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5. I allow Tina ______ my computer.

    A. use              B. using             C. to use            D. uses

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4. -----What do you think of your Chinese teacher ?  ----She is always ______ with us .

A. excited          B. afraid             C. kind             D. patient

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3. He was ________ because English grammar is ________.

A. frustrated, frustrated                B. frustrating, frustrating

C. frustrated, frustrating               D. frustrating, frustrated

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2. She thinks the best way _________ English is ________ English magazines.

A. to learn, read   B. to learn, by reading        C. learning, reading   D. learning, to read

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1.    Some students were afraid _________ in class because they thought their classmates might

laugh at them.

A. of speak        B. to speak        C. speak          D. to speaking

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3.I don’t think fifteen-year-olds should be allowed to get their ear pierced.

我认为不应该允许十五岁的孩子扎耳眼儿。

[精析] 含有情态动词的被动语态       构成:情态动词 + be done

e.g. Everything that can be done has been done. 能做的都已经做了。 

Young trees must be watered often. 必须经常给小树浇水。

Your mistakes should be corrected right now. 你必须立即改错。

The door may be locked inside.   门可能从里面锁上了

 

Ⅰ. 单项选择:

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2. Worrying about our problems can affect how we do at school. 焦虑会影响我们在校表现。

[精析]   动名词由动词 + ing构成,否定形式为not doing,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语。

1) 作主语。

e.g.  Climbing mountains is really fun.  爬山是真有趣。

Being careless is not a good habit.  粗心不是一个好习惯。

注意:动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。在It is no use/good,  not any use/good,  useless等后常用动名词。

e.g.  Playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火)

To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一具体动作)

It is no use/ good/ a waste of time arguing with him. 跟他争论没用/没好处/是浪费时间。

It is fun/ hard playing with children.  和孩子们一起玩真好/很难。

2) 作表语。

e.g. Your task is cleaning the windows.  你的任务就是擦窗户。

3) 作介词、某些形容词、或动词的宾语

常见后面出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语的动词和短语有:advise, allow, consider, enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, miss, put off, practice, suggest,give up, can’t stand, cannot help; depend on, think about, set about, succeed in, worry about, , be/ get used to, look forward to, pay attention to, get down to, be interested in, thank you for, feel like等。

e.g.  He finds watching movies frustrating. 他觉得看电影很沮丧。

He’s practicing playing the piano. 他正在练习弹钢琴。

We are busy preparing for the sports meeting.  我们正忙着为运动会做准备。

I look forward to hearing from you soon. 我期待很快收到你的来信。

Excuse me for coming late. 抱歉我来迟了。

They make a living by selling souvenirs to the tourists.    他们靠向游客出售纪念品谋生。

What about reading aloud to practice pronunciation? 朗读以练习发音如何?

注意:⑴ forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别。

e.g.  I mean to come early today. 我打算今天早些来。

Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时。

⑵ 在allow,advise,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语。

e.g.  We don’t allow smoking here. 我们这儿不允许抽烟。

We don’t allow students to smoke. 我们不允许抽烟。

⑶ 动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后动名词的主动式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义。如:

e.g. The window needs/ requires/ wants cleaning/ to be cleaned. 窗户需要清洗。

Her plan is worth trying. 她的计划值的一试。

⑷在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别。有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为。

⑸start,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式。

但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语:当主语是物而不是人时;当start或begin以-ing形式出现时,当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时。

e.g.  It started to snow. 开始下雨了。

He is beginning to cook dinner. 他开始做饭了。

I began to understand what he meant. 我开始理解了他的意思。

⑹ 在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式。

4)作定语。 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途。

drinking water = water that is for drinking

a washing machine = a machine for washing

a reading room = a room for reading

5) 动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。

e.g.  His coming made me very happy. 他的到来使我很高兴。

Mary’s (不可用Mary) being ill made her mother upset.  玛丽病了,使她妈妈很着急。

Is there any hope of Xiao Wang’s winning? 小王有希望胜出吗?

Would you mind my/me using your computer?  用下你的电脑介意吗?

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1.  It's/was + 形容词 + for/ of sb. (not) to do sth.  做某事对...来说......

[精析]   此句型中的it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。形容词为brave,

 careless, clever, polite, wrong, kind, good, nice, foolish, rude , selfish等描述不定式行为者的性格、品行时,介词用of;形容词只对不定式行为作某种描述,如difficult, hard, easy, important, dangerous, possible, impossible, necessary 等时,介词用for.

e.g.  It wasn’t easy for me to understand the teacher. 听懂老师的话并不容易。

It is impossible for him to carry such a big box.== It's impossible that he carries a big box. 

搬这么大的一个箱子对他来说是不可能的。

It’s very kind of you to say so. == You're kind to say so. 谢谢你这样说。

[拓展] sb. think /find/ feel it (is)+adj. +for/ of  sb. +to do sth. 认为/发现/感觉做某事对于某人

来说…

e.g.  I think it’s necessary for us to learn to wait. 我认为学会等待对我们来说是有必要的。

I found it (was) frustrating to watch English movies. 我发现看英语电影很令人沮丧。

He finds it exciting to go bungee jumping. 他发现蹦极是很激动人心。

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8.used to be/ do 过去常常(与现在形成对照)。

e.g.  I used to work hard.我过去常常努力工作。(现在不努力了)

People used to believe the earth was flat.过去人们认为地球是平的。

There used to be a cinema here, didn't there? 那儿过去是一家电影院,是吗?

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 妈妈过去不是这么健忘。

[辨析]  be/ get/ become used to sth/ doing sth. 习惯于/变得习惯于,used是个分词型形容词to

是介词,因此后面只能跟名词、代词或动名词。be强调状态,get/become强调由“不惯”到“习惯于”这一动态的过程。

e.g.  He was used to the cold weather after he lived there for two years.

在那里住两年后,他已习惯了寒冷的天气。

The little boy has been used to the local foods now. 这个小男孩已经习惯了当地的食物。

They got used to living in the countryside.他们已习惯于住在农村。

[联想]有时be used to do是动词use的被动语态,在这种结构里,to是不定式符号。 也可以

使用介词for,即be used for doing

e.g.  Wood is often used to make/ for making desks and chairs. 木头常常被用来制作桌椅。

 

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7. allow/permit sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事

e.g. Allow me to introduce Miss Mary. 请允许我介绍一下玛丽小姐。

   My father won't allow me to drive. 我爸爸不让我开车。

[辨析] allow和let都表示“让,允许”,但它们的具体用法各有区别。allow多用于正式的英语中,其意“允许”只是“不加阻止”而已。let后可跟副词作宾词补足语,也可跟不带to的不定式作宾语补足语。

e.g. Let me in. 让我进去。

They let the stranger go/ The stranger was let go. 他们放陌生人走了。

注意:  let 一般不用于被动式,其被动式一般要改用allow或permit来代替。

e.g. The nurse let me go to see my classmate in the hospital. ---->

   I was allowed / permitted to see my classmate in the hospital.那护士让我去探望住院同学。

Passengers are not allowed to smoke. 乘客不得吸烟。

[联想] sb. don't allow doing是可以的,表示“不允许做某事”,不强调宾语。试比较:

     We don't allow smoking here.  我们不允许在这儿吸烟。

We don’t allow students to smoke. 我们不允许学生吸烟。

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