5、(2008海南、宁夏文、理)平面向量，共线的充要条件是(　　 )

A. ，方向相同　　　　　　 B. ，两向量中至少有一个为零向量　　　　　　　　

C. ，　　 　　　　 D. 存在不全为零的实数，，

4．(2008广东理)已知命题p：所有有理数都是实数，命题q：正数的对数都是负数，

则下列命题中为真命题的是　 (　　 )

　　 A．　　　 B.　　 C.　 　D.

3．(2008福建文)a=1”是“直线和直线互相垂直”的(　　 )条件

　　 A．充分不必要　　 B．必要不充分　　 C．充要　　 D．既不充分也不必要

2．(2008安徽文、理)是方程至少有一个负数根的(　　 )

A．必要不充分条件 　　　　 　　　 B．充分不必要条件

C．充分必要条件　　　　　 　　　　 D．既不充分也不必要条件

1．2008浙江文、理)已知，b都是实数，那么“”是“>b”的(　　 )

(A)充分而不必要条件　　　　　　　　 (B)必要而不充分条件

(C)充分必要条件　　　 　　　　　　　(D)既不充分也不必要条件

78.To hide plans/information/messages　　 　　　　　　 79.keep secrets　 　　　　　　　 80. Defeating　

74. meaningful (useful) information/messages　 　　 75. Purposes/Aims　

6. The boss/manager　 7.money　 8. secretaries 9. lose sight　 10.might be killed

(十四)

If you and your friends wish to share a secret, you can write it in code, and no one else will be able to read it. Codes are one way of writing in secrets. Ciphers(暗码) are another. In the code each word is written as a secret code or word number. In a cipher each letter is changed.

Codes and ciphers have played an important role in the history of the word. Julius Caesar, the Roman ruler who defeated almost all the countries in Europe about 2000years ago, used a cipher when he sent secret messages to his troops. During American Revolution, George Washington’s spies used a kind of code to send him information about the enemy before his military(军事的) action. In World War 2,the American “broke”, or figured out, Japan’s most important navy codes and got enough information to destroy a powerful Japanese fleet(舰队)。

Storekeepers use codes to mark their goods. The codes show how much was paid for the goods or when they were added to the stock. Businessman use codes to hide plans from their business enemies. Sometimes personal letters or diaries are written in code. Many people enjoy figuring out codes and ciphers simply as a hobby.

In the 16^th century, codes and ciphers were very popular among scientists. They wrote messages to each other in code so that no one else would learn their secrets. Geronimo Gardano, an Italian astrologer(星相家),mathematician, and doctor, invented the trellis ciphers. He took two sheets of paper and cut exactly the same holes in each one. Then he sent one sheet, which he called a trellis, to a friend and kept the other for himself. Whenever he wanted to write a message, he put his trellis, over the clean sheet of paper and wrote the secret message through the holes. Then he removed the trellis and filed the rest of the paper with words that would make sense. When his friends received it, He put his trellis over the writing and read the secret message.

Title 71.　　　　　 　

10. unfamiliar experiences

(十三)

Without most people realizing it, there has been a revolution in office work over the last ten years. Before that time, large computers were only used by large, rich companies that could afford the investment. With the advancement of technology, small computers have come onto the market, which are capable of doing the work that used to be done by much larger and expensive computers, so now most smaller companies can use them

　　　 The main development in small computers has been in the field of word processors (处理器) , or WPS as they are often called. 40% of British offices are now estimated to have a word processor and this percentage is growing fast.

　　　 There are many advantages in using a word processor for both secretary and manager. The secretary is freed from a lot of daily work, such as re-typing letters and storing papers. He or she can use this time to do other more interesting work for the boss. From a manager’s point of view, secretarial time is being made better use of and money can be saved by doing daily jobs automatically outside office hours.

　　　 But is it all good? If a lot of daily secretarial work can be done automatically, surely this will mean that fewer secretaries will be needed. Another worry is the increasing medical problems related to work with visual display units (显示器). The case of a slow loss of sight among people using word processors seems to have risen greatly. It is also feared that if a woman works at a VDU for long hours, the unborn child in her body might be killed. Safety screens to put over a VDU have been invented but few companies in England bother to buy them.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

　　　 Whatever the arguments for and against word processor, they are a key feature (特征) of this revolution in office practice.

Keys: 1. replace 2. most smaller companies　 3.improved　 4.disadvantages　 5.daily work

6. contribute to　 7. leadership skills　 8. personal problems 　 9. effectively 　　　 10. as well as

(十二)

There are two basic ways to see growth: one as a product, the other as a process. People have generally viewed personal growth as an external (外在的) result or a product that can easily be identified and measured．The worker who gets a rise, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these examples of people who have measurable results to show for their efforts．

By contrast (对照) , the process of personal growth is much more difficult to determine, since it is a journey and not the specific signposts or landmarks along the way．The process is not the road itself, but the attitudes, feelings people have , and their caution or courage, as they meet with new experiences and unexpected difficulties．In this process, the journey never really ends；there are always new ways to experience the world, new ideas to try, new challenges to accept．

In order to grow, to travel new roads, people need to have a willingness to take risks, to face the unknown, and to accept the possibility that they may “fail” at first．How we see ourselves as we try a new way of being is necessary for our ability to grow．Do we see ourselves as quick and curious? If so, we tend to take more chances and be more open to unfamiliar experiences．Do we think we’re shy and indecisive? Then our sense of fear can cause us to hesitate, to move slowly, and we think we are slow to adapt (适应) change or that we’re not smart enough to deal with a new challenge．Then we are likely to take a more passive role or not try at all．

These feelings of insecurity (不安全) and self-doubt are both unavoidable and necessary if we are to change and grow．If we protect ourselves too much, then we stop growing．We become trapped inside a shell of our own making．

Keys: 1. Growth　 　　　2. measured　 　　　3. much more difficult 　　　4. get a rise 　 5. their grades 6. caution or courage 　　7. in new ways　 8. new challenges 　 9. take risks