2. be going to + 动词原型

通常是指说话时已经有迹象表明即将发生某事。例如：

Look at the black clouds. There is going to be a thunderstorm.

She is going to be sick. 她要生病了

I’m too sleepy. I am going to sleep. 我太困了，我要睡觉了

还表示“意图”或“打算”，特别常见于非正式语体。例如：

　　 I’m going to buy a house. 我打算买房子

　　 When are you going to see him? 你打算什么时候去看他？

　　 Who is going to speak first? 谁第一个发言？

用be going to表示的“意图”通常是经过考虑之后才做出的，因而比较肯定；而will表示的“意图”或“意愿”通常是在说话时临时提出的，比较随便。

He is going to be a doctor when he grows up. 他长大后打算做个工程师

There’s someone at the door. I’ll go and open it. 有人敲门，我去开门

1. will / shall + 动词原型

will 和shall是情态动词的助动词，它们可以表示多种多样的情态意义，比如表示：“意愿、意图、预见、估计……”，其中表示“预见”和对将来情况的“估计”便是will 和shall表示将来的语法作用。例如：

We will arrive tonight. 我们会在今晚到达

You will win the game, I’m sure. 我肯定你会打赢这场比赛

He won’t come to the party next week. 他下周不会来参加聚会

It will rain tomorrow. 明天将要下雨

shall用语第一人称主语，但越来越少见。Will可以用于一切人称。当will和shall 表示将来的时候，很难往往或多或少带有情态意义，很难把将来意义和情态意义截然分开。“打算”“将”

13. first - second - next - then - the last one / lastly

[Important Phrases]

重点语法分析

(Grammar Focus:从现在的角度表示“将来”)

12. most - some - other - a small number of - a few

11.　 a lot　 　 (We haven’t got a lot, but we are happy.)

　　 the lot 　 (Have I got everything? Is that the lot?)

　　 a lot of 　　　 (I have a lot of books.)

　　 lots of 　 (There were lots of people at the meeting last night.)

10. must be 表示推测 (You look very young. You must be only about 14 years old.)

9. means = ways 方式 means of transportation

8. around = about

7.　 take sb. some time to do sth. 花费某人……时间去做某事

　 　 sb. spend some time on sth / (in) doing sth.

　 　(This task took me three minutes to finish it.)

　　 (I spent three hours in finishing this task.)

　　 (I spent three hours on this task.)

6. must 侧重于个人意志和主观上的必要

　 have to 侧重于客观上的必要

　 (I don’t have any money now, so I have to borrow some from my friend.)

　 (He said that they must work hard.)