起度周末吗? 　We are leaving soon.　 我们马上就走。 2) 渐变动词，如：get, run, grow, become, begin及die。 　He is dying. 11.27 时态一致 　 1) 如果从句所叙述的为真理或不变的事实，则永远用现在时。 　At that time, people did not know that the earth moves. 　He told me last week that he is eighteen. 　 2) 宾语从句中的助动词ought, need, must, dare 时态是不变的。 　 He thought that I need not tell you the truth.

11.21 将来进行时 1) 概念：表示将来某时进行的状态或动作，或按预测将来会发生的事情。 　　She'll be coming soon. 　　I'll be meeting him sometime in the future. 注意：将来进行时不用于表示"意志"，不能说 I'll be having a talk with her. 2)常用的时间状语 Soon, tomorrow, this evening，on Sunday, by this time，tomorrow, in two days, tomorrow evening 　 By this time tomorrow, I'll be lying on the beach. 11.22 一般现在时代替将来时 时间状语从句，条件句中，从句用一般现在时代替将来时 When, while, before, after, till, once, as soon as, so long as, by the time, if, in case (that), unless, even if, whether, the moment, the minute, the day, the year, immediately 　 He is going to visit her aunt the day he arrives in Beijing. 他一到北京，就去看他姨妈。 典型例题 (1)He said he________me a present unless I_______ in doing the experiment. 　A. had not given; had not succeeded　B. would not give; succeed 　C. will not give; succeed　　　 D. would not give; will succeed. 　 答案B. 在时间，条件或让步主语从句中一般不用将来时。本题有He said，故为过去式。主句用将来时，故选B. 此处用一般过去式代替了过去将来时。 (2) 表示现在已安排好的未来事项，行程等活动。 　 The museum opens at ten tomorrow.　博物馆明天10点开门。(实际上每天如此。)