2、药品取用的总原则
①取用量：按实验所需取用药品。如没有说明用量，应取最少量，固体以盖满试管底部为宜，
液体以1~2mL为宜。
多取的试剂不可放回原瓶，也不可乱丢，更不能带出实验室，应放在指定的容器内。
②“三不”：任何药品不能用手拿、舌尝、或直接用鼻闻试剂（如需嗅闻气体的气味，应用手在瓶口轻轻扇动，仅使极少量的气体进入鼻孔）
3、固体药品的取用
①粉末状及小粒状药品：用药匙或V形纸槽       ②块状及条状药品：用镊子夹取
4、液体药品的取用
①液体试剂的倾注法：  取下瓶盖，倒放在桌上，（以免药品被污染）。标签应向着手心，（以免残留液流下而腐蚀标签）。拿起试剂瓶，将瓶口紧靠试管口边缘，缓缓地注入试剂，倾注完毕，盖上瓶盖，标签向外，放回原处。
②液体试剂的滴加法：
滴管的使用：a、先赶出滴管中的空气，后吸取试剂
b、滴入试剂时，滴管要保持垂直悬于容器口上方滴加
c、使用过程中，始终保持橡胶乳头在上，以免被试剂腐蚀
d、滴管用毕，立即用水洗涤干净（滴瓶上的滴管除外）
e、胶头滴管使用时千万不能伸入容器中或与器壁接触，否则会造成试剂污染
（二）连接仪器装置及装置气密性检查
装置气密性检查：先将导管的一端浸入水中，用手紧贴容器外壁，稍停片刻，若导管
口有气泡冒出，松开手掌，导管口部有水柱上升，稍停片刻，水柱并不回落，就说明
装置不漏气。
（三）物质的加热
（1）加热固体时，试管口应略下倾斜，试管受热时先均匀受热，再集中加热。
（2）加热液体时，液体体积不超过试管容积的1/3，加热时使试管与桌面约成450角，受热时，先使试管均匀受热，然后给试管里的液体的中下部加热，并且不时地上下移动试管，为了避免伤人，加热时切不可将试管口对着自己或他人。
（四）过滤      操作注意事项：“一贴二低三靠”
“一贴”：滤纸紧贴漏斗的内壁
“二低”：（1）滤纸的边缘低于漏斗口   （2）漏斗内的液面低于滤纸的边缘
“三靠”：（1）漏斗下端的管口紧靠烧杯内壁
        （2）用玻璃棒引流时，玻璃棒下端轻靠在三层滤纸的一边
        （3）用玻璃棒引流时，烧杯尖嘴紧靠玻璃棒中部
过滤后，滤液仍然浑浊的可能原因有:
①承接滤液的烧杯不干净  ②倾倒液体时液面高于滤纸边缘  ③滤纸破损           
（五）蒸发  注意点：（1）在加热过程中，用玻璃棒不断搅拌
（作用：加快蒸发，防止由于局部温度过高，造成液滴飞溅）
     （2）当液体接近蒸干（或出现较多量固体）时停止加热，利用余热将剩余水分蒸
发掉，以避免固体因受热而迸溅出来。
     （3）热的蒸发皿要用坩埚钳夹取，热的蒸发皿如需立即放在实验台上，要垫上石
棉网。
（六）仪器的洗涤：
（1）废渣、废液倒入废物缸中，有用的物质倒入指定的容器中
（2）玻璃仪器洗涤干净的标准：玻璃仪器上附着的水，既不聚成水滴，也不成股流下
（3）玻璃仪器中附有油脂：先用热的纯碱（Na2CO3）溶液或洗衣粉洗涤，再用水冲洗。
（4）玻璃仪器附有难溶于水的碱、碱性氧化物、碳酸盐：先用稀盐酸溶解，再用水冲洗。
（5）仪器洗干净后，不能乱放，试管洗涤干净后，要倒插在试管架上晾干。
第二单元《我们周围的空气》知识点
1、第一个对空气组成进行探究的化学家：拉瓦锡（第一个用天平进行定量分析）。
2、空气的成分和组成

空气成分 O2 N2 CO2 稀有气体 其它气体和杂质
体积分数 21% 78% 0.03% 0.94% 0.03%
（1）空气中氧气含量的测定
a、可燃物要求：足量且产物是固体：选择红磷
b、装置要求：气密性良好
c、现象：有大量白烟产生，广口瓶内液面上升约1/5体积
d、结论：空气是混合物；   O2约占1/5，可支持燃烧；
N2约占4/5，不支持燃烧，也不能燃烧，难溶于水
e、探究： ①液面上升小于1/5原因：装置漏气，红磷量不足，未冷却完全
②能否用铁、铝代替红磷？不能 原因：铁、铝不能在空气中燃烧

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【分享】九年级化学知识点大全

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【分享】九年级化学知识点大全

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【分享】九年级化学知识点大全

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【分享】九年级化学知识点大全

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【分享】九年级化学知识点大全

［正］ He has been living in Greece since 1978.?

［析］

由since引出的状语从句意为"自从"某时一直如何，主句要用完成时或完成进行时。 ?

［误］ She has been quite different since came back from America.?

［正］ She has been quite different since coming back from America.?

［析］ 分词短语可以用在after, before, since等介词后面。?

sleep ?

［误］ The boy was very asleep.?

［正］ The boy was fast asleep.?

［析］ 熟睡在英文中为fast asleep. 非正式英语中一般不常用He's sleeping. 而常讲He's asleep. 其形容词sleepy是"困倦的"，如： I shall go to bed now. I'm so sleepy. "卧铺"英国人讲sleeping car，而美国人讲sleeper.?

slow ?

［误］ Slow the door opened.?

［正］ Slowly the door opened.?

［析］ slow与slowly的用法与意思相同，在口语中和路标中多用slow，如： Tell him to drive slower. Slow, dangerous bend. 但是如果用在动词前还是要用slowly.?

smile ?

［误］ She smiled to me.?

［正］ She smiled at me.?

［析］ "冲着某人笑"应为to smile at somebody.?

so ?

［误］ It is such beautiful a book that every child likes it.?

［正］ It is such a beautiful book that every child likes it.?

［正］ It is so beautiful a book that every child likes it.?

［析］ 关于so与such用法的区别有四种情况： ① 用于单数可数名词之前，其格式为"such+不定冠词+形容词+名词"，而"so+形容词+不定冠词"。② 用于可数名词复数或不可数名词前，只能用 such，如： It is such good weather that we want to go for a walk. They are such good students that they can pass the exam easily. ③ 在只有形容词时只能用so，如： It is so good that I like it very much.④ 在many, much, few, little这四个词前只能用so而不能用such。如： I have so little money that I can't buy the dictionary.?

［误］ He got up early so as he could catch the first bus.?

［正］ He got up early so as to catch the first bus.?

［正］ He got up early so that he could catch the first bus.?

［正］ He got up so early that he could catch the first bus.?

some

?

［误］ Do you have some lessone to prepare??

［正］ Do you have any lessons to prepare??

［析］ 在疑问句或否定句中要用any; some多用在肯定句中，如： I have some money to buy it.?

在请求，或真心希望得到肯定答复时，在疑问句中也要用some，如： Would you like something to drink?即真心实意希望为对方提供饮料。又如： Could you lend me some money?即真心想要借到钱。?

sometime ?

［误］ I have sometime thought that I should like to live in the country.?

［正］ I have sometimes thought that I should like to live in the country.?

sometime sometimes some times sometime ?

sometime为"某个时候"、"总有一天"，如： We'll meet again sometime next year. 或过去的"某一时刻"，如： I saw her sometime in July. sometimes为"有时候"、"时常"、"常常"，如： Every man is a fool sometimes, and none at all times. Some times为"若干次"，如： I visited America some times. May be five or seven times. I am not sure. Some time则是"一段时间"、"一些时候"，如： I want to leave some time.?

soon ?

［误］ The room as soon as became crowded.?

［正］ The room soon became crowded.?

［析］ soon为"不久"、"很快"，如： I'll be there very soon. 而as soon as意为"一……就……"，如： As soon as I finished my homework I went out to play football.?

sound ?

［误］ The report sounds well.?

［正］ The report sounds good.?

［析］ sound作动词时其后接形容词而不接副词，如： How sweet the music sounds!?

sport ?

［误］ Are you going to run in the school sprot??

［正］ Are you going to run in the school sprots??

［析］ sport用作可数名词单数时指具体的某项运动，如： Basketball is an indoor sport. 而在泛指"运动"或"运动会"时要用其复数形式sports.?

spring ?

［误］ I'll visit America in this spring.?

［正］ I'll visit America in spring.?

［正］ I'll visit America this spring.?

［析］ 英语一年四季前如果有that, this, last, next等词，则其前面不要再加介词。这样的用法还有周、月、年等。请看下面句子中的用法有何不同： He told me that she did it on the next day. 这时是指过去某一天的第二天，所以才有这种用法。如果以现在为时间基点的第二天应为I'll do it next day.?

start ?

［误］ What time will you start to San Francisco??

［正］ What time will you start for San Francisco??

［析］ start与leave一样，其后接"for+目的地"。?

begin start ?

begin与start在很多场合下是一样的意思，如： We started/began to study English two years ago. 但在如下场合则不能用begin: ① 作为"启程"讲，如： I think we ought to start at six. ② 表示"开始工作"，如： The car won't start. (车子发动不起来。) ③ 作为"开动"、"启动"讲，如： Do you know how to start this machine.?

still ?

［误］ Oh, it is still raining now.?

［正］ Oh, it is still raining.?

［析］ 因still即包含有现在仍然如何，所以now是多余词。?

still yet already ?

still一般与动词连用，可放于句子中间用以说明过去开始的动作现在仍然在继续，特别用来表示我们希望它早点停止。如： I've been thinking for hours, but I still can't decide. yet一般放于句末，用在疑问句与否定句中。如： Has the postman come yet? already则与动词连用，可放于句中表示某事的发生比预期的要早，如： I've already finished my homework.?

stop ?

［误］ When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped to talk.?

［正］ When the teacher came into the classroom the students stopped talking.?

［析］ stop to do something是"停下来去做某事"，而stop doing something是"停止做某事"。?

street ?

［误］ There is a narrow winding street from our village to the next one.?

［正］ There is a narrow winding road from our village to the next one.?

［析］ street一般指城市中两旁有建筑物的"街道"，而road多指乡间的"路"。?

strict ?

［误］ You ought to be strict to him.?

［正］ You ought to be strict with him.?

［析］ be strict with是"对……严格的"。?

such ?

［误］ Do you want to have such a dictionary??

［正］ Do you want to have such a good dictionary??

［正］ Do you want to have a dictionary like that??

［析］ such作加强语气时一般是"such+(冠词)形容词+名词"，如： It's such a good book. 但如果名词前没有形容词则要看其名词是否具有"能显示程度的含意"，如： I've got such a headache. You are such fools!否则在such与名词之间一定要有形容词。?

sure ?

［误］ I am quite sure for that answer.?

［正］ I am quite sure of that answer.?

［析］ sure用于句中表示"对……事有确实把握"时应跟of或about，而不跟for，如： I'm sure about (of) his ability to control this machine.?

sweet ?

［误］ Honey tastes sweetly.?

［正］ Honey tastes sweet.?

［析］ sweet可以作为名词，意为"糖果"，是可数名词，如： May I have a sweet?作形容词，如： The child looked very sweet. 而sweetly为副词，意为"甜美地"、"悦耳地"。要注意taste为感观动词，其后面要接形容词而不是副词。?

take ?

［误］ This year I want to take the driver's license.?

［正］ This year I want to get the driver's license.?

［析］ take可以作为动词，意为"拿"、"取"，如： I want to take my mail. 而要获得某种证书、证明，要用get而不用take， take在学校范围内意为"参加"或"选修"某些课程，如： This term I want to take both French and Spanish.?

［误］ The accident was taken place at the street corner.?

［正］ The accident took place at the street corner.?

［析］ take place与happen一样作为"发生"讲时没有被动语态。?

［误］ Do you take me as a fool??

［正］ Do you take me for a fool??

［析］ take…for…意为"以为是……"、"错当作……"、"误认为"，而这一意思还可以用于I took you to be the best friend. (我把你认作是最好的朋友。)?

［误］ My English teacher was ill. Who will take place her??

［正］ My English teacher was ill. Who will take the place of her??

［析］ take the place of…意为"取代"。?

talk ?

［误］ Yesterday I met an old friend. We talked many things.?

［正］ Yesterday I met an old friend. We taked about many things.?

［析］ talk是不及物动词。?

team ? ［误］ Our team likes seeing film.?

［正］ Our team like seeing film.?

［析］ team与family，class等词一样，指整体时为单数名词。如： Our team is excellent, 而指集体中的个体时要用作复数。?

than ?

［误］ They made fewer mistakes this term than they made last lerm.?

［正］ They made fewer mistakes this term than they did last lerm.?

［析］ 当一个动作在同一个句子中重复时，第二次要用do来代替，以避免重复。?

［误］ You make me do more then anybody I know.?

［正］ You make me do more than anybody I know.?

［误］ I got into the restroom than someone knocked at the door.?

［正］ I got into the rest room then someone knocked at the door.?

［析］ than与then不要误用。?

then ?

［误］ We went to the cinema, then went to a Chinese restaurant.?

［正］ We went to the cinema, and then went to a Chinese restaurant.?

［正］ We went to the cinema; then went to a Chinese restaurant.?

［析］ then作"然后"讲时，在then前应加分号而不用逗号，或加逗号用and then，但是如果是倒装句则要用逗号，如： First come Tom, then Mary.?

think ?

［误］ I think you are not right.?

［正］ I don't think you are right.?

［析］ think在肯定句中与中文的习惯用法是一致的，如： I think you are right. 但在宾语从句是否定意思时，要否定think，如： I don't think you are right.?

［误］ I think he will come here, do I??

［正］ I think he will come here, wont he??

［析］ think加宾语从句时，反意疑问句的主语应用宾语从句中的主语，助动词要用宾语从句中的助动词，而肯定还是否定要看主句中的情况决定：如主句用肯定句，则反意疑问句用否定句，反之亦然。?

［误］ People think very high of his work.?

［正］ People think very highly of his work.?

［析］ think highly of为"对某人某事评价很高"。?

［误］ When we talk about Chinese people we always think the Yellow River.?

［正］ When we talk about Chinese people we always think about the Yellow River.?

［析］ think about意为"想起"、"想到"。?

thousand ?

［误］ He got thousand of books from a second?hand?book shop.?

［正］ He got thousands of books from a second?hand?book shop.?

［析］ 虽然two thousand, three thousand在thousand后都不加?s，但thousands of则为"数千"，该结构中一定要加?s。?

through ?

［误］ I had a long distance call with John throught the telephone.?

［正］ I had a long distance call with John on the telephone.?

［误］ It took us two hours to walk across the forest.?

［正］ It took us two hours to walk through the forest.?

［析］ across是表示在一平面上进行的动作，而through则是用在三维空间的动作。如： The river was frozen, so we could walk across it. I pushed through the crowds to the entrance.?

throw ?

［误］ He threw a stone to me.?

［正］ He threw a stone at me.?

［析］ "扔"这个词表示方向时要注意他向我扔石头是at me，我向他扔石头则为to him，但throw at还有寻衅之意，如： Stop throwing stones at the cars. 这时不要误用to.?

time ?

［误］ The doctor came on time so she was saved.?

［正］ The doctor came in time so she was saved.?

［析］ in time为"及时赶到"，如： Do you think we can get there in time for the first act. 而on time 意为"准时"，如： The train arrived on time.?

［误］ It is time we go home.?

［正］ It is time we should go home.?

［正］ It is time we went home.?

［析］ "是该作某事的时候了"，其句形为： ① It is time for somebody to do something. ② "It is time+从句"，从句中用"should+动词原形"，或直接用动词的过去式。?

［误］ Let's hurry. We haven't many times.?

［正］ Let's hurry. We haven't much time.?

［误］ I have been to America two times.?

［正］ I have been to America twice.?

［析］ time作为"时间"讲时为不可数名词，而作为"次"讲时则是可数名词。但"一次"不是one time，而是once；"二次"不是two times，而是twice；"三次"则是three times.?

too ?

［误］ This box is too heavy to lift it.?

［正］ This box is too heavy to lift.?

［析］ 在too…to这一结构中，如果主语和不定式的宾语是一致的，则不要重复。?

［误］ The child is too young not to go to school.?

［正］ The child is too young to go to school.?

［析］ too…to这一结构用来表示"太……以致于不能……"，但下面的句子则不能照此翻译： I'm too glad to meet you. 应译为"我见到你真太高兴了"。?

［误］ There is much too noise.?

［正］ There is too much noise.?

［析］ "much too+形容词"，而"too much+不可数名词"。?

［误］ You have bought too much tomatoes.?

［正］ You have bought too many tomatoes.?

［析］ too many后才加可数名词。?

also as well too ?

这三个词是近义词，但其用法各有不同。其一，too和as well通常用于句末，如： She went to the cinema and her brother went too. 而also则不用于句末，如： I've also read her other novels. 其二，这三个词都不用于否定句中，否定句中用not…either，或neither/nor…,如： He ?isn't? here either.?

trousers ?

［误］ My trouser is getting smaller and smaller.?

［正］ My trousers are getting smaller and smaller.?

［析］ 英语中trousers, pants, shorts(短裤)，glasses(眼镜)都要用复数形式。?

［误］ This pair of glasses are very good.?

［正］ This pair of glasses is very good.?

［析］ 有了量词a pair of，其后的谓语动词要与量词相一致。如： two pairs of…的谓语动词就要用复数。?

try ?

［误］ I tried to send her flowers but it didn't have any effect.?

［正］ I tried sending her flowers but it didn't have any effect. (我试着给她送花，但没有什么结果。)?

［误］ Please try understanding it.?

［正］ Please try to understand it.?

［析］ "try+动名词"的意思是"试一试"，或"做某事看看会发生什么情况"，而"try+不定式"表示为达到目的要去做的事。?

?

under ?

［误］ The lake is two meters under sea level.?

［正］ The lake is two meters below sea level.?

［析］ under的意思是在某物的下面，而below＝lower than, 即"低于"。?

［误］ Under the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.?

［正］ With the help of our teacher, all of us passed the exam.?

understand ?

［误］ I think it is diffcult to make myself to understand.?

［正］ I think it is diffcult to make myself understood.?

［析］ 这句话的意思是"我想让别人理解我太难了"。?

［误］ I am understanding the lesson now.?

［正］ I understand the lesson now.?

［析］ understand一词没有进行时态。类似的词还有belong, find, hear, love, like等。?

until ?

［误］ We walked until the edge of the forest.?

［正］ We walked as far as the edge of the forest.?

［误］ Our school bus can hold until twenty children.?

［正］ Our school bus can hold up to twenty children.?

［析］ until与till两词的意思一样，但两个词都只能用于时间，如： I'll wait until I hear from you.?

［误］ I waited for my mother to seven o'clock, but she didn't come.?

［正］ I waited for my mother until seven o'clock, but she didn't come.

［误］ Can you return this book until Monday??

［正］ Can you return this book by Monday??

［析］ 当我们谈目前正在进行而将来某一时刻才停止的事件时用until，而用by来表达将来某一时刻会发生的动作。?

［误］ We arrived home until it became dark.?

［正］ We didn't arrived home until it became dark.?

［析］ until用于肯定句时表示"某动作直到……为止"，如： They worked until 5∶00 P. M. 用于否定句中时意为"直到……才"。所以用于肯定句中要使用延续性动词，但截止性动词却可以用在否定句中。?

upstairs ?

［误］ He went to upstairs.?

［正］ He went upstairs.?

［析］ upstairs一词可用作副词，如： We all hurried upstairs to see what happened. 也可用作名词，如； The upstairs of the house needs painting. 同时也可以用作形容词，如： A house with three upstairs rooms is quite good.?

use ?

［误］ It is no use to ask her.?

［正］ It is no use asking her.?

［析］ It is no use…与There is no use…后通常用动名词，而不用不定式。?

［误］ I'll get used to treat the students this way.?

［正］ I'll get used to treating the students this way.?

［析］ be used to与get used to后要接动名词表示"习惯于"做某事。?

［误］ I used to getting up early in the morning.?

［正］ I used to get up early in the morning.?

［析］ used to表示过去习惯的动作，其后要加动词原形。?

［误］ Oil was used to cooking.?

［正］ Oil was used to cook.?

［析］ 这里的句型虽然也是be used to但这里不是主动态，而是被动态，所以不能接动名词而应接不定式。?

［误］ We used to go to the Great Wall three times.?

［正］ We went to the Great Wall three times.?

［析］ used to只能用来表示一种习惯，而不能用来表达某事发生的次数。?

?

very ?

［误］ Thank you indeed.?

［正］ Thank you very much indeed.?

［析］ indeed用来修饰very much, 但要放其后面，而且也不要单独使用。?

［误］ The baby was very asleep.?

［正］ The baby was fast asleep.?

［析］ 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰，如： I'm wide awake. (我全醒了。)再如： all alone(十分孤独)，much afraid等。?

［误］ The thing seems to be very improved.?

［正］ The thing seems to be much improved.?

［析］ 有些语法书讲very修饰现在分词，而much修饰过去分词，这要分别对待。如果过去分词是指一个具体的动作，而且是句中主要动词的一部分就必须用much，而某些形容词化的过去分词，还是要用very来修饰的，如： I am very tired.?

［误］ There is very less water in the river than usual.?

［正］ There is much/far less water in the river than usual.?

［析］ very不能修饰形容词或副词的比较级，而要用far, much等来修饰。?

wait ?

［误］ Tomorrow I will wait you at the bus stop.?

［正］ Tomorrow I will wait for you at the bus stop.?

［析］ wait是不及物动词，"等人"要用wait for somebody；而wait up为"不睡觉等候某事"，如： I'll wait up tonight.?

walk ?

［误］ I think she went a walk yesterday.?

［正］ I think she went out for a walk yesterday.?

［析］ 散步在英文中要讲have a walk, take a walk.如果用go要用go for a walk.?

want ?

［误］ The flowers want to water.?

［正］ The flowers want watering.?

［析］ want在这里作为"需要"讲，其后加动名词。这句话的意思是"这花需要浇水。"?

［误］ Do you want someone go along with you??

［正］ Do you want someone to go along with you??

［析］ want somebody to do something为一固定用法。?

wash ?

［误］ Are you going to mak washing this weekend??

［正］ Are you going to do washing this weekend??

［析］ do washing为"洗衣服"，是固定搭配。?

watch ?

［误］ Your watch is what time??

［正］ What time is it by your watch??

［析］ 一定要记住英文的习惯用法。?

［误］ The mother want to watch the children to play on the grass.?

［正］ The mother want to watch the children play (playing) on the grass.?

［析］ watch的用法同see, hear等词。?

way ?

［误］ Please move the chair, it is on the way.?

［正］ Please move the chair, it is in the way.?

［析］ in the way 为"挡道"，而on the way为"在路上"，如： on my way home (在回家路上)，on his way to the station(在他去火车站的路上)。而by the way是"顺便说"，如： By the way, have you heard from Joan recently??

［误］ The students were on their way to home.?

［正］ The students were on their way home.?

［析］ home在这里为副词。?

wear ?

［误］ The little girl is old enough to wear herself.?

［正］ The little girl is old enough to dress herself.?

［析］ wear后接衣物而不接反身代词。?

what ?

［误］ I want to know what to do it??

［正］ I want to know what to do?? ［误］ I want to know how to do??

［正］ I want to know how to do it??

［析］ what是疑问代词，而how是疑问副词。要注意它们用法的不同。?

when ?

［误］ I'd cook you nice meal when you'd come home in the evening.?

［正］ I'd cook you nice meal when you came home in the evening.?

［析］ 在when引导的状语从句中，要用一般时表示将来，即主句中是将来时，从句中应用一般现在时，如主句中是过去将来时，从句中应用一般过去时。如： I'll be back when you come back from school.?

［误］ When in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.?

［正］ When Tom was in the second grade, his mother bought him a bike.?

［析］ 复合句中只有当主句的主语与从句的主语一致的情况下，才有可能省略，如： When young he had to work all day.?

［误］ We'll go to the park when it doesn't rain tomorrow. ?

［正］ We'll go to the park if it doesn't rain tomorrow.?

［析］ if用来表示不能肯定的事如果发生会如何；而when用来表示肯定会发生或很可能会发生的事情，如： I'll see you in September when I come back.? ［误］ I don't know when he comes home tomorrow.?

［正］ I don't know when he will come home tomorrow.?

［析］ when所引出的宾语从句如果是表示将来的动作要用将来时，而不是像时间状语从句中用一般时表示将来。

where ?

［误］ I don't know where to go to.?

［正］ I don't know where to go.?

［析］ where是疑问副词。?

whether ?

［误］ It is unknown if he will come.?

［正］ It is unknown whether he will come.?

［析］ if不能引导主语从句。上句中it是形式主语，其后的从句才是真正的主语从句。要注意以下各种情况不宜用if而要用whether: ?

① I didn't know whether you'll go or not. (因句中有or not选项。)?

② He didn't know whether to visit the old man. (因用于不定式前。)?

③ I'm interested in whether he'll go. (因作介词的宾语从句。)?

④ I want to know the news whether our team will win. (同位语从句。)?

⑤ Let me know whether you can come. (此句如用if则含意有所不同，其意就变为"如果你能来请通知我"。而用whether则意为"让我知道你是否能来"。)?

who ?

［误］ Whom do you think would like to come for a game of football??

［正］ Who do you think would like to come for a game of football??

［析］ 在这个句式中"do you think"应看作插入语，所以原句应为Who would like to come for a game of football??

［误］ From who was the gift??

［正］ From whom was the gift??

［正］ Who was that gift from??

［析］ 在句首时现代英语常用who取代whom，而在紧跟介词时则不能用who来取代whom.?

why ?

［误］ Why not to go to the park??

［正］ Why not go to the park??

［析］ why not后面接不带to的不定式，也可以用why don't you go with her??

win ?

［误］ We have won your class.?

［正］ We have beaten your class.?

［析］ win 是及物动词，其后的宾语应是比赛、战争、奖品、奖金，如： Which team won the football match?而beat是指"打败"对手、敌人，如： My brother beat me at poker. (请注意，beat是不规则动词，其过去式与原形相同，而过去分词为beaten. )?

wish ?

［误］ I hope you to be a good student.?

［正］ I wish you to be a good student.?

［析］ hope不能加宾语再加宾语补足语，而wish则可以，如： I wish you luck. (我祝你走运。)?

without ?

［误］ I can't do this work well without you help me.?

［正］ I can't do this work well without your help.?

［析］ without其后接动名词或名词而不接从句。?

work ?

［误］ This girl is looking for a work at the bank.?

［正］ This girl is looking for a job at the bank.?

［析］ "找工作"一般应为to find a job，而works作为"工作"讲为不可数名词，不能加不定冠词，也不可用复数。当work作为"作品"、"著作"讲时，为可数名词，如： This painting is one of his great works. 而works作为"工厂"讲时单复数形式相同，如：an iron works或two iron works. 作主语时其谓语动词可用单数，如： The steel works is closed for the holidays.?

write ?

［误］ You may write with ink.?

［正］ You may write in ink.?

［正］ You may write with a pen.?

［析］ "用……写"这一表达法要看用的是什么： 如果用钢笔则应用with, 如： Please fill in this form with a pen. 但讲用墨水时则要用in.?

yesterday ?

［误］ I came across my old friend yesterday night.?

［正］ I came across my old friend last night.?

［析］ "昨晚"应译为last night.

［正］ He has lived in Greece since 1978.?

［误］ He is living in Greece since 1978.?

［正］ America was discovered by Christopher Columbus in 1492.?

［析］ invent意为"发明"即从无到有，如： Compass was invented by the Chinese people. 而discover则意为"发现"。?

it ?

［误］ That takes me ten years to finish this work.?

［正］ It takes me ten years to finish this work.?

［析］ it在这个句中的语法作用是形式主语，而真正的主语是句子后面的不定式。有的句子要用it作形式主语或形式宾语，如： I think it difficult to learn English well.?

join ?

［误］ Did you attend the football club??

［正］ Did you join the football club??

［析］ join经常用于参加某个团体、政党，并作为其中的一个成员；attend则重点强调出会议、到场，而不一定进行具体活动，如： Did you attend the meeting yesterday?而take part in则强调参与某些具体活动或运动，如： I take part in the football game.

?

just ?

［误］ I have finished my work just now.?

［正］ I finished my work just now.?

［析］ just now意义"刚才"，所以句中的谓语动词要用过去式。?

［误］ Just I won the game.?

［正］ I just won the game.?

［析］ just单独使用时不应放在句首，而应放于① be动词之后，如： He is just a student.② 名词与一般动词之间。③ 用在第一助动词之后，如： I have just returned home. 但just与其他词组成词组时，如just now, just then, 则可用于句首和句尾。如： Just then he saw the bus coming.?

just justly ?

just常用于三种含意： ① 恰好，如： It's just five o'clock. ② 仅仅，相当于only, 如： I have just enough money to buy a dictionary. ③ 不久前，如： I just missed my old friend; He left a few minutes ago. 而justly其意为"公正的"，如： He was justly punished for his crimes.?

keep ?

［误］ She was keeping something to her father.?

［正］ She was keeping something from her father.?

［析］ "对某人隐瞒某事"要用"keep something from somebody"句型。?

［误］ He kept to repeat the word again and again.?

［正］ He kept repeating the word again and again.?

［析］ keep doing something为连续不断地做某事。有时可以与keep on doing something互换。它们的区别在于keep doing something意为该动作一直不停地在进行中，如： When the train started, she kept waving her hand. 而keep on doing something则表示该动作可能停停顿顿但却一直在进行中，如： He kept on making the same mistakes in grammar.

［误］ We must keep up the times.?

［正］ We must keep up with the times.?

［析］ 这句话意为"我们必须赶上时代"，keep up with是"赶上"之意，而keep up则是"坚持下去"的意思，如： Keep it up, don't stop now!?

key ?

［误］ I lost the key of the door.?

［正］ I lost the key to the door.?

［析］ 英语中讲某某的东西一般要用of，而key, entrance, answer则多用to，如："门的钥匙"为key to the door, "高速公路入口"为entrance to the highway, "问题的答案"为the answer (key) to the question.?

kind ?

［误］ This kind of books are not good.?

［正］ This kind of books is not good.?

［析］ kind在这种句式中应作为主语，如果讲Those kinds of books are very good. 则是正确的。?

kind sort type ?

kind和sort为同义词，意为"种类"，而type则为"型号"，如： What type of this car do you want?(你想要这种车的什么型号?)?

knock ?

［误］ Someone was knocking the door.?

［正］ Someone was knocking at the door.?

［析］ knock虽可以作及物动词，如： The car knocked a hole in the fence. 但作"敲门"讲一定要用作不及物动词： knock at (on) the door.?

know ?

［误］ I want to know to play this game.?

［正］ I want to know how to play this game.?

［析］ 要注意英语中在不定式前加疑问代词或疑问副词的用法。如：I want to know how to do it / what to do / when to do it / where to go.?

know know of ?

I know him.为"我很了解他。"而I know of him. 则为"我听说过他。"同样的用法还有hear和hear of这一词组。?

?

large ?

［误］ He found a large number of mistake in his homework.?

［正］ He found a large number of mistakes in his homework.?

［析］ "a large number of + 复数名词"，意为大量的。?

last ?

［误］ This is the newest news.?

［正］ This is the latest news.?

［析］ "最新消息"应为latest news，因为最晚到的新闻才是最新消息，请注意英语与汉语的区别。?

last the last ?

［误］ I saw my brother the last week.?

［正］ I saw my brother last week.?

［析］ 当谈到与目前有关的上月、上星期等概念时只能用last month, last week, 而不能加定冠词，the last 可用于表示一系列词的最后一个，如： That was the last Christmas I spent at home. 但the last可以用来表示持续到现在的一个长时期，如： I am busy for the last week.?

late ?

［误］ Yesterday I went home lately.?

［正］ Yesterday I went home late.?

［析］ late即可做形容词又可作副词；而lately则意为"最近的"，如： I haven't seen her lately.?

late latter later lately ?

late有两个比较级，指时间较晚应用later，如口语中常讲： See you later. (一会见。)而latter则指按顺序讲的后者，或靠后的，其反意词为former，如： the former president(前总统)。又如： I can understand the latter part of the story. 而lately则意为"近来"、"不久前"。?laughed at by his classmates. 中的at是不可省掉的。?laugh over 则指"笑着谈论"某事，如 We laugh over the film. (我们笑着谈论那个电影。)?

lay ?

［误］ We lied on the beach.?

［正］ We lay on the beach.?

［析］ 英文中有三个动词易混，在考试中也频频出现，它们的现在式，过去式，过去分词以及现在分词是： ?

lay (?vt?. 放) laid laid laying?

lie(?vi?. 躺) lay lain cying?

lie(?vi?. 说谎) lied lied lying?

learn ?

［误］ The teacher said："You must study this poem by heart."?

［正］ The teacher said："You must learn this poem by heart."?

［析］ study与learn在作"学习"讲时，常常可以互换，但learn侧重于学习成果或初级阶段的模仿性学习，如：The little baby is learning to walk. 而study则多侧重于学习的过程，如： I'm studying at this college. 而learn…by heart则是"记住"、"背诵"之意。?

leave ?

［误］ I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai.?

［正］ I'll leave Beijing for Shanghai.?

［析］ leave for一词组为"去某地"，如对话中常讲I'll leave for Shanghai. 因所离开的地点是双方都知道的则可以省略。?

leave forget ?

［误］ I've forgotten my homework at home.?

［正］ I've forgotten my homework.?

［正］ I've left my homework at home.?

［析］ 如果句中有地点状语则不要用forget, 而要用leave.?

lesson ?

［误］ I have two lessons of English.?

［正］ I have two English lessons.?

［正］ I have two lessons in English.?

［析］ "我有两节英语课。"这一表达法如上，但美国老师讲他有两节课时则多用"I have two classes."?teach somebody a lesson 为"教训某人"，或"要吸取教训"，如： Let this thing teaches you a lesson.?

lend ?

［误］ Please borrow me your bike.?

［正］ Please lend me your bike.?

［析］ borrow是指"借入"，如： I want to borrow some books from the library. lend 是"借出"，如： I can lend you my bike. 而keep为"借多久"： 如 How long can I keep it??

less ?

［误］ He has fewer money than she has.?

［正］ He has less money than she has.?

［析］ less是little的比较级，而fewer是few的比较级。要注意前者修饰不可数名词，而后者修饰可数名词。?

let ?

［误］ The teacher lets the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?

［正］ The teacher makes the students clean the classroom as a punishment.?

［析］ 虽然let, have, make有相同的用法，但make和have含有迫使某人做某事的意思。

［误］ Let's go to the park, will you??

［正］ Let's go to the park, shall we??

［误］ Let us go to the park, shall we??

［正］ Let us go to the park, will you??

［析］ Let's go的反意疑问句是shall we?而Let us go的反意疑问句则是will you??

life ?

［误］ Many people lost their life in the Second World War.?

［正］ Many People lost their lives in the Second World War.?

［析］ life作为"生命"、"性命"时应为可数名词；当泛指一般"生活"讲时则为不可数名词，如： Which do you prefer, town life or country life? 又如： Life is not all fun.?

light ?

［误］ There is a desk with a lit lamp on it.?

［正］ There is a desk with a lighted lamp on it.?

［析］ light有两个过去分词： lighted和lit，当用过去分词作形容词当定语时只能用lighted.?light可以用作名词，如： The moon gets its light from the sun. 也可以作形容词，如： The classroom is very light. 还可以作动词，如： The little girl lit a match. 作形容词时还有"轻"、"浅"等意，如： This box is light. I like light blue.?

like ?

［误］ My sister is very as me.?

［正］ My sister is very like me.?

［析］ as 作为连词其后要接从句，如： She is a good student as his brother used to be. 而like是介词，其后接宾语。?

［误］ Do you like swimming with me tonight.?

［正］ Would you like to swim with me tonight.?

［析］ like作为动词当"喜欢"讲时，其后面可接不定式也可接动名词，用不定式多表达一个一次性的动作，如： I'm sorry I don't like to go swimming tonight. 用动名词则表示一个习惯性的动作，如： I like swimming very much.?

like alike ?

作为形容词，alike 一般不作定语，而只作表语，如； The twins are very alike.?

［误］ Would you like swimming with us??

［正］ Would you like to swim with us??

［析］ 在would you like…这一句型中，其后面只能接不定式，而不能接动名词。?like的用法还要注意以下两点： ① He likes Tom. 为"他喜欢汤姆。"② He is like Tom. 为"他像汤姆。"第二句话的like为介词，而第一句话的like为动词。?

listen ?

［误］ You should hear the teahcer's advice.?

［正］ You should listen to the teacher's advice.?

［析］ hear多侧重于听到某事或某种声音，而listen to则侧重于听的倾向性。如： We listen but hear nothing. 例句为"听取某人意见"，所以只能用listen to someone's advice.?

little ?

［误］ Don't worry, there is little time.?

［正］ Don't worry, there is a little time.?

［误］ There is a little water. Shall I get some??

［正］ There is little water. Shall I get some??

［析］ 要注意中英文在同一问题上的表达法是不同的。如中文"水不多了，我去取点吧。"英文要讲"没水了，我去取点吧。"?

little small ?

little与small是近义词，在作定语时常常可以互换，如： a little girl或a small girl,但little一般不作表语，如： The car over there is small. 一句中不要用little. 作定语时little常常带有感情色彩，而small则带有对比的含义。?

live ?

［误］ Tom lives with his parents' money.?

［正］ Tom lives on his parents' money.?

［误］ He lives on teaching.?

［正］ He lives by teaching.?

［析］ "靠吃某物为生"应用live on something, 而live by是"靠某种生活手段为生"。?

living alive ?

living侧重于生活得很好，身体不错，如： My grandfather is still living in his eighties. 而alive则强调没有死而是活着的，如： Is that cat alive or dead??

lonely ?

［误］ She wanted to do her homework lonely.?

［正］ She wanted to do her homework alone.?

［析］ lonely意为"寂寞的"、"孤单的"，如： The old man felt lonely. alone则意为"独自的"、"单独的"，如： He lives alone but he doesn't feel lonely.

?

long ?

［误］ I have been studying long for the exam.?

［正］ I have been studying for a long time for the exam.?

［析］ long用作表达时间的副词时，在否定句及疑问句中最常用，但在肯定句中除与so, too, as…as连用外，一般要用for a long time.?

［误］ I'll call you as long as the book will be returned.?

［正］ I'll call you as long as the book is returned.?

［析］ as…as引导的状语从句中可以用一般现在时表示将来。?

［误］ How long do you go to see your parents? Once a week.?

［正］ How often do you go to see your parents? Once a week.?

［析］ 因为答语为每周一次所以问的是频率，要用how often.

?

look ?

look for find ?

look for 侧重于 "寻找"这个动作，如： What are you looking for? 而find则侧重于结果，如： It is very difficult to find a job. 这里不能用look for，因为真正困难的是"找到"工作。?

其他用法还有：?

［例］ He often looks back on his high?school days.?

［析］ look back on something 为"回顾"、"回想"。?

［例］ I wish you wouldn't look down on (upon) the children's work.?

［析］ look down on (upon) 为"看不起"某人或某事。?

［误］ I'm looking forward to see you.?

［正］ I'm looking forward to seeing you.?

［析］ look forward to词组中的to是介词，所以其后要加名词或动名词，不能接不定式。?

lot ?

［误］ I can buy this dictionary now, because I have got much money.?

［正］ I can buy this dictionary now because I have got a lot of money.?

［析］ much money多用于疑问句与否定句中，而在肯定句中要用a lot of.?lots of与a lot of之间无多大区别，两者都可以修饰可数与不可数名词，所以常常可以互换。?

［误］ He is more happier now.?

［正］ He is a lot happier now.?

［析］ 不可用more来修饰比较级，能修饰比较级的词有very much, a lot, lots, any, no, rather, a little, a bit等。?

loud loudly ?

这两个词含意相同，在日常用语中loud多与talk，speak, shout, laugh等动词连用，如：Don't speak so loud， you'll wake the baby. 而在比较正式的场合才用loudly.?

loud aloud ?

loud多指把声音放大，而aloud则指要出声不要默读。如：?-What did you say??-Oh, nothing, I was just think aloud. (我只不过自言自语。)?

make ?

［误］ The little boy was made repeat the whole story.?

［正］ The little boy was made to repeat the whole story.?

［误］ The father made his son to do his homework from morning till night.?

［正］ The father made his son do his homework from morning till night.?

［析］ make 的句型为"make somebody do (doing) something".但在被动语态中原来被省去的不定式符号to要被还原回来。?

［误］ I always do this mistake.?

［正］ I always make this mistake.?

［析］ 英语中do和make是十分不易弄清的两个动词，do常用于谈论工作时或某种不确定的活动时，如： do a favour(帮个忙)，do one's best(竭尽全力)，do good(有益)， do harm(有害)，而多数情况下常用make, 如： make a suggestion, make a cake, make a bed(收拾床)，make a noise, make money等等。?

［误］ This wine was made of grapes.?

［正］ This wine was made from grapes.?

［析］ 当成品制成后，其原料的性质有所改变时应用make from，否则用make of， 如： This door was made of iron.?

［误］ Hard work can often make up a lack of intelligence.?

［正］ Hard work can often make up for a lack of intelligence.?

［析］ make up是"创造"、"编织"，而make up for是"弥补……的不足之处"。上句应译为"勤奋工作可以弥补天资的不足。"?

［误］ We made up our mind to study hard.?

［正］ We made up our minds to study hard.?

［析］ mind这里是可数名词，使用时要特别予以注意make up one's mind是"下定决心"之意。?

［误］ Our class is made of twenty girls and twenty?one boys.?

［正］ Our class is made up of twenty girls and twenty?one boys.?

［析］ make up of…是"某物由……组成或构成"。?

many ?

［误］ I have many friends.?

［正］ I have a lot of friends.?

［析］ many和much多用于疑问句或否定句中，而在肯定句中则用处不多，尤其在非正式谈话中。如：?

-How much money have you got??

-I've got plenty.?

［误］ You bought much too tomatoes.?

［正］ You bought too many tomatoes.?

［析］ too many后接可数名词，too much后接不可数名词，而much too后面接形容词，意为"太多"。?

［误］ For many a weeks it rained a lot.?

［正］ For many a week it rained a lot.?

［析］ many a意为"好多"、"许多"，但其后面要加单数名词

。?

matter ?

［误］ No matter what you did.?

［正］ No matter what you did, I trusted you.?

［析］ No matter是个词组，意为"不论"，它的语法功能是起连接作用，所以不能用于一个单独的句子。?

it doesn't matter这个词组则不是一个连接词组，所以可以和一个单句连用，如： It ?doesn't? mater what you say. (你说什么都不要紧。)?

maybe ?

［误］ May be he is right.?

［正］ Maybe he is right.?

［析］ maybe是副词，不要错用为may be.?

maybe perhaps ?

这两个词的词意一样，maybe常用于非正式谈话，而perhaps则多用在正式文体中。如： Maybe/Perhaps the weather will get better. 而?Julius Caesar? is perhaps the greatest of Shakespeare's early plays.?

mend ?

［误］ I want to have my bike mended.?

［正］ I want to have my bike repaired.?

［析］ mend意为"缝补"，如： My mother mended my coat. 而repair是"修理"。?

mind ?

［误］ Could you mind to close the door??

［正］ Could you mind closing the door??

［误］ Try to make up your mind studying hard.?

［正］ Try to make up your mind to study hard.?

［析］ mind用作动词时，其后加动名词；而用作名词意为"下定决心"时，其后要加不定式。 ?要注意Do you mind if I smoke?的答语： 如果你不介意，应回答"No, go ahead."如果你不想让对方吸烟，则应讲"Yes, please don't."?

miss ?

［误］ I found my bag missed.?

［正］ I found my bag missing.?

［析］ missing为形容词，其意为"不见了"、"丢了"。在句中用作宾语补足语时不要误用missed，它作动词时多为及物动词，要接名词或动名词，而不接不定式。如： I missed the first train, I don't want to miss seeing the famous football player.?在作补足语讲某物"不见了"时有missing, gone, lost等，如： I found my bag missing (gone, lost).?

mistake ?

［误］ I took your pen by wrong.?

［正］ I took your pen by mistake.?

［析］ by mistake是"错拿了"、"误拿了"你的东西。wrong意为"错误"，而by mistake为"弄混了"。如：?

［误］ If I'm not wrong, you are Mr Brown.?

［正］ If I'm not mistaken, you are Mr Brown. (如果我没弄错的话，您是Brown先生。)

［误］ The teachers always mistook me as my brother.?

［正］ The teachers always mistook me for my brother.?

［析］ mistake…for…是"错把……当作……"之意，如： I took your book for mine.?

more ?

［误］ This book is more better than that one.?

［正］ This book is much better than that one.?

［析］ 不能用比较级来修饰比较级，而应用much, rather等来修饰比较级。?

［误］ More you read, more you learn.?

［正］ The more you read, the more you learn.?

［析］ 在"越……越……的"表达法中，形容词的比较级前要加定冠词。请注意more than one这个词组的后面要跟单数名词和单数谓语动词。如： More than one student is going to do part time job after school.?

no more than not morethan ?

no more than应译为"只不过"、"才"，如： He wrote no more than three books. 即他真正写了三本书。而not more than则意为"不会多于"，如： He wrote not more than three books. 即他写的书不会多于三本。又如： He is no shorter than you. 应译为"你和他都不矮"，而He is not shorter than you. 才应译为"他比你高。"?

most ?

［误］ Most of students are good at English.?

［正］ Most of the students are good at English.?

［正］ Most students are good at English.?

［析］ most of这一结构后面的名词前一定要有一个限定词。?

［误］ My friends are most teachers.?

［正］ My friends are mostly teachers.?

［析］ mostly意为"大部分的"，"主要的"。?

much ?

［误］ The boy was asleep very much.?

［正］ The boy was fast asleep.?

［析］ 不是所有的形容词都可以用very来修饰，如fast asleep意为"熟睡"，则是固定搭配。像interesting, exciting, surprising这些形容词化的现在分词，以及tired, interested这些形容词化的过去分词则要用very来修饰。?

must ?

［误］ He must be in the office, and mustn't go home.?

［正］ He must be in the office, and can't go home.?

［析］ must加动词原形为对事情的肯定推测，而否定的推测则要用can't加动词原形。?

［误］ It must have rained now.?

［正］ It must have rained yesterday.?

［析］ "must+have+过去分词"为对过去发生事情的推测。这句话应译为"昨天一定是下雨了。"又如： I must go and call him. He must have forgotten it.?

must have to ?

must用来表示说话者觉得某件事有必要去做，如I must stop smoking. 其意为：我自己认为我要戒烟；而have to则多用来表达由于来自外界的因素而不得不去做的事，如： I have to go to school tomorrow.?must无过去式，当用在讲过去某件必须要做的事时要用had to, 如： When I was young, I had to go to the factory.?在否定句中mustn't意为：一定不要做某事，如： You mustn't tell this to Tom. 而haven't to则多意为没有必要去做，如： You don't have to tell this to Tom. 而英语中多用needn't 来取代haven't to.?

myself ?

［误］ I can't play ping?pong myself.?

［正］ I can't play ping?pong by myself.?

［析］ 第一句并无语法错误，myself为"我亲自要去"，而by myself为"独自一人"。这句话要表达的意思是"我一个人无法打乒乓球。"而I want to play ping?pong myself. 应译为"我自己想去打乒乓球。"?

name ?

［误］ She was named of a flower.?

［正］ She was named after a flower.?

［析］ 以……命名应为name after，又如给某人取名应为The father named his son Tom.?

near ?

［误］ We came near to hit him.?

［正］ We came near to hitting him.?

［析］ 这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"near to这一用法中to为介词，其后要接宾语，所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to，如： I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.?

by near ?

We lived near the city. 与We lived by the city. 两句话都是对的，但其表达的意义有所不同，by在表达距离时比near更近，所以by the city是紧靠近某城市。?

need ?

［误］ This room needs to clean.?

［正］ This room needs to be cleaned.?

［正］ This room needs cleaning.?

［析］ 在表达某事需要做什么时，need后面如用不定式要用其被动态，如接动名词则要用主动态。?

［误］ We need not to do it.?

［正］ We needn't do it.?

［析］ need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词，所以无人称变化也不加to，而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词，如： We need your help.?

neither ?

［误］ None of my parents is a teacher.?

［正］ Neither of my parents is a teacher.?

［析］ 对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情况。?

［误］ I don't do my homework. Neither he does.?

［正］ I don't do my homework. Neither does he.?

［析］ 这时应用倒装句。?

［误］ Neither you nor I are right.?

［正］ Neither you nor I am right.?

［析］ neither…nor… 这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。?

［误］ Neither he studies nor plays.?

［正］ Neither does he study nor play.?

［析］ neither, hardly, seldom等否定词位于句首时，谓语动词采用倒装形式。

?

never ?

［误］ Never I have broken my word.?

［正］ Never have I broken my word.?

［析］ never用于句首时起强调作用，要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面，如： I shall never forgot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成语中，如： Better late than never. (晚做比不做强。)never mind没关系，如： "What did you say?""Oh, never mind."?

news ?

［误］ There are many news about the accident.?

［正］ There is much news about the accident.?

［析］ news是不可数名词，它没有复数形式，如果讲一条新闻要用a piece of news.

newspaper ?

［误］ I read the news on today's newspaper.?

［正］ I read the news in today's newspaper.?

［析］ 在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in，而on the newspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上，如： May I put the flower on this newspaper??

night ?

［误］ I came home very late yesterday night.?

［正］ I came home very late last night.?

［析］ "昨晚"一般要讲last night，而不应参照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的说法yesterday morning等套用。?

no none ?

no是个限定词，它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前，如： No news is good news. 但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no，而要用none of，如None of the students was here.?

no not ?

要使句子具有部分否定的意思，我们用not，如： I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定则用no，如Sorry, there is no time to talk.?

No one none ?

no one与nobody一样不能接of结构，如： No one wished me good luck. 而要用of结构时要用none, 如： None of my friends wished me good luck.?

nor ?

［误］ I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it.?

［正］ I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it.?

［析］ 注意在表达"既不……也不……"时不要用or作连词，而要用nor，并且要用倒装语序。 ?

not ?

［误］ The students went to the park, but no the teachers.?

［正］ The students went to the park, but not the teachers.?

［析］ 要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not, 而不用no.?

［误］ There is no my letter today.?

［正］ There is no letter for me today.?

［析］ no是一个限定词，用在名词前时，要注意这个名词前应没有冠词、物主代词或指示代词。?

［误］ He not only was a writer but also an actor.?

［正］ He was not only a writer but also an actor.?

［析］ 在这一句型中not only之后的词与but also之后的词类必须一致，否则应为错句。如果这一结构用在主语位置，则谓语动词要与but also后面的主语保持一致，如： Not only you but also I am wrong.?

nothing ?

［误］ Nothing but books were sold here.?

［正］ Nothing but books was sold here.?

［析］ 要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books，所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错。

［误］ I have nothing to do but to cry.?

［正］ I have nothing to do but cry.?

［析］ 在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式。?

number ?

［误］ A number of news can be heard on TV today.?

［正］ A lot of news can be heard on TV today.?

［析］ a number of后接可数名词复数。?

［误］ The number of students are ten thousand.?

［正］ The number of students is ten thousand.?

［析］ a number of 其意为"大量的"，而the number of…是"某某的数量"。即the number of students意为"学生人数"，所以要用单数形式的谓语动词。?

o'clock ?

［误］ It's ten past five o'clock.?

［正］ It's ten past five.?

［析］ o'clock所表达的时间是正点，如果要表达的时间是几点几分或差几分几点都不能用o'clock.?

once ?

［误］ Please come and see me once.?

［正］ Please come and see me one day.?

［析］ once用来谈论过去的事情，而不能谈论未来。如果要谈及未来要用one day, some time等。?

［误］ I met him one time when I was a student.?

［正］ I met him once when I was a student.?

［析］ 英语中一次应用once而不用one time，二次要用twice而不用two times.?

one ?

［误］ My grandfather wants to live for hundred years.?

［正］ My grandfather wants to live for one hundred years.?

［误］ He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy new one.?

［正］ He threw away the old dictionary and wanted to buy a new one.?

［误］ His dog is bigger than my one.?

［正］ His dog is bigger than mine.?

［析］ 一般物主代词之后不用one，除非one前有修饰词，如my old one， 否则要用名词性物主代词。?

［误］ One of the teacher is in the office.?

［误］ One of the teachers are in the office.?

［正］ One of the teachers is in the office.?

［析］ One是句子的主语，其谓语动词应用单数，而of后面的名词要用复数名词。?

［误］ One third of the books is sent to the students.?

［正］ One third of the books are sent to the students.?

［析］ 几分之几或百分之几这一结构用在主语位置，其谓语动词要与of后面的名词一致，如Two thirds of the work is done.?

open ?

［误］ Are the banks opened today??

［正］ Are the banks open today??

［析］ 要注意open即可用作动词、名词，还可以用作形容词，而close则不同。请看： Are the banks closed today?这一句是正确的。?

or ?

［误］ He doesn't drink and smoke.?

［正］ He doesn't drink or smoke.?

［析］ 否定句中的并列连词要用or而不用and.?

［误］ He neither drinks or smokes.?

［正］ He neither drinks nor smokes.?

other ?

［误］ Where are the others students??

［正］ Where are the other students??

［正］ Where are the others??

［析］ other作形容词时没有复数形式，且作为泛指讲时没有定冠词，如： Ask some other eople. 而加定冠词后为特指。 the other可在句中作主语、宾语或定语，如： Now let me show you the other. (宾语) He has two sons. One is a worker, the other is a teacher. (主语) others 只能作代词，而the others则为特指，如： There are five books. Two of them are not good. I like the others.?

out ?

［误］ She went out the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.?

［正］ She went out of the classroom, taking a dictionary with her.?

［析］ out of是指"从……里出来"，使用时不要将of丢掉。?

paper ?

［误］ Please give me two letter papers.?

［正］ Please give me two sheets of letter paper.?

［析］ paper作为纸讲为不可数名词。?

［误］ Each student must write paper on what he learned.?

［正］ Each student must write a paper on what he learned.?

［析］ 这里的paper作为论文讲，是可数名词。paper的这种用法还可以用于证件、报纸、考卷等。

parent ?

［误］ My parents and I are both interested in football.

［正］ My parents and I are all interested in football.?

［析］ parents即为父母、双亲，指两个人，加上自己为三个人，所以只能用all而不能用both.?

pass ?

［误］ The ship pasted the channel.?

［正］ The ship passed the channel.?

［析］ pass为动词，而past则为副词，不要混淆，如： My father has been ill for the past two weeks. All the students passed the exam.?

pay ?

［误］ Please help me do this job, and I will pay for you later.?

［正］ Please help me do this job and I will pay you later.?

［析］ 为某工作付给工人工资应为pay somebody, 而pay for something是为某物付款，如： You can buy all the things you want. I'll pay for those.?

people ?

［误］ There are five hundred peoples here.?

［正］ There are five hundred people here.?

［误］ There is only one people.?

［正］ There is only one person.?

［误］ People there is friendly.?

［正］ People there are friendly.?

［析］ people作为人讲时为复数名词，如要讲一个人应用one person, 而不能用people, 讲若干人时用people而不能加s，这样的用法还有police(警察)等，这些概念用单数时要换其他的词. 如： people－a person; police－policeman policewoman; youth－a young man/woman.?

picture ?

［误］ There are some spots in the picture.?

［正］ There are some spots on the picture.?

［误］ There is a young woman on the picture.?

［正］ There is a young woman in the picture.?

［析］ 指溅落在画面上的灰尘，污物是on the picture，即讲与画面内容无关的东西用on，而in the picture用于讲画面的内容。?

pity ?

［误］ What pity that her mother must always suffer!?

［正］ What a pity that her mother must always suffer!?

［析］ pity作为遗憾之事讲常加不定冠词；但要注意作为同情、怜悯讲则不加冠词，为不可数名词，如： I feel pity for you. 它还可以用作动词，如： He pitied the poor people.?

［误］ I have pity for you.?

［正］ I have pity on you.?

［析］ 可怜某人时应用have (take) pity on somebody，这是个惯用法。?

place ?

［误］ Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to another.?

［正］ Last year he went to America. He travelled from place to place (from one place to another).?

［析］ 到处译为英文时为from place to place请不要在place之前加冠词。这种用法在有些语法书中叫作零冠词用法，如：一户挨一户为door by door，手拉手为hand in hand.?

［误］ The accident was taken place in that street.?

［正］ The accident took place in that street.?

［析］ take place为发生，它不能用于被动态，这样的词还有happen等。?

［误］ There is no place in the bus.?

［正］ There is no room in the bus.?

［析］ room这里为不可数名词，意为空间，即没有地方了。place多指场所所在之地。

［误］ I came here to take place of Mr Smith.?

［正］ I came here to take the place of Mr Smith.?

［析］ take the place of 意为代替、取代某人某事。

?

play ?

［误］ Do you want to play guitar??

［正］ Do you want to play the guitar??

［误］ I like to play the bridge.?

［正］ I like to play bridge(桥牌).?

［析］ play作为玩讲时，在各种乐器前要加冠词，在各种体育运动前则没有冠词。?

please ?

［误］ My friend pleased me to his birthday party yesterday.?

［正］ My friend invited me to his birthday party yesterday.?

［析］ please作为动词时其词义不是请，而是高兴、愿意等意，如： She always does what she pleases. (她总是想做什么就做什么。)又如： It's hard to please all. 而please作为请讲时为语气词，多用于祈使句中，如： Please come in.?

［误］ Both the teacher and the mother were pleased to the little girl.?

［正］ Both the teacher and the mother were pleased with the little girl.?

［析］ 对某人表示满意、喜欢，应用be pleased with somebody. 对某事感到高兴和满意时多用be pleased at或about，但有时也可用with，却不能用of.?

pleasure ?

［误］ The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasures.?

［正］ The boy gave his parents a lot of pleasure.?

［析］ pleasure作为高兴、愉快、享乐、娱乐 讲时为不可数名词。?

［误］ It is pleasure to work with you.?

［正］ It is a pleasure to work with you.?

［析］ pleasure作为一件或某件乐事、高兴之事讲时为 可数名词，如： It is one of my pleasures.?

police ?

［误］ The police has not found the cause of the accident.

［正］ The police have not found the cause of the accident.

［析］ police为复数名词，它没有单数形式。如果要讲一个警察 要用a policeman，两个要用two policemen，或a policewoman, two policewomen.?

prepare ?

［误］ I'm preparing the exam.?

［正］ I'm preparing for the exam.?

［误］ We'll return in time for you to prepare for dinner.

［正］ We'll return in time for you to prepare dinner.?

［析］ prepare既是及物动词，又是不及物动词。作及物动词时 其后面所跟的事物是正在 准备的；而作不及物动词时for后面的事物是目标。如： I'm preparing for the exam. 应

译为我正在为考试做准备。同样的用法还有search与search for.?

present ?

［误］ Don't worry. I can present the meeting.?

［正］ Don't worry. I can be present at the meeting.?

［析］ present作为出席、在场讲时，是形容词而不应 用作动词。其动词意为 送给;赠给;提出，如： The reporter presented arguments of his idea.

? put

?

［误］ She put off her red dress and put on the green one.

［正］ She took off her red dress and put on the green on e.?

［析］ 与put连用的介词很多，一般来讲on与off是一对相反的意 义的介词，如： turn on (打开)，turn off(关上)，穿衣服是put on，但脱衣服却只能用take off,而put o ff是推迟、使某人下车、关掉之意，如： They put off the exam because t he national holiday. (因国家假日而推迟考期。)Could you put me off at the Town Ha ll. (请在市政厅让我下车。)Please put off the wireless before you leave. (走之前 请关掉无线电。)?

?

radio

?

［误］ There are two radioes in the classroom.?

［正］ There are two radios in the classroom.?

［误］ I heard the weather report through the radio.?

［正］ I heard the weather report on the radio.?

［析］ 在收音机中听到某事应为hear something on the ra dio，听收音机应为l isten to the radio. 这样的用法还有电视，看电视为watch TV，讲在电视上看见什 么节目为watch…on TV，如： I'm watching the football match on TV. 但注意，作为 一种通信手段时应为by radio, 如： Police are talking to each other by radio.? rain ?

［误］ There is a small rain falling.?

［正］ There is a light rain falling.?

［误］ There is a big rain.?

［正］ There is a heavy rain.?

［析］ 大雨在英文中应为a heavy rain, rain cats and do gs 为倾盆大雨，小雨 为a light rain. 千万不要讲a big rain 或a small rain. 当作动词讲时，雨下得很 大可译为： It rains very much now/hard now/heavily now.?

reach

?

［误］ We reached to the town very late.?

［正］ We reached the town very late.?

［析］ reach作为到达讲是及物动词，而arrive为不及物动 词。但要注意reach的词组 搭配，如reach for， 为伸手去拿，如： The thief reached for the gun. reach ou t伸出手，如： He reached out and took an interesting book.?

ready ?

［误］ You must ready at once.?

［正］ You must be ready at once.?

［析］ ready为形容词，而不像中文中准备为动词。?

remember

?

［误］ I didn't remember closing the door, so the thief c ame into the room directly.?

［正］ I didn't remember to close the door, so the thief came into the room directly.?

［析］ remember其后接动名词，动名词所表示的动作已经做完， 如： I don't remember meeting you. 其后如接不定式，不定式表达的动作还没有去做，如： Do remember to tur n off the light before you leave.?

rest ?

［误］ The rest of the students is girls.?

［正］ The rest of the students are girls.?

［析］ rest作剩余部分讲时，the rest of…结构作主语时 其谓语动词应与of后面的名词的数保持一致。这种用法还有1/3 of, 80% of等。?

［误］ The rest of the work are done.?

［正］ The rest of the work is done.?

return ?

［误］ My friends returned back to their second home town .?

［正］ My friends returned to their second home town.?

［析］ return即为返回，所以back是多余的。这句话还可以 表述为： My friends went back to their second home town.?

rice

?

［误］ We had a few rice and some bread.?

［正］ We had a little rice and some bread.?

［析］ rice为物质名词，为不可数名词。?

rice

?

［误］ We had a few rice and some bread.?

［正］ We had a little rice and some bread.?

［析］ rice为物质名词，为不可数名词。?

rich ?

［误］ The country is rich of oil.?

［正］ The country is rich in oil.?

［析］ be rich in 为盛产……。?

［误］ The rich is not always happy.?

［正］ The rich are not always happy.?

［析］ 形容词加定冠词表示一类人，作主语时要作复数看待。?

［误］ All his riches is no good to him if he is so ill.

［正］ All his riches are no good to him if he is so ill.

［析］ riches为财富，是复数名词，没有单数形式。像这 样的词还有goods(货物)，greens(青菜)，manners(礼貌)等。?

river

［误］ We like swimming on the river.?

［正］ We like swimming in the river.?

［误］ We like boating in the river.?

［正］ We like boating on the river.?

［析］ 游泳用in the river，而在湖中划船要用on the river.

room

［误］ There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make a room for her.?

［正］ There are already three people sitting on the sofa , please try to make room for her.?

［析］ room作为空间讲时为不可数名词。leave room for… 为给某人留点空地； make room for…为让位给某人，如： The young man made room for an old woman.

?

run

?

［误］ I ran across with an old friend at the school gate .?

［正］ I ran across an old friend at the school gate.?

［析］ run across 为偶然相遇。?

［误］ The truck ran across the cat.?

［正］ The truck ran over the cat.?

［析］ run over为从……上辗过。?

［误］ Yesterday I ran to a storm on my way home.?

［正］ Yesterday I ran into a storm on my way home.?

［析］ run into为撞上或撞在……上。?

?

safe

［误］ The brave man safed the boy from drowning.?

［正］ The brave man saved the boy from drowning.?

［析］ safe是形容词，如： They wished him a safe journey. safely是副词，如： The young man drives his car safely. 而safety是名词，如： safety island(安全岛)，Safety first!(安全第一!)但save是动词。

same ?

［误］ Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same that you got the day before yesterday.?

［正］ Yesterday I got a postcard. It is the same as you got the day before yesterday.?

［析］ the same that意为"即是"，而the same as才能译为"像……一样的。"?

［误］ Your book is not same as mine.?

［正］ Your book is not the same as mine.?

［析］ the same as中的定冠词不能少。

say ?

［误］ His report wrote she is nineteen.?

［正］ His report says she is nineteen.?

［析］ 中文中常讲"报告上写到"、"信上写到"，这样的"写"在英文中要用say.?

say speak talk tell

?

英文中"说"一般有四个词，其中say和tell为及物动词。tell可以加双宾语，如Please tell me a story. 而speak与talk为不及物动词。speak只有后面直接加"语言"时才是及物的，如： Please speak English. 请看下句： He went on talking for a long time, but he spoke so fast that few of us could catch what he said.?

sea ?

［误］ As a boy his great ambition(抱负) was to go to the sea.?

［正］ As a boy his great ambition was to go to sea.?

［析］ go to sea为"去当水手、海员"；而go to the sea=go to the seaside, 如： He want to go to the sea for his vacation.?

在"海中"游泳为in the sea; at sea为在"海上航行"，如： I have a brother at sea. by sea为"坐船"、"由海路运输"，如： We travelled to New York by sea.?

second ?

［误］ I want to learn the second foreign language.?

［正］ I want to learn a second foreign language.?

［析］ 当作为"第二"外语，"再增加一个"时，不要用the second而要用a second. the second强调排队的次序，a second强调再增加一个。?

see ?

［误］ He was seen leave the room.?

［正］ He was seen to leave the room.?

［析］ see作主动态时用作to see somebody do something, 而用作被动态时则是somebody to be seen to do something. 要注意惯用法let me see(让我想想)。?

sheep ?

［误］ There are five sheeps on the grass.?

［正］ There are five sheep on the grass.?

［析］ sheep是单、复数同形名词，其他的还有： deer(鹿)，fish(鱼)等。?

ship ?

［误］ I travelled on a yacht.?

［正］ I travelled on a ship (in a yacht).?

［析］ 虽然都是船，但游艇(yacht)要用in, 而ship要用on.?

sick ?

［误］ The little boy was a ill boy.?

［正］ The little boy was a sick boy.?

［析］ sick与ill作表语时都表示"有病"之意，如： He feels ill. 或He feels sick. 都对，但作定语时则只能用sick.?

since ?

［误］ America was invented by Christopher Columbus in 1492.?

［正］ -What grade are you in??-I'm in Gread 1. ?

［析］ 当泛指那一年级时grade的头一个字母小写，当有具体数字时则要大写。?

had better ?

［误］ You have better hurry.?

［正］ You had better hurry.?

［析］ had better只用过去时had，不要误用成现在时have。?

［误］ You hadn't better worry.?

［正］ You had better not worry.?

［析］ had better后面加不带to的不定式，其否定式是"had better not+动词原形"。?

half ?

［误］ I had driven about half mile.?

［正］ I had driven about half a mile.?

［析］ "半小时"有两种讲法half an hour, a half hour. 而"一个半小时"应讲an hour and a half或one and a half hours."半天"应讲half a day，"半镑"应讲half a pound.但要尽量避免使用half a year，而应用six months；不用half a month, 而用two weeks或fifteen days.?

［误］ Half us could go to the park.?

［正］ Half of us could go to the park.?

［析］ half用于名词前可用of结构也可不用of结构，但用于代词前则必须加of。如：More than half (of) my classmates are boys.?

［误］ One and half apples are left on the table.?

［正］ One and half apples is left on the table.?

［析］ 一个半one and half后面的名词要用复数，而句中的谓语动词却要用单数。?

［误］ Half of the work are done.?

［正］ Half of the work is done.?

［误］ Half of the six apples is red.?

［正］ Half of the six apples are red.?

［析］ "half of+名词"这一结构后面的谓语动词应与of后面的名词相一致，如为不可数名词或可数名词单数，要用单数谓语动词；而复数名词后面要加与复数相对应的谓语动词。?

hand ?

［误］ He shook hand with his teacher.?

［正］ He shook hands with his teacher.?

［析］ 与某人握手要用shake hands. 与hand有关的词组中有很多要用复数形式，如：change hands (转手、易手)，in the hands of (由……控制)，join hands (与人合作)。?

happen ?

［误］ What was happened to you last month??

［正］ What happened to you last month??

［误］ An accident was happened in this street last night.?

［正］ An accident happened in this street last night.?

［析］ 在英语中不及物动词没有被动态，作为"发生"讲的happen，take place和break out都不具有被动态。happen to常用来表达一件偶然发生的事，如：If you happen to meet my sister please ask her to call me.?

hard ?

［误］ I have to study hardly.?

［正］ I have to study hard.?

［析］ hard是形容词，如：a hard work，但它同时也是副词。hardly是hard的又一副词形式，但词意截然不同，意为"几乎不"。?

［误］ I had my leg broken last term， so I couldn't hardly study at all.?

［正］ I had my leg broken last term so I hardly studied at all.?

［析］ hardly意为"否定"，所以不要再加否定词语了，如果hardly用于句首则应采用倒装语序，如：Hardly had he arrived when she started complaining.?

have ?

［误］ I had my boy do his homework from morning till noon.?

［正］ I had my boy doing his homework from morning till noon.?

［析］ 用have somebody do something还是doing something要取决句子的意思和句中的时间状语。?

［误］ I have my bike to repair.?

［正］ I have my bike repaired.?

［析］ have something done这一句型是让某事被别人去作，请看下面两句意义的不同：I have repaired my bike. (我自己已修好了自行车。)而I have my bike repaired.(我把车推出去让别人修理了。)?

［误］ Could you give me some money if you have.?

［正］ Could you give me some money if you have any.?

［析］ "如果你有的话"一句译为英文应加上any一词，如：I want some books if there is any.?

headache ?

［误］ I've got headache.?

［正］ I've got a headache.?

［析］ Headache是一个规则的可数名词，所以可以讲：My mother often gets headaches. 但是"牙痛"toothache，"肚子痛"stomache?ache等却都可以用作不可数名词，如：I've got toothache. 但也可用作可数名词。?

hear ?

［误］ He was heard sing in the next room.?

［正］ He was heard to sing in the next room.?

［析］ hear somebody do something这一句式用于被动语态时要把原来省略的不定式to还原回来。而在hear somebody doing something这一句式中则不会出现上述问题。如，主动态：I heard her singing in the next room. 变为被动态时为：She was heard singing in the next room. 这种用法还适用于see, look, observe, watch, notice, listen to等。?

hear listen to ?

hear一词为听见了什么，或听到什么，强调其结果；而listen to则强调有意要听，听的倾向。如：I want to listen to you, but I hear nothing.?

但词组hear about (of)则为"听说过"之意，如：I heard about this. (我听说过此事。)而hear from则为"收到某人信件"之意：I often hear from my girl friend.?

help ?

［误］ Please help my homework.?

［正］ Please help me do my homework.?

［正］ Please help me with my homework.?

［析］ help其句型是help somebody do (to do) something. 意为"帮某人作某事"，但在较古老的语法中不带to的不定式表示句子的主语参加这个动作，如：He help his mother cook the meal. 即"他和母亲一起作饭。"而He help me to do my homework. 则是"他指导我做作业"。但在现代英语中这个区别则往往被取消了。所以带to与不带to的不定式在句中意思相同，并无区别。?

［误］ When I read the play I can't help to think of my childhood.?

［正］ When I read the play I can't help thinking of my childhood.?

［析］ can't help doing something是"身不由己，情不自禁做某事"。?

［误］ Help yourself with some cakes.?

［正］ Help yourself to some cakes.?

［析］ 中文中讲"你自己拿蛋糕吃"，英文中要用help somebody to something.?

here ?

［误］ Here the bus comes!?

［正］ Here comes the bus!?

［析］ 副词在句首时一般要用倒装语序，即谓语动词的位置前移。但是，若主语如是人称代词，则还是要用正常语序，如：Here we are!?

high ?

［误］ He is very high.?

［正］ He is very tall.?

［析］ 英语中的两个"高"high和tall，其中tall指人指物都是可以的，但high则只指物体的高，所以可以讲This building is the highest building in the city.但tall一般不用来指山脉的高低。?

hit ?

［误］ The mother got angry and hit the boy.?

［正］ The mother got angry and beat the boy.?

［析］ hit指打到某物之上，一般指一次性打击，如He hit his head against the wall.(他把头撞到了墙上。)而beat则指多次性的打击。?

home ?

［误］ I'm tired. It's time I went to home.?

［正］ I'm tired. It's time I went home.?

［析］ home此处用作副词，所以不应加to，又如：I arrived home at eleven thirty yesterday evening.而at home除了"在家"之意外，还有像"在家里一样"之意。如Make yourself at home.(不要拘束就像在家一样。)?

home house family ?

home是指与亲人一起居住的地方，可以讲a letter from home，所以有人解释home包括住处和家人。而house的侧重点则在建筑物，如Many new houses were built this year. family一词，作为整体讲其谓语动词用单数，如：Her family is a happy one.而作为家庭成员讲时要用复数谓语动词，如：My family are all like swimming.?

homgwork ?

［误］ I have so many homework to do today.?

［正］ I have so much homework go do today.?

［析］ homework为不可数名词。同样的词还有work(work作为"著作"、"作品"、"工厂"讲时为可数名词)，fun，health information等。?

hope ?

［误］ I hope you to be a good student.?

［正］ I hope you will be a good student.?

［析］ hope一词不能接宾语再加上宾语补足语，但它可以接不定式作宾语，如：I hope to be a scientist.而wish却可以接宾语加宾语补足语，如：I wish you to be a good student.

［误］ I don't hope you will go to the park tomorrow.?

［正］ I hope you won't go to the park tomorrow.?

［析］ hope 和think在否定句中的用法不同，如"我认为你错了"。应译为：I don't think you are right.即否定在前。而hope则不能这样用。又如在答语中"我不这样认为"应译为I don't think so.或I hope not. ?

［误］ I hope your help.?

［正］ I hope for your help.?

［析］ hope for为"期望某事发生"，虽然hope是及物动词，但表达期望某事情发生要用"hope for+名词"这一结构。?

［误］ I was hopeful to pass the exam.?

［正］ I was hopeful of passing the exam.?

［析］ 对某事存有希望应用"hopeful of (about)+介词宾语"这一结构。?

hospital ?

［误］ My mother was in the hospital for two weeks.?

［正］ My mother was in hospital for two weeks.?

［析］ in hospital为"住院就医"。而in (at) the hospital 为"在医院(工作)"。如：He is a doctor in (at) the hospital.类似的用法还有很多，如："上学"为go to school，at school为"在校就读"，go to bed为"上床睡觉"。?

how ?

［误］ I want to know how to do.?

［正］ I want to know how to do it.?

［析］ how 是关联副词，要注意与关联代词的不同用法。如：I want to know what to do.

［误］ How do you think about it??

［正］ What do you think about it??

［析］ 英文中表达你对某事的看法如何应用What do you think about…这一句式。?

hurry ?

［误］ Let's hurry. There is a little time left.?

［正］ Let's hurry. There is little time left.?

［误］ Don't worry. There is little time left.?

［正］ Don't worry. There is a little time left.?

［析］ 请注意英语中的惯用法："快点吧，没时间了"，或"别着急还有一点时间。"?

［误］ The car is hurrying through the street.?

［正］ The car is rushing throught the street.?

［析］ hurry一词只用于人而不用于物体。?

hundred ?

［误］ There are two hundreds people here.?

［正］ There are two hundred people here.?

［误］ There are hundred of people here.?

［正］ There are hundreds of people here.?

［析］ hundred一词前如有数字时不论多少其后都不加?s，这和thousand(千)等数量词的用法一样，而hundreds of是数百的，这一词组一定要加?s.?

hurt ?

［误］ I don't want to wound her feelings.?

［正］ I don't want to hurt her feelings.?

［析］ wound是指战场上的刀枪伤(名词)，或用刀枪"伤害"、"打伤"(动词)。

if ?

［误］ If it will rain I won't go to school tomorrow.?

［正］ If it rains I won't go to school tomorrow.?

［析］ 由if引起的状语从句要用一般时表示将来。?

［误］ I want to know if he comes here tomorrow.?

［正］ I want to know if he will come here tomorrow.?

［析］ if所引起的如果是宾语从句则不能用一般现在时表示将来。?

［误］ I want to know if it will rain tomorrow he will come or not.?

［正］ I want to know if it rains tomorrow he will come or not.?

［析］ 这里的if从句是整个宾语从句的条件状语，所以，还应用一般时表示将来。?

ill ?

［误］ He spent many years looking after his ill father.?

［正］ He spent many years looking after his sick father.?

［析］ ill和sick都可以作表语，如： I'm ill (sick). 美国英语中常用sick， 而英国英语中两者都可用，但ill一般不作定语。?

in ?

［误］ In a cold morning, I went to school alone.?

［正］ On a cold morning, I went to school alone.?

［析］ 在in the morning或in the afternoon词组中，不论在这两个名词的前或后加任何修饰词，其介词in都要变为on.?

［误］ I will finish it after two days.?

［正］ I will finish it in two days.?

［析］ 中文中几天以后可以完成，或几天后来取，在译为英文时都不要用after，而要用in.如： He will be back in a few days.?

in into ?

作为副词应用in，而不能用into，如： Come in, please. 又若在句中不涉及到动词的位置，只是表达空间的位置时用in，如： The teacher in the office is my mother. 但在go, run, come, walk, dive等词后则要用into. 如： She dives into the river.?

instead ?

［误］ The boy stayed in bed all day instead to go to school.?

［正］ The boy stayed in bed all day instead of going to school.?

［析］ instead of其后要接动名词、名词或代词，而不能用不定式，如： I choose this book instead of that one.?

［误］ The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead of it.?

［正］ The beer here is not good, so I drink wine instead.?

［析］ instead是副词，而instead of是介词短语。如： If you are not free, you may come another day instead.?

interest ?

［误］ He has a great interest for physics.?

［正］ He has a great interest in physics.?

［误］ He has some interest in many companies.?

［正］ He has some interests in many companies.?

［析］ interest作为"兴趣"讲可用作不可数名词，但作为"利息"、"股份"讲时为可数名词。?

［误］ This is an interested book.?

［正］ This is an interesting book.?

［析］ 修饰物时应用interesting, 如，an interesting film，而讲某人对某事感兴趣时要用过去分词interested，如： I'm interested in this play. 但"他是一个十分有趣的人"。应译为He is an interesting man. 所以interesting是"令人感兴趣"之意，而interested则表示某人对某事物感兴趣，多用"be interested in something"这一句型。?

invent ?

［误］ -What grade are you in??-I'm in grade 1. ?