2．以s结尾的复数名词，只在词尾加“’”。

如：the students’ exercise-books, the boys’ game

英语名词要注意数和格的变化。名词基本分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。可数名词一般有单数和复数两种形式。名词有三个格，即主格、宾格和所有格。主格名词在句中作主语用，宾格名词在句中作宾语。名词的所有格在句中表示所有关系，作定语用。名词所有格有多种形式和用法，现归纳如下：

(一)有生命名词的所有格

1．在单数名词后加“’s”。

如：Mr Li’s car, the Emperor’s new clothes, my father’s books.

[高考语法训练]　

名词与冠词

常用句型: 　

What are your plans for the weekend?

What are your plans for the next summer holiday?

What do you want to do when you leave school?

What kind of job would you like to get?

Which part of China would you like to visit?

What are your greatest wish / desire?

Which countries do you wish you could visit?

What do you wish you had more than anything else in the world?

口语示范: 　Dialogue

A: Sall, what would you like to do since the summer vacation is coming near?

B: Well, I’d like to think about it first and then talk with my parents about it?

A: I dare say, a lot of our classmates are planning to go to Guilin. They say it is a wonderful

　 place of interest .

B: What do you wish to do, Mary?

A: I have no idea now. But I desire to go to my hometown for a visit. I am told that

　 great changes have taken place there since I last went.

B: Yes, I’m thinking of that, too. I think we can do more there for the old folks back home,　

　 and on the other hand I can enjoy the beautiful scenery there. I’m sure I can get refreshed.

A: Good for you.

2. catch

But why did the white people want to catch Africans and put them in chains?

catch作动词用时意义很广,常见意义如下:

The early birds catch the earliest worms. (抓住)

Catch the ball with your both hands. (接住)

The nail caught her dress. (钩住)

I caught my fingers in the door, (夹住)

They caught us before we reached town.(赶上)

I didn’t catch what he said just now.　(听懂)

I caught a smell of burning in the room. (闻到)

I caught the cold from you. (染上)

She caught me smoking a cigarette.(撞上)

The boy knocked on the windows to catch my attention.(吸引注意力)

be caught in +自然界的现象　表示＂突然碰上，赶上＂等．例如：

He has been caught in the rain and is wet through and through.

He was caught in a traffic jam.

catch fire　 着火．

例如：

The cottage caught fire last night, and he got caught in the fire.

catch hold of…抓住．．．．．．(＝get hold of)

例如：

The man caught hold of my hand and wouldn’t let me go.

They got hold of the bar and escaped being washed away.

Catch hold of the rope and I’ll pull you up.

catch sight of…望见．．．．．．　

例如：

One day I was wandering in the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.

I caught sight of a white gate, and a small footpath leading to the field.

catch up with…　赶上．．．．．．　

例如：

I walked as fast as I could, but I just couldn’t catch up with the others.

　 [重点词语辨析]

once in a while ,in a short while

once in a while意为 now and then ,sometimes 即“偶尔，有时”从时态的连用上说，常与一般现在时连用。如：Tom and Maggie go to see a film once in a while .

in a short while表示的是“一会儿，不久”常与将来时连用，表示 “在不久后会…”

　　 I am sure I’ll be back in a short while.

　　 In a short while, all of the guests will find the big mistake they made .　

wide ,widely

wide一词即可作形容词也可做副词，作副词时指(眼睛或嘴)张得很大，或与completely相同:open wide /wide open

e.g.She was wide-eyed with surprise .

　wide-awake =fully awake

　　　 widely作副词使用，over a wide space or range of things 意为“广阔地,广泛地,广大地：

　　　 widely known,　

e.g. He is widely read /has read widely .他博览群书。

It’s widely believed (=by many people )that the senator will lose the election .

[重点词语讲解]

1. fix

Heavy iron chains around his feet and hands were fixed to a metal bar that ran round the hall about ten centimetres off the ground.

be fixed to 被固定在．

fix 做动词时常用于表示如下的意思:

He fixed the picture on the wall. (固定)

The chair was fixed to the floor.(固定)

Let’s fix a date for the party. Would Saturday night suit you? (确定)

We’ll fix the price if you wish.(决定)

If you want to meet them, I can fix it. (安排)

She is fixing supper right now. (做饭)

I’ll fix tea for all of you. (沏茶)

I must get the radio fixed.(修理)

此外还可以用于下列短语:

fix on 决定:

Have you fixed on a date for the party yet?

fix one’s eyes on / upon…注视……

She sat there with her eyes fixed upon the window.

They have fixed their attention on the situation in that country.

fix up 解决; 确定; 装置; 修理等.

They have fixed the matter up now. (解决)

We have fixed up a date for the dance. (确定)

We fixed him up for the evening at our house.(安排住处)

They are busy fixing up the room for her guests. (收拾)

She is fixing up the lights in her room. (安装)

5．I hate ______ when people talk with their mouths full. NMET1993

A. it　　　　 B. that　　　　 C. these　　　 D. them　　　　　　　　

选A　 ，在口语中多用it 指代一个前面提到的事情，这种用法很灵活，较难掌握。本题it即指代后面的宾语从句。

4．I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have ______.

A .it　　　 B .those　　　 C .them　　　　　 D .one　　　　　　 NMET1995

选D,考察不定代词one在语境中的用法。B,C项明显不合题意。it用来代替上文提到的那个名词，不是其他同类的名词，此句中并未出现单数可数名词，提到的是glasses。所以it不合题意。one可以代替上文提到的人或物，这个人或物可以是和前面提到的名词属同一类，本题中的one指a glass和前面提到的glasses属同一类。

3．I don’t think _____ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work .

A .this　　　 B .that　　　 C .its　　　　 D .it　　　　　　　　　 NMET1990

选D，此题考察引导词it作形式宾语的用法。This和 that 为 指示代词用来指代单数名词，不能用作形式宾语，故可排除A，B项C项its是所有格形式用作定语，也不符和题意。故正确答案为D。

2．________is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language .(NMET95)

A . There　 　B .This　 　C . That　 　D . It

选D。该题的考试目的是了解考生是否掌握it作形式主语的主语从句。 “That English is being accepted as an international language”是句子的真正主语。在英语中，为了保持句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常将较长的主语放到句尾，而将it置于句首充当逻辑主语(或称形式主语)。