例10.Is it possible to beat high blood pressure without drugs ? The answer is “yes”, according to the researchers at Johns Hopkins and three other medical centers.

[分析]根据and three other medical centers 这种并列关系，我们很容易推断出：Johns Hopkins是一家医疗中心。

例9.William Shakespeare said. “The web of our life is of a mingled yarn（纱线），good and ill together.”

The underlined word “mingled” in the last paragraph most probably means     .

A．simple     B．mixed         C．sad           D．happy

[分析]句中good and ill together 更具体地说明了a mingled yarn的意义，据此我们不难推测mingled的意思是：“混合的，交织的”。

例8.Pruning is important because it encourages the growth of tender shoots,or young leaves.

根据原因状语从句的内容，我们可以判断Pruning的意思是：“修剪（树枝等）”的意思。

3）根据说明、并列、同等同义近义、、反义等关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，我们可以利用熟悉的词语，根据语言环境所表面的关系猜测词义。

例7.feel that since you are my superior , it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .”

（2005年上海卷）

The word “presumptuous” in the middle of the passage is closest in meaning to “      ” .

    A．full of respect   B．too confident and rude  C．lacking in experience  D．too shy and quiet

[分析]根据since 引导的原因状语从句的内容（“既然你是我的上司”），我们可以推断这里presumptuous的意思是：“冒失的，放肆的”意思，后半句的意思是：我告诉你怎么做会是一种放肆/冒失的行为。对应的理解题答案为：B。

例6.Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.

该句中副词similarly表明短语loves to talk和loquacious 之间的比较关系，其意义相近。由此我们可推断出loquacious的意思是“健谈的”。

2）根据因果关系猜测词义

在句子或段落中，若两个事物现象之间构成因果关系，我们可以根据这种逻辑关系推测生词词义。

例5.A child’s birthday party doesn’t  have to be a hassle; it can be a basket of fun.

What does the underlined word “hassle” (paragraph 1) probably mean?

A.a party designed by specialists              B.a plan requiring careful thought

C.a situation causing difficulty or trouble       D.a demand made by guests

[分析]根据对比关系，这里hassle 和 a basket of fun 是相反的意义，很容易判断理解题的答案为C。

例4. The course gives you chances to know great power polities between nation states. It will provide more space to study particular issues such as relationship among countries in the European Union, third world debt, local and international disagreement, and the work of such international bodies as the United Nations, the European Union, NATO, and the World Bank.

[分析]根据such as 后面列举的一系列例子，我们应该能推断出句中的issue 是指“议题”。

二、是内在逻辑关系

根据内在逻辑关系推测词义是指应用语言知识分析和判断相关信息之间存在的逻辑关系，然后根据逻辑联系推断生词词义或大致义域。

1）根据对比、比较关系猜测词义

在一个句子或段落中，有对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，我们可以根据生词的反义词猜测其词义。表示对比关系的词汇和短语主要有：unlike, not, but, however, despite, in spite of, in contrast 等。 表示对比关系的句子结构：while 引导的并列句。同对比关系相反，比较关系表示意义上的相似关系。表示比较关系的词和短语主要有：similarly, like, just as, also, as well as 等。

例3. Here is The Pines ,whose cook has developed a special way of mixing foreign food such as caribou ,wild boar ,and reindeer with surprising sauces .

According to the passage ,The Pines is a         .

A．place in which you can see many mobile homes

B．mountain where you can get a good view of the valley

C．town which happens to be near the Banff National Park

D．restaurant where you can ask for some special kinds of food

[分析]通过whose引导的定语从句，我们可以推测到：The Pines 是一家餐馆的名字，由此不难推出理解题的答案为：D。

2）根据举例猜测词义

恰当的举例能够提供猜测生词的重要线索。

例2.In fact, only about 80 ocelots, an endangered wild cat, exist in the U.S. today．

[分析]由同位语an endangered wild cat我们很快猜出生词ocelots的义域：一种濒临灭绝野猫。

例1.Do you know what a “territory” is ? A territory is an area that an animal ,usually the male, claims（声称）as its own.

[分析]由定义可推知，这里territory指的是：“动物的地盘”。