2. By "held back", the author means ___________. A. forced to study in the lower class. B. made to remain in the same class. C. prevented from advancing. D. made to fall behind other students.

1. What's the author's attitude towards "mixed-ability teaching'? A. He agrees to it. B. He doubts the truth of it. C. He is very discontent about it. D. He tries to be objective about it.

3. "Might is right" in the last sentence means that __________. A. those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong. B. only those who are powerful should go to war. C. those who are fight should fight against those who are wrong. D. in a way only those who are powerful will win.

Correct answers:　　　BCA　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

本篇短文由一个现象谈起：史书更多地记载征服者，将军士兵；很少涉及真正推动历史的普通人，进而批判了国际政治斗争中的一种谬误：战争的胜利一方就是道义上正确的的一方，就是推动人类文明发展的一方。呼吁通过和平手段解决纷争。

本篇短文的题2和题3涉及对中心主旨的理解。 题2问及文明人解决纷争的正确方式，自然应当选C， settle their quarrels without fighting 。但许多同学错选了D， 意思恰恰反了，说明没有读懂短文，没有抓住作者的基本思想。 题3问及短文最后总结句中的“Might is Right”的意思。作者在文章的最后分析了那些总是企图通过武力解决纷争的人的哲学，即他们相信“强权即公理”，题3的答案是A， those who fight believe that the winner is right and the loser wrong.。许多同学错选了C。 C所表达的的精神是永远正确的，但“Might is Right”是作者在文中批判的一种错误的政治哲学；而且C的内容根本没有在本文讨论，所以C不对。选C的同学显然没有领悟文章最后一段的意思，没有抓住作者的基本思想。

选自2002-2003年东城区高三期末考试英语试卷　 2003.1

Passage 20 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 　

We find that bright children are not often held back by mixed-ability teaching.　 On the contrary, both their knowledge and experience are improved.　 We feel that there are many disadvantages in streaming pupils, a way to teach pupils in groups according to their ability.　 It does not pay attention to the fact that children develop at different speed.　 It can have a bad effect on both the bright and not-so-bright children.　 After all it can be quite discouraging to be at the bottom of the top grade!

Besides, it is rather unreal to grade people just according to their intellectual (智力的) ability.　 This is only one aspect (方面) of their total personality.　 We are concerned to develop the abilities of all our pupils to the full, not just their academic (学术理论的) ability.　 We also value personal qualities (品质) and social skills, and we find that mixed-ability teaching helps improve all these aspects of learning.

In our classroom, we work in various ways.　 The pupils often work in groups; this gives them the chances to learn to co-operate, to share, and to develop leadership skills.　 They also learn how to deal with personal problems as well as learning how to think, to make decisions, at analyze and evaluate (分析和评价), and to communicate effectively.　 The pupils learn from each other as well as from the teacher.

Sometimes the pupils work in pairs; sometimes they work on individual (个人的) tasks and assignments and they can do this at their own speed.　 They also have some formal class teaching when this is right and suitable.　 We encourage our pupils to　 use the library, and we teach them the skills they need in order to do this effectively.　 An advanced pupil can do advanced work; it does not matter what age the child is.　 We expect our pupils to do their best, not their least, and we give them every encouragement to achieve this goal.

2. The author says that civilized people should __________. A. not have any quarrels to settle. B. not fight when there are no quarrels to settle. C. settle their quarrels without fighting. D. settle their quarrels by seeing which side can kill off the greater number of the other side.

1. In the author's opinion, the countries that ruled over a large number of other countries are __________. A. possibly the most civilized but not the greatest. B. possibly the greatest in some degree but not the most civilized. C. certainly not the greatest in any way. D. neither the greatest nor the most civilized.

3. What can be inferred from the fourth paragraph? A. Farm areas accept waste from the city in modern society. B. There is cheap land to bury waste in modern society. C. It is difficult to find space to bury waste in modern society. D. Ways to deal with waste in modern society stay the same.

2. During the 18th century, people disposed their waste in many ways EXCEPT for __________. A. burying it. B. recycling it. C. burning it. D. throwing it into rivers.

1. The most suitable title for this passage would be __________. A. Places for Disposing Waste B. Waste Pollution Dangers C. Ways of Getting Rid of Waste D. Waste Disposal Problem