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3.Many happy hours had she spent, planning for something nice for him.

    她花费了很多时间来为他准备一件好礼物。

    此句正常语序为:She had spent many happy hours planning for something nice for him.

    spend time/money on sth ./(in)doing sth .花费时间(金钱)干某事。

    How much have you spent on this book?

    He spends all day writing

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2.If low?income families cannot afford to purchase medical insurance, as was the case with Wang Lin, other measures to reduce poverty will not succeed.

    如果低收入家庭像王林一样无力购买医疗保险的话,其它的脱贫措施也将以失败告终。

    As was the case with Wang Lin 像王林那样的情况,作families的定语。

    in this/that case倘若这/那样的话

    in any case 假使;免得,以防万一

    in no case 决不  in the case of 就……来说;至于……

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1.They cannot afford to consult a doctor or purchase medicines from a chemist when they get sick, nor can they make sure that their children keep a healthy diet.

    当他们生病时,既无钱就医也买不起药品,他们也不能保证他们的孩子有营养全面的饮食。

    “neither /nor+倒装句”,即“neither/nor+系动词/情态动词/助动词+主语”表示与前面所陈述的动作或情况有着相同的否定概念。

    ①前后主语不同,谓语相同,承前省略谓语。

    I won’t go to the party, nor/neither will she.

    我不会去参加聚会,她也不去。

    ②前后主语相同,谓语不同,谓语不能省略。

    I can’ t speak French, nor do I understand it.

    我不会说法语,也不懂法语。

    either 表达“也不……”时,用在一个否定句的句末,此句从形式到意义都否定,即在该句中有否定意义的词,

如:

    no, nobody, none, no one, not never.

    neither/nor用在一个倒装句的句首,该倒装句形式肯定,而意义否定,即助动词/系动词/情态动词不再和否定的词连用。

    提点迷津:“neither+倒装句”只能用于两个主语或两种情形的“后者同前者一样不……” ;“nor+倒装句”可以用于两者,也可以用于三者及以上情形或主语。

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2.take part in, join, join in与attend

    (1)take part in表示参加某种活动,也可表示参加会议,并在活动中起积极作用。

    (2)join加入某组织,成为其中一分子。如:

    He joined the Party at the age of 20.他20岁入了党。

    (3)attend表示出席会议。如:

We?ll attend a meeting at 2∶00 p.m.下午两点我们要参加会议。

    (4)join in参加某一群人的活动。如:

    After school, he joined us in cleaning.放学后,他和我们一起打扫卫生。

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1.result, effect与influence

    (1)result“结果,影响”,指被某一行动、计划或事件带来的直接后果。

    (2)effect“结果,影响”,指被某一行动、计划、事件带来的间接后果或某一物产生的效应(动词为affect)。

    One of the effects of bad wether is a poor crop.

    坏天气的后果之一是庄稼歉收。

    influence“影响”,指对周围一切或今后历史等产生的影响或指有影响有势力的人或者有影响的物。

    Don’t let me influence your decision.不要让我影响了你的决定。

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10.fix sth on/upon sb全神贯注于;凝视

    fix one’s eyes on sb.凝视某人

    fix one’s thoughts/attention on what one is doing.

    Her eyes were fixed on the gun.

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9.let down使某人失望,不帮助

    Tom will never let you down, you can always depend on him to help you.

    let alone更别提;不打扰;不惊动

let off放过,宽恕;开(枪),放(炮);排放

let out放走,释放;泄漏,放出

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8.do up打扮;梳妆;固定,扣上,系上;修理;装修

    This skirt does up at the back.

    He never bothers to do his jacket up.

    If we decide to buy the cottage, we’ll have to do it up.

    do onself up梳妆打扮,化妆

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7.take pride in感到自豪

    (1)take pride in以……为荣,对……感到自豪

    She took great pride in being a member of the club.

    (2)be proud of以……自豪

    He was proud of his school record.

    (3)be proud to do因做……而自豪

    I’m very proud to call you my friend.

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6.furnish vt.为……提供家具;用家具布置

    furnish A with B为某人(物)提供某事物(=furnish B to A)

furnish sth. with sth.为某物提供家具,用家具布置某地

    furnish a village with supplies (furnish supplies to a village)

    furnish a house (a room, an office)

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