0  254606  254614  254620  254624  254630  254632  254636  254642  254644  254650  254656  254660  254662  254666  254672  254674  254680  254684  254686  254690  254692  254696  254698  254700  254701  254702  254704  254705  254706  254708  254710  254714  254716  254720  254722  254726  254732  254734  254740  254744  254746  254750  254756  254762  254764  254770  254774  254776  254782  254786  254792  254800  447090 

4.形容词和副词前面使用冠词的情况

①形容词最高级前一般要加定冠词,副词最高级前可不加冠词;

②形容词最高级前有时加不定冠词,或不加冠词,不表比较,表示“非常”;

He is a most clever young policeman.(most=very)

The film is most interesting.(most=very)

③as+形容词+a+单数名词;

This is as good an example as the other is. ④表示两者间“较……的一个”比较级前加the;

who is the older of the tow boys?

⑤在“the + 比较级…,the + 比较级…”结构中;

⑥在same前一般要加the;

⑦What +a/an+形容词+单数可数名词=How+形容词+ a/an+单数可数名词

What an interesting film it is!=How interesting a film it is!

⑧so和such的用法

so +  形容词 / 副词 +  that …

so + 形容词 + a(n)+ 单数可数名词 + that …

so + many / much / little / few + 名词 + that …

such + a(n)+ 形容词+单数可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 不可数名词 + that …

such + 形容词 + 复数名词 + that …

下列词组中为什么只能用so不可用such?

so much progress、so many people、so little food、so few apples等。

因为名词受many、much、little、few等表示“多或少”意义的词修饰。

下列这句中such用得对不对?()。为什么?

These are such little boys that they can’t dress themselves.

因为little在这儿表示“”,而不是表示“”的意思。

下列so的用法是错误的:so difficult problems, so hot weather

为什么?因为problems是复数,weather是不可数名词

⑧有些形容词前加the 成为名词。如the poor、the rich 等。

试题详情

3.最高级的用法

①三者或三者以上相比,表示最高程度时,用“the +最高级”的结构表示。这种句式一般常有表示比

较范围的介词短语;

Zhang Hua is the tallest of the three.

He works(the)hardest in his class.

②最高级可被序数词以及much、by far、nearly、almost 、by no means、not quite、not really、nothing like

等词语所修饰;

This hat is by far / much / nearly / almost / not nearly / by no means / not quite / nothing like the biggest.

③表示“最高程度”的形容词,如excellent、extreme、perfect等,没有最高级,也没有比较级。

④形容词最高级修饰作表语或介词宾语的名词、代词时,被修饰的词往往省略;

He is the tallest(boy)in his class.

⑤作状语的副词最高级前可以不加定冠词。

Of all the boys he came(the)earliest.

试题详情

2.比较级的用法

①双方比较,表示一方超过另一方时,用“比较级+than”的结构表示;

This picture is more beautiful than that one.

注意:

▲比较对象的一致性

请看下面这道选择题:

The weather in China is different from__     __.

A. in America     B. one in America     C. America     D. that in America

本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家,C不能选。A没有名词,后句成分不全,排除。B和D中,B中的one常用来代替可数名词,而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词,所以选D。

▲要避免将主语包含在比较对象中

(错)China is larger than any country in Asia.

(对)China is larger than any other countries in Asia.

▲注意比较对象的省略或隐藏:有时省略或不点明被比较的对象,而是通过语境来暗示被比较的对象。

请看下面这两道选择题:

If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.

A. the happiest time  B. a more happier time  C. much happiest time  D. a much happier time

本题将比较的对象隐藏在虚拟条件句中,即:与没有考试的时候相比。本题答案选D。

I don’t think this film is by far the most boring.I have seen____________.

A. better     B. worse        C. the best      D. the worst

由前文“我认为这部电影不是最没趣的”可知,“我看过(比这部)更差的电影”,省略了than this one。本题答案是B。

It takes a long time to go there by train; it's ________by road. A. quick      B. the quickest     C. much quick     D. quicker

由语境可知,句末省略了than by train,用比较级。本题答案是D。

②表示一方不及另一方时,用“less+原级+than”的结构表示;

This room is less beautiful than that one.

③表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时,可在比较级前加表示程度的状语,如even、a lot、a bit、a little、still、much、far、yet、by fay等修饰;

He works even harder than before.

注意:by far通常用于强调最高级。用于比较级时,一般放在比较级的后面,如在前面,应在二者中

间加“the”。

He is taller by far than his brother.

He is by far the taller of the two brothers.

④表示一方随另一方的程度而变化时,用“the +比较级(主语+谓语),the +比较级(主语+谓语)”

的结构(意为“越……越……”);

The harder he works, the happier he feels.

⑤不与其他事物相比,表示本身程度的改变时,用“比较级+ and+比较级”的结构;

The weather is getting colder and colder.

The girl becomes more and more beautiful.

⑥某些以-ior结尾的形容词进行比较时,用to代替than。这些词有inferior(劣等的,次的)、superior(较

好的,优于……)、junior(资历较浅的)、senior(资格较老的)、prior(在……之前)等;

He is superior to Mr.Zhang in chemistry.

⑦在比较从句中为了避免重复,我们通常用that(those)、one(ones)代替前面出现的名词。that指物,one既可指人又可指物。that可代替可数名词单数和不可数名词,而one只能代替可数名词;

The book on the table is more interesting than that(或the one)on the desk.

A box made of steel is stronger than one made of wood.

⑧否定词+比较级

该结构用否定形式表示肯定意义。要掌握该结构的用法,须注意以下几点:

▲该结构多为“can't /couldn't +比较级”的形式 I can't agree with you more.我再同意你的意见不过了。(或:我完全同意你的意见。)

The weather couldn't be worse.天气再糟糕不过了。 He couldn't have done better.他做得再好不过了

▲用于该结构中的否定词除了not之外,还有no,never,nothing等 This could give her no greater pleasure.这使她再高兴不过了。 There's nothing cheaper.这东西再便宜不过了

There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.

为朋友而放弃生命的爱是最伟大的爱

▲当该结构中的比较级为less时,其意义为“一点也不”

试比较:He couldn't care more.他非常介意。(或:他最关心不过了。)

He couldn't care less.他毫不介意。(或:他最漠不关心了。)

注意:反过来用肯定形式表示否定意义。这种用法主要见于:

▲know better than+不定式。这种结构意为“不至于”

You have a better command of French than to make such mistakes.

你的法语较好,不至于犯这样的错误

He is more experienced than to do such a thing.

他比较有经验,不至于做这样的事

▲more than…can。这种句型形式上是肯定,实际上有否定含义

The boys in the street have become very insolent and it is more than flesh and blood can bear.

街上的男孩变得非常无礼,到了人所不能忍受的地步

The beauty of the place is more than I can describe.

那地方美得无法形容

⑨倍数表达法

▲A is three(four, etc.)times the size(height, length etc.)of B.

The new building is four times the size(the height)of the old one.

这座新楼是那座旧楼的四倍大(高)/这座新楼比那座旧楼大(高)三倍。

▲A is three(four, etc.)times as big(high, long, etc.)as B.

Asia is four times as large as Europe. 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大/亚洲比欧洲大三倍。

▲A is three (four, etc.)times bigger(higher, longer, etc.)than B.

Your school is three times bigger than ours.你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍。

用times表倍数通常用于三倍以上,两倍可以用twice或double.

试题详情

形容词、副词有三个等级:原级、比较级和最高级,其构成形式如下:

规则变化:单音节词和少数双音节词,加词尾-er,-est来构成比较级和最高级

构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
一般单音节词未尾加-er,-est
tall
taller
tallest
以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以-le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-st
nice
nicer
nicest
以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词,双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-er,-est
big
bigger
biggest
"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词,改y为i,再加-er,-est
busy
busier
busiest
少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er,-est
clever
narrow
cleverer
narrower
cleverest
narrowest
其他双音节词和多音节词,在前面加more,most来构成比较级和最高级
important
easily
more important
more easily
most important
most easily

不规则变化

原级
比较级
最高级
good/well
better
best
bad/ill
worse
worst
old
older/elder
oldest/eldest
much/many
more
most
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest

注意:many,old和far比较级及最高级用法的区别

①如果后接名词时,much more +不可数名词,many more +可数名词复数。

②old有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。elder,eldest只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。 My elder brother is an engineer. Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.

③far有两种比较级,farther,further..在英语中两者都可指距离。 在美语中,father表示距离,further表示进一步 I have nothing further to say.

1.原级的用法

表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时,用“as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示双方不相等时,用“not so(as)+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构;表示一方是另一方的若干倍时,用“倍数+ as+原级形容词/副词+ as”的结构。

Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.

This building looks not so (as)high as that one.

Miss Xu speaks English as fluently as you .

This room is three times as large as that one.

试题详情

象get,grow,become,feel,appear,prove ,look,keep,smell,taste,sound,go,turn,remain等这些动词既可以用作为实义动词又可以用作连系动词,因而要根据上下文语境判断究竟是什么性质的动动词才能正确解题。

请看下面这道选择题:

▲We don't care if a hunting dog smells_____,but we really don't want him to smell_____. A. well; well    B. bad; badly    C. well; badly    D. badly; bad

第一个“smell”是“闻起来”的意思,是连系动词,用形容词。第二个“smell”是实义动词,用副词来修饰;此外well作形容词是表示人身体好、气色好,用在此句中不行,只能作副词用。答案是B。句意是:“我们不在乎猎狗闻起来难闻,但是我们确实不希望它的嗅觉力差。

试题详情

2.形容词作伴随状语和原因状语

He spent 7days in the wind and snow,cold and hungry.

他在风雪中度过了7天,又冷又饿。 She stared into the distance, speechless for a long time.

她盯着远处看,好长时间不讲话。

Afraid of being caught,the thief hid himself under a bed.

因为害怕被抓,这个小偷藏在床下面。

试题详情

1.形容词是用来修饰名词的,常被放在名词前作定语,或放在系动词后面作表语。而副词则用来修饰形容词、动词,其他副词或者句子,一般位于形容词之前,动词之后或句子之首。以下属几种情况,须牢记:

①几个并列的形容词作定语,其语序通常为:

限定语(The、A)+ 描绘性形容词 + size(大小)+ shape(形状)+ age(年龄、时间)+ color(颜色)+origin(国籍、来源)+material(材料)+ purpose(目的)+名词;

a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,

the man’s first tow interesting little red French oil paitings

熟记口诀就可以顺利解题:限定描绘大长高,形状年龄和新老,颜色国籍跟材料,作用类别往后靠。

②形容词短语作定语,定语后置;

a language difficult to master,

a leaning tower about 180 feet high

This is a student worth of praise.

They will turn their motherland into a country, beautiful and modern.

③表语形容词(afraid、alike、alone、asleep、awake、alive等)作定语,定语后置;

a man alive:活着的人

有些表身体健康状况的形容词如well、faint、ill只作表语。sick既可作表语又可作定语,ill如作定语意为“bad”;

④形容词作定语修饰由不定代词one、no、any、some和every构成的复合词如anything、something等时,通常后置;

I have something important to tell you.

⑤enough、nearby修饰名词前置或后置,程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面,enough修饰形容词、副词时,必须后置;

⑥else常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语;

⑦几个副词并列作状语时,其顺序较灵活,但一般是:方式→地点→时间;

⑧频度副词如often、always、usually等在be动词后,行为动词前;

⑨副词作定语,定语后置;

The person there is waiting for you.

⑩复合形容词常用作定语,个别也可以作表语。

He was a 12-year-old boy.

He is good-natured.

复合形容词的构成:

▲形容词+名词-ed:kind-hearted好心的,white-haired白发的

▲形容词+形容词:red-hot炽热的,dark-blue深蓝的

▲形容词+现在分词:good-looking好看的,easy-going随和的

▲副词+现在分词:hard-working勤劳的,fast-moving快速转动的

▲副词+过去分词:hard-won得来不易的,newly-made新建的

▲名词+形容词:life-long终生的,world-famous世界闻名的

▲名词+现在分词:peace-loving爱好和平的,fun-loving爱开玩笑的

▲名词+过去分词:snow-covered白雪覆盖的,hand-made手工的

▲数词+名词 + ed:four-storeyed 4层楼的,three-legged 3条腿的

▲数词+名词(名词用单数):ten-year 10年的, two-man两人的

试题详情

20.(本小题共14分)

已知 ,动点 到定点 的距离比 到定直线 的距离小 .

(I)求动点 的轨迹 的方程;

(Ⅱ)设 是轨迹 上异于原点 的两个不同点, ,求 面积的最小值;

(Ⅲ)在轨迹 上是否存在两点 关于直线 对称?若存在,求出直线  的方程,若不存在,说明理由.

北京市宣武区2009~2010学年度第二学期第二次质量检测

试题详情

19. (本小题共14分)

已知函数 .

(I)判断函数 的单调性;

(Ⅱ)若 + 的图像总在直线 的上方,求实数 的取值范围;

(Ⅲ)若函数 与 的图像有公共点,且在公共点处的切线相同,求实数 的值.

试题详情

18. (本小题共13分)

   设 是正数组成的数列,其前 项和为 ,且对于所有的正整数 ,有 .

 (I) 求 , 的值;

  (II) 求数列 的通项公式;

 (III)令 , , ( ),求数列 的前  项和 .

试题详情


同步练习册答案