题目列表(包括答案和解析)
1. Every minute should_______to work for the motherland.
A. make use of B. be made of
C. be made use of D. make of
5.主语+及物动语+宾语+宾补
(1)接名词作宾补的动词:find, think, elect, name, call, appoint, consider, make, leave等。如:
They usually call the baby Dick,他们经常把婴儿的名字称为迪克。
(2)接形容词作宾补的动词:keep, get, lay, drink, push, paint, set, turn, drive, let, call, cut, break, open, hold等。如:
She will make him happy.她将使他幸福。
Please cut the stick short.请把这根棍子砍短点。
(3)接副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等作宾补的及物动词:leave, put ,see, notice, watch, observe等。如:
He left me waiting in the rain.他让我在雨中等。
[典例4] I found _____impossible ______him _____his mind.
A. this, to make; change B. it; to make; to change
C. this; to make; to change D. it; to make; change
解析D 及物动词及宾语补足语考查题。根据句子结构分析法可以判断:第一空为形式宾语it,第二空为真正的动词不定式作宾语,第三空为使役动词make后省去to的宾补change。故选D
难点 动词词组的使用与辨析
动词词组的使用和辨析是动词考点中的重点也是难点,考查形式涉及多项选择题中的语法和 和词汇知识题、多项选择式完形填空题、短文改错题多种题型。
[典例1]Kathy _____a lot of Spanish by playing with the native boys and girls.
A. picked up B. took up C. made up D. turned up
解析 A动词词组辨析题。pick up 获得,学到,捡起,使恢复精神;take up开始从事,吸收;make up弥补,虚构;turn up找到,出现。根据句意:凯西通过与当地孩子们玩耍而学到了不少西班牙语。故选A。
[典例2]Helen always helps her mother even though going to school ______most of her day.(2004·广东卷)
A. takes up B. makes up C. saves up D. puts up
解析 A考查动词词组的辨析。海伦总是帮助她的母亲,即使上学占用了她一天中的大部分时间。四个短语的意思分别为:take up占据,填满;make up形成,构成或组成某物;save up储存,储蓄;put up 张贴(海报、通告等),提出(意见)供讨论。根据句意判断take up 合题意。
[典例3] You can take anything from the shelf and read, but please _____the books when you’ve finished them.(2004·全国卷Ⅰ)
A. put on B. put down C. put back D. put off
解析 C 考查动词词组的辨析。此句句意为:你可以从书架上随便拿书去读,但是读完以后请把书放回原处put on 穿上,伪装;put down写下,平定;put off 推迟,搪寒;只有put back放回原处合句意。
[典例4]His mother had thought is would be good for his character to_____from home and earn some money on his own.(2002·北京卷)
A. run away B take away C.keep away D.get away
解析 D 考查动词词组的辨析。四个选项都符合语法要求,再看本句句意:他母亲原本认为他离开家自己赚钱对锻炼他的性格有好处。get away from home的意思正是“离开家”。
小试牛刀
4.主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语
(1)用to变换间接宾语的动词:bring, give, hand, offer, show, teach, throw, pass, pay, send, sell, return, tell, allow, lend等。如:
Could you bring me the book?或 Could you bring the book to me ?请你把那本书带给我好吗?
(2)用for变换间接宾语的动词make,buy,choose,cook,find,get,order,paint,sing, spare,fetch等。如:
He bought me a bottle of ink.或He bought a bottle of ink for me .他为我买了一瓶墨水。
(3)用for和to或其它介词变换间接宾语的动词:do, leave, play等。如:
Will you do me a favor?或 Will you do a favor for me ?你能帮我忙吗?
[典例3] Smoking will______harm to you .Please get rid of it.
A. do B. give C. make D. find
解析 A 接双宾语的动词考查题。此句的harm为直接宾语,to you为间接宾语。句意为:吸烟对你有害,请戒掉烟吧。从搭配而言,常说do sb.harm 或do harm to sb。故选A。
3.主语+系动词+表格
系动词在此句型中的用法:be, become, come, get, smell, taste, feel, sound, remain, stay, appear, go, turn, fall, run, keep等。
(1)系动词+形容词作表语。如:
That argument sounds reasonable,那个观点听起来有道理。
(2)系动词+名词作表语。如:
Later he became an acrobat.他后来成为一名杂技演员。
(3)系动词+副词、介词短语或反身代词作表语。如:
He is near,他在附近。
[典例2]The cooking chicken in the pot ______very good.
A. smells B. feels C. sounds D. tastes
解析 A 系动词考查题。根据The cooking chicken正在煮的的鸡肉,推断出“闻起来很香”,故用smell。其它feel感觉起来;sound听起来;taste尝起来,均不合题意。
2.主语+及物动词+宾语
理解及物动词在此句型中带宾语的用法:
(1)及物动词+名词或代词作宾语。如:
He raised his arms above his head.他把手臂举过头顶。
Will you be spending your holiday abroad this year?你今年准备到国外去度假吗?
(2)及物动词+动名词作宾语。此类及物动词或动词短语有:avoid, mind, miss, suggest, finish, practice, imagine, enjoy, delay, escape, feel like, put off ,insist on ,give up, can’t help, stick to等。如:
I suggested taking a walk.我建议去散步。
You must not give up studying.你不该放弃学习。
(3)及物动词+不定式作宾语。此类及物动词有:afford, agree, ask, expect, hope, want, wish, manage, pretend, decide, determine, learn,
offer, plan, refuse等。如:
I hope to go to college.我希望上大学。
The firm could not afford to pay such large salaries.公司无法支付如此巨额的工资。
(4)既可接动名词又可接动词不定式的动词(见非谓语动词专题之热点)。
1.主语+不及物动词
理解不及物动词在此句型中的常用法:
(1)一般表达型。此类不及物动词常可与表示距离、持续时间、重量、价值等的副词修饰语连用。如:Boy, can you go any farther? Boy, can you go any farther? 伙计,你还走得动吗?
The smoke from our fire rose straight up in the still air.
我们生的火冒出的烟在无风的空气中袅袅上升。
(2)主动形式表示被动含义型。此类常见的动词或短语有:read, sell wash, write, open, draw, wear, happen, take place, break out ,last ,go out ,run out ,cost, spread等。如:
The tickets to the play sold well。那台戏的戏票很畅销。
The accident happened outside my house.这个事故发生在我家房子的外面。
[典例1]Food and drink are _____,but the men are still cheerful and confident.
A. running out B. going out C. spreading D. happening
解析 A 不及物动词的考查。动词run out表示“被用完”; go out 表示“出去,熄灭”;spread表示“传播”;happen表示“发生”。根据句意:食物和饮料快用光了,但这些人仍旧很愉快和自信。
2.实为及物动词却常被误为不及物动词
enter(误为enter into) marry(误为marry with)
reach(误为reach to) mention(误为mention about)
serve(误为serve for) address(误为address to)
approach(误为approach with) salute(误为salute to)
fit(误为fit for) benefit (误为benefit to)
[典例2]She ____John to get away from her step-mother.
A. married B. married with C. married to D. was married
解析A此句中的marry表示“嫁给”,为及物动词,可直接带宾语。
重点2 五种基本句型中的动词使用
简单句的五种基本句型,通常与及物动词、不及物动词和系动词密不可分。
1.几组拼写形式不同而容易混淆的动词
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hang hanged hanged(绞死)
lay laid laid(放置)
hang hung hung(悬挂) lie lied lied(说慌)
lie lay lain(平卧)
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find found found(发现)
fall fell fallen(跌倒)
found founded founded(建立) fell felled felled(砍伐、击倒)
fail failed failed(失败)
[典例1] The carpet where he _____was warm and comfortable, so he slept soundly.
A. was laying B. was lying C. had laid D.了had lied
解析 B 易混淆词辨析题。动词lay表示“搁置、放”时,现在分词为laying,过去分词为laid;而lie作“躺”讲时,现在分词为lying,过去分词为lain,如其过去分词为lied,则含义为“撒谎”。此处为“躺的地方”,故用was lying。
4.关于hurt, wound, injure和harm
(1)hurt:表示“肉体或情感上的痛苦,强调疼痛感”。如:
Many people were hurt when a bus and a truck collided.
一辆公共汽车和一辆卡车相撞,许多人受了伤。
(2)wound:表示“由于剑、刀、枪等锐器造成身体上较严重的外伤,特别是在战争中受伤”。如:The soldier was wounded in the arm.这个士兵的胳膊受伤了。
(3)injure:表示“指意外事故或偶发事件造成的伤害”。如:
There were two people injured in the car accident.
有两个人在车祸中受了伤。
(4)harm: 表示“引起疼痛、痛苦或损失,其对象可以是自己,也可以是其他人或物”。如:Our dog won’t harm you.我们的狗不会伤害你的。
Getting up early won’t harm you!早起对你没有坏处。
[典例4]There was an unexpected explosion in our street, but our building wasn’t_____ at all .
A. hurt B. wounded C. harmed D. injured
解析 C 近义词辨析题目。hurt强调“精神或肉体上的疼痛”;wound强调“刀、枪伤”;harm强调“危害、损失”;injure强调“意外伤害”。名意为:我们住的街道发生了一次意外的爆炸事故,但我们的大楼却丝毫没有受损。故用harmed合句意。
重点 1 两种常错常考的可作谓语的动词
3.关于cost, spend, take和pay
(1)从意义上讲,都可表示“花钱”。如:“我花10元钱买衬衣”。这一句话可有四种翻译:
The shirt cost me ten yuan.
I spent ten yuan on the shirt.
It took me ten yuan to buy the shirt.
I paid ten yuan for the shirt.
(2)结构搭配上的不同
①spend的主语只能是人。
常用结构:sb. +spend(s)+time/money on sth./in doing sth.
②cost的主语只能是指事或物的名词、代词或名词性短语。
常用结构:sth. +cost(s)+ sb. +time/money
③take的主语多为指物的名词。
常用结构:It + takes +time/ money +to do sth.
④pay的主语是人,为买某物而付钱。
常用结构:sb. +pay(s)+ money +for sth.
[典例3] I _____the coat in the supermarket for 260yuan.
A. cost B. paid C. pent D. bought
解析 D近义词辨析题。用cost,则主谓搭配不当;用pay,则260 yuan作宾语;用spend,则与for 260 yuan搭配不当;应选用buy,其用法和搭配均与句意吻合。
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