安徽省黄山市2009届高中毕业班第一次质量检测
语文试题
本试卷分第1卷(选择题30分)和第1I卷(非选择题120分)两部分，全卷满分1 50分’考试时间150分钟。
注意事项：
1答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上，认真核对条形码上的姓名、准考证号，并将条形码贴在答题卡的指定位置上；
2选择题答案使用2B铅笔填涂，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号；非选择题答案使用0．5毫米的黑色中性笔或碳素笔书写字体工整、笔迹清楚；
3请按照题号在备题的答题区域(黑色线框内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；保持卡面清洁、不折叠、不破损；做选择题时，考生按题目要求作答，并用2B铅笔在答题卡上把所选题目对应的题号涂
第Ⅰ卷(选择题，共30分)
西南师大附中2008―2009学年度下期期中考试
高一英语试题
（总分：150分 考试时间：120分钟）
第一卷（三部分 共115分）
第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案划在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1． 1.What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?
A. Husband and wife. B. Mother and son. C. Father and daughter.
2． 2.When did the man last see Mary?
A. This Friday. B. Today. C. Last Friday.
3． 3.When does the post office close?
A. At 5:20. B. At 5:45. C. At 4:55.
4． 4.How many students passed the college-entrance examination last year?
A. About 800. B. About 240. C. About 560.
5． 5.Where are the two speakers?
A. On a bus. B. On a train. C. On Bus No.21.
第二节（共12小题；每小题1.5分，满分18分）
请听下面4段对话或独白．每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你都有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍。
请听第6段材料，回答第6至8题。
6． 6.What is the man?
A. A doctor. B. A nurse. C. A worker.
7． 7.How many people work in the hospital?
A. 50. B. 60. C. 110.
8． 8.Which department does the man work in?
A. In the X-ray department. B. In the skin department. C. In the hospital office.
请听第7段材料，回答第9至11题．
9． 9.What is the woman’s problem?
A. She can’t visit the Great Wall tomorrow.
B. She can’t decide which place to visit.
C. She can’t think of a topic for her composition.
10． 10.What does the man advise the woman to do?
A. Take pictures. B. Visit the Great Wall. C. Write about her trip.
11． 11.Why does the man have to leave?
A. He wants to go on a trip.
B. He has to write his own composition.
C. He is not feeling well.
请听第8段材料，回答第12至14题．
12． 12.What happened to the man?
A. He was badly injured. B. He broke his leg. C. He had a small accident.
13． 13.What’s the season now?
A. Summer. B. Autumn. C. Winter.
14． 14.How is the man feeling now?
A. Bad. B. Fine. C. Worse.
请听第9段材料，回答第15至17题．
15． 15.Why does John make the call?
A. He hasn’t received the computers.
B. He wants to send the computer to Mary.
C. He wants to buy a new computer.
16． 16.What’s the phone number mentioned in the passage?
A. 563816. B. 653816. C. 563861.
17． 17.Who will the woman call at the ABC Company?
A. John. B. Mr. Peterson. C. Mary.
第三节（共3小题；每小题1.5分，满分4.5分）
请听下面一段独白．用所听到的独白中的词或数填空，每空限填一个词或一个数。填入的内容要写在答题卡相应的位置。在听本段独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。本段独白读两遍。
Chinese diet
Chinese diet contains a lot of fruit and vegetable.
It is
Western diet
People in the west take in too much fat and sugar and don’t get enough
19 . They eat too many cakes, soft drinks, sweets and so on. That’s why so many westerners are fat and have bad 20 .
第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节：单项填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
21． 21.We have every reason to believe that __________ 2008 Beijing Olympic Games were __________ great success.
A. /; a B. the; / C. the; a D. a; a
22． 22.As soon as the __________ candle was brought in the little room was __________ up.
A. lighting; lighted B. lighted; lit
C. lit; lighted D. lit; lit
23． 23.―What do you think we can do for our aged parents?
―You __________ do anything except to be with them and be yourself.
A. don’t have to B. oughtn’t to C. mustn’t D. can’t
24． 24.__________ I get into trouble, I’ll turn to my English teacher and she will do everything she can __________ me out.
A. For each time; help B. In each time; that helps
C. Each time; to help D. Each time which; helping
25． 25.Why are you so upset? It isn’t your problem __________.
A. on purpose B. in all C. on time D. after all
26． 26.Can you tell me the way you’ve thought of __________ the problem?
A. solving B. to solve C. solve D. solved
27． 27.If the dictionary is not yours, __________ can it be?
A. what else B. who else C. which else D. who else’s
28． 28.It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly __________ my friend.
A. turn out B. bring out C. call out D. pick out
29． 29.The number of people present at the meeting __________ than we had expected.
A. is much more B. are much more
C. is much larger D. are much larger
30． 30.The teacher made us understand the use we should __________ our limited time.
A. get of B. make of C. watch out D. look out
31． 31.It was really funny that I saw a __________ chicken running near the __________ factory.
A. three-leg; paper-made B. three-legged; paper-made
C. three-legs; paper-making D. three-legged; paper-making
32． 32__________ that he’ll come.
A. He’s possible B. That’s possible
C. There’s some possibility D. It’s possibly
33． 33.Although he didn’t know Beijing well, he made his way __________ to the Bird Nest.
A. easily enough B. easy enough
C. enough easy D. enough easily
34． 34.__________ to reach them on the phone, we sent an email instead.
A. Fail B. Failed C. To fail D. Having failed
35． 35.We had thought that his advice was unnecessary, but finally it __________ to be very useful.
A. proved B. proves C. was proved D. is proving
第二节 完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从36－55各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
The passengers on the bus watched sympathetically as the attractive young woman with the white cane made her way carefully up the steps. She 36 the driver, using her hands to feel the 37 of the seats, walked down and found the 38 which the driver had told her was empty. Then she settled in.
It had been a year since Susan,
34,
45 , Susan decided that she was ready to try the 46 on her own. Monday morning, she said goodbye and for the first time, they went their 47 ways.
On Friday morning, Susan took the
bus to work as usual. As she was 48 the bus, the driver said, “Girl, I
The driver answered, “You know,
every morning for the
Tears of gratitude poured down Susan’s cheeks.
36． A. thanked B. asked C. discovered D. paid
37． A. location B. shape C. size D. cost
38． A. ticket B. bus C. seat D. bag
39． A. according to B. instead of C. thanks to D. due to
40． A. anger B. darkness C. happiness D. light
41． A. asked B. encouraged C. taught D. praised
42． A. feelings B. sights C. senses D. abilities
43． A. how B. when C. where D. who
44． A. make out B. watch out C. find out D. work out
45． A. Finally B. Luckily C. However D. Besides
46． A. visit B. trip C. bus D. work
47． A. opposite B. separate C. difficult D. usual
48． A. getting on B. getting in C. getting off D. getting up
49． A. must B. may C. will D. do
50． A. idea B. opinion C. way D. thought
51． A. want B. mean C. say D. suggest
52． A. next B. old C. past D. following
53． A. by B. on C. with D. in
54． A. searching B. watching C. calling D. noticing
55． A. looks out B. takes up C. believes in D. makes sure
第三部分：阅读理解（共20小题；每小题2分，满分40分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
Many children act in TV shows. They work several hours every day, so they cannot go to a regular school. How do they get an education?
In
Children actors are required to attend
classes twenty hours each week.
TV children are usually good pupils, and
most of their teachers like this special kind of work. Their classes are held
in many interesting places. Sometimes the “classroom” is a
56． TV children have classes ________.
A. at a regular school B. wherever they are working
C. wherever the teacher likes D.
at the school in
57． What else does the teacher do besides teaching?
A. Making sure that the children don’t overwork.
B. Acting in some important shows.
C. Making sure that the children have enough rest and play.
D. Both A and C.
58． If they fail in the required subjects, TV children ________.
A. are allowed to study for another year
B. must go to a good school
C. must be taught from September to the middle of June
D. are not allowed to work in TV shows any longer
59． What is this talk mainly about?
A. The education of TV children.
B. Child actors in TV.
C. How good pupils become TV children.
D. A special kind of school in TV.
B
I had been working for a company in
I recently became friends with a young man who had just migrated(移民) to Australia. He was unskilled and was finding life difficult as he was unemployed.
The manager asked me to introduce someone to him who I thought could do the job just as well as I could to replace me, so I took this opportunity to arrange(安排) an interview for my new friend. However, in the end, he was not offered the job after the interview.
Afterwards, I asked the manager why my friend was turned down. The manager thought that his English was not good enough for the position, but I suggested that it would be in the interests of the company to give my friend a chance for I could train him. I believed that once given the time to learn, he could do the job. After a week’s instruction, he was employed and was happy with his position, which made it a win-win outcome for the company and for my friend.
I knew how the horrors of war had forced him to leave his homeland
and what price he had paid for doing so. I appreciate being able to live in
60． The reason why the manager was disappointed when the author left may be that ________.
A. they were close friends and he didn’t want him to leave
B. the author was an excellent worker for the company
C. his leaving might cause more workers to leave
D. the author had never asked for a pay rise
61． His new friend was refused at the interview because ________.
A. he was introduced by the writer who was about to leave the company
B. they were afraid he wouldn’t work there long
C. he was weak at English
D. he had just migrated from another country
62． How did the man get the job in the end?
A. He insisted that he could do the job well.
B. The author helped train him for the job.
C. The manager knew him better and had sympathy on him.
D. He showed his confidence and patience during the interview.
63． Which of the following statements might the author agree with?
A. People who live in other countries have difficulty getting good jobs.
B. If someone migrates to a foreign country, knowing English is important.
C. The appreciation from a person you’ve been kind to is the best gift you can get.
D. People should bear hardship and not give up when they can’t find a job.
C
Since I became a full-time freelancer(自由作家), I’ve found one of the hardest things to do is to get up early. Without the danger of being fired, there just hasn’t been a lot of motivation(动机) to get out of bed.
I’ve quickly learned that getting up is the key to success and, better yet: waking up early is really just a habit. You don’t need any skill to do it. You just need to wake up early repeatedly to condition your body to the habit.
The most important thing to keep in mind is that you must have strong reasons to get out of bed. Motivation is the only thing keeping us from lying in bed all day.
Writing down all the big, important things you’ll do the next day can give you an extra push in your goal to wake up early and quickly.
Don’t read in bed. Spending as little time as possible in bed will actually help your body realize that the bed is for sleeping, and not lying awake for hours. The goal is to fall asleep within 10 minutes after getting into bed.
Stress is one of the main causes of poor sleep. Relax yourself before getting into bed. Try controlled breathing exercises or yoga(瑜珈) to lower your stress level.
These are just a few ways you can use to improve your ability to wake up earlier. Finding the best way is most important, and needs a little work. The key thing to remember is that waking up should be a pleasant experience. If you can make waking up something you look forward to, you’re already halfway on your journey to becoming an early riser.
64． What do we know about the author?
A. He has a full-time job outside. B. He likes lying in bed all day.
C. He was once fired by a company. D. He has difficulty getting up early.
65． What does the underlined part “condition your body to the habit” mean?
A. Make your body get used to getting up early.
B. Make sure that your body is in good condition.
C. Deal with your body using special skills.
D. Keep your body comfortable in all beds.
66． The author gives us some tips to ________.
A. help us find the key to success
B. help us become an early riser
C. helps us fall asleep within 10 minutes
D. help us relax after a day’s hard work
67． Which of the following is NOT true about doing yoga according to the passage?
A. It is a good way to reduce stress.
B. It can help you sleep.
C. It can make you worried.
D. It can improve your ability to wake up earlier.
D
College is an investment(投资) for a lifetime ? the gift of a college education can open the door to a world of opportunity for your child or grandchild. Saving, even a little at a time, can make a big difference down the road.
With the cost of a college education continuing to increase, the key is to start saving early and regularly(规律地). By saving a set amount at set times, your money can grow as your child does. And before you know it, you’ll be just as ready for college as they are. According to the College Board, the average cost for four-year public colleges has increased nearly 51% over the last 10 years, and these costs will almost certainly continue to rise. Saving for college can help with the increasing cost of a college education and help you be well prepared when your children are ready for college.
Saving for your child’s college education is an investment in their future. The savings you make today pay off in increased earnings in the future. According to the US Census Bureau(人口调查局), college graduates earn an average of $ 1 million more than high school graduates during their careers. The value of your investment in a college education will continue to grow for a lifetime.
Set your college savings goals realistically(现实地). You may not be able to save enough for all four years of tuition, room and board, and other expenses ? but you could save enough to give your child the right start.
More and more families depend on student loans(贷款) to pay for college. By saving for college, families can depend on loans less and help their children leave college without debt.
68． From the second paragraph we can learn that __________.
A. the College Board increased the public college costs
B. public college costs will increase by 51% in the next ten years
C. it’s not too late to save when your child is ready for college
D. saving can help deal with the rising cost of education
69． Which of the following is TRUE about saving for college?
A. You should help children get scholarships more easily.
B. It’s better to increase the savings as the child grows.
C. It’s better to save early and regularly.
D. You should set further and bigger savings goals.
70． Who are the expected readers of the passage?
A. Parents. B. High school students.
C. Educators. D. Bankers.
71． Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. How to Save Children’s College Costs
B. How to Make a Good Investment
C. Why Save for Children’s College Costs
D. How Much a
E
It was two years ago in winter when I went with my family to Engadine, a suburb(城郊) in southern Switzerland. It is protected by high mountains on all sides and is famous for its sunny climate, beautiful scenery and outdoor activities. The journey by car was pleasant until it began to snow.
The weather quickly turned very bad and soon we found ourselves in a snowstorm. It was terrible; the snow turned to ice and the windows were covered with ice even though the heating was set the highest. Several times I had to get out of the car in order to clear ice from the windshield(挡风玻璃).
Thankfully, the way down to Sylvaplana was less stressful and we knew that we would arrive in paradise(天堂). It kept on snowing during the first day of our holiday. Not being used to this kind of weather, we found it simply magical to watch the snow falling down on the mountains.
The following day, the snow stopped. While skiing in this large and amazing area, which was made up of frozen lakes and rivers. It was a ski paradise. And we discovered a small house without hosts next to a set of cross-country ski tracks, close to farm. There was a fridge in this heated wooden house that contained milk and cheese for self-service. There was a list of prices for each item. You took what you wanted, wrote down the total of what you had taken on a piece of paper, put money into an open box and took the change you needed.
Where else could you find such trust? As I’ve already told you,
72． From the passage we can know that the author __________.
A. often goes skiing with his family
B. didn’t expect a snowstorm
C. was fond of skiing most
D. felt everything went smoothly
73． What can we infer from the third paragraph?
A. The author comes from a place where it doesn’t snow very much.
B. The author felt relaxed long before they were anywhere near Sylvaplana.
C. It often snows heavily in the mountainous area of paradise.
D. It stopped snowing as soon as the holiday began.
74． Which of the following statements is NOT true about the wooden house?
A. It is not far from a set of cross-country ski tracks.
B. You will be served by the host in person there.
C. It makes visitors feel comfortable and trusted.
D. You can get something to eat and drink there.
75． The author considers
①the snowfall there is magical
②you can find great trust there
③car windows are covered with ice there
④it is a good place for skiing
A. ①②③ B. ②③④ C. ①③④ D. ①②④
西南师大附中2008―2009学年度下期期中考试
高一英语试题
听力：
18．________________ 19．________________ 20________________
第二卷（共35分）
第四部分：写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节：短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
对标有题号的每一行作出判断，每行只有一个错误，按下列情况改正：
此行多一个词：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉，在该行右边横线上写出该词，并也用斜线划掉。
此行缺一个词：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。
此行错一个词：在错的词下划一横线，在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。
Last summer I go to American and studied at a language 76．____________
school. I had many wonderful experience, but I also 77．____________
had a sad one. One day, the school held party, where 78．____________
I invited to talk about
things about
clearly. I felt sadly. I learnt a lesson from this experience. I 81．____________
have already studied English for eight years, I can’t use it 82．____________
very good. I must work hard to improve my spoken English 83．____________
so that I will not be able to communicate freely with foreigners. 84．____________
I hope I can be a bridge between China and others countries 85．____________
in the future.
第二节：书面表达（满分25分）
假如你是李华，请你写一封100词左右的邀请信，邀请你的外国朋友John到你家过春节。要点如下：
1． 非常荣幸能邀请John到你家过春节；
2． 春节是中国最重要的传统节日，一般在农历一月进行。（农历lunar）
3． 春节前人们要大扫除，给孩子们买新衣，是家人团聚、人们相互表达美好祝愿的日子；
4． 在中国过春节可以帮助John加深对中国传统文化的了解；
5． 希望John能提前到你家里，以避开交通高峰期。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
（命题人：郁珍德 审题人：胡 笳）
西南师大附中2008―2009学年度下期期中考试
本西南师大附中2008―2009学年度下期期中考试
高一物理试题
（满分：150分 时间：120分钟）
1． 1.一外力对一物体做功，使其动能变为原来的9倍，则其动量的大小变为原来的（ ）
A．2倍 B．2
倍 C．4倍 D．3倍
2． 2.一质量为m的物体从倾角为30o、长为L的光滑斜面顶端由静止开始下滑，到底端时的速度大小为v，在这个过程中，重力所做的功为（ ）
A．
B．
C．
D．
3．
3.质量为
A．
4． 4.如图，a、b、c是在地球大气层外同一平面内圆形轨道上运动的三颗卫星，则（ ）
A．b、c所受向心力一定相等
B．b、c的周期相等，且大于a的周期
C．b、c的向心加速度大小相等，且大于a的向心加速度
D．b、c的线速度大小相等，且大于a的线速度
5． 5.如图所示，位于光滑水平桌面上的小滑块P和Q都可视作质点，质量相等。Q与轻质弹簧相连。设Q静止，P以一定初速度向Q运动并与弹簧发生碰撞。在整个过程中，弹簧具有的最大弹性势能等于（ ）
A．P的初动能 B．P的初动能的
C．P的初动能的
D．P的初动能的
6．
6.如图，一质量为M的物块静止在桌面边缘。一质量为m的子弹以水平速度v0射入物块后，以水平速度v0/2 射出。则子弹对物块冲量I的大小为（
）
A．
B．
C．
D．
7． 7.宇航员在月球上做自由落体实验，将某物体由距月球表面高h处释放，经时间t后落到月球表面（设月球半径为R）．据上述信息推断，飞船在月球表面附近绕月球做匀速圆周运动所必须具有的速率为（ ）
A．
B．
C．
D．
8． 8.如图所示，A、B两个木块间用轻弹簧相连，放在光滑水平面上，A紧靠竖直墙．一颗子弹沿水平方向以很大的速度射入木块B后留在其中，由子弹、弹簧和A、B两木块组成的系统，在下列依次进行的四个过程中，动量不守恒但机械能守恒的是（ ）
A．子弹进入木块B的过程
B．木块B带着子弹向左运动，直到弹簧压缩量达最大的过程
C．弹簧推着带有子弹的木块B向右移动，直到弹簧恢复原长的过程
D．弹簧恢复原长时，木块B因惯性继续向右移动，直到弹簧伸长量达最大的过程
9．
9.右图是在光滑水平面上沿同一条直线运动的两个滑块a、b在发生碰撞前后的位移图象．下列说法中正确的是（
）
A．a、b的质量之比为1∶4
B．a、b的质量之比为1∶8
C．碰撞前a的动量较大
D．碰撞过程中a的动能增大，b的动能减小
10．
10.如图，质量为M、长度为l的小车静止在光滑的水平面上．质量为m的小物块（可视为质点）放在小车的最左端．现在一水平恒力F作用在小物块上，使小物块从静止开始做匀加速直线运动，小物块和小车之间的摩擦力为f．经过时间t，小车运动的位移为s，小物块刚好滑到小车的最右端，则（ ）
A．此时小物块的动量为F t
B．此时小物块的动能为( F－f ) ( s + l )
C．这一过程中，小物块和小车产生的内能为f l
D．这一过程中，小物块和小车增加的机械能为Fs
11． 11.某行星绕太阳的运动可近似看作匀速圆周运动，已知行星运动的轨道半径为R，周期为T，万有引力常量为G，则该行星的线速度大小为_________，太阳的质量可表示为_________。
12．
13．
12.鱼雷快艇的质量为M（不包含鱼雷的质量），带着一颗质量为m的鱼雷以速度v匀速前进．当快艇沿前进方向把鱼雷发射出后，快艇的运动方向不变，速度大小变为
，则鱼雷相对于地的发射速度为___________（不计水的阻力）．
14．
15．
13.质量为M = 500t的机车以恒定功率从静止开始运动，经时间t = 5 min，在水平轨道上行驶了s =
西南师大附中2008―2009学年度下期期中考试
高一化学试题
（总分：150分 考试时间：120分钟）
注意事项：
1．答卷前考生务必将自己的班级、姓名、学号和考试科目用钢笔、2B铅笔分别填在机读卡和第II卷密封线内。
2．第I卷每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把机读卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答案，不能答在试题卷上。
3．第II卷用钢笔或圆珠笔直接答在答题卷上。
4．考试结束，将机读卡和答题卷上交（第I、II卷自己保留好，以备评讲）
元素相对原子质量：H
第I卷 选择题（共72分）
本西南师大附中2008―2009学年度下期期中考试
高一物理试题
（满分：150分 时间：120分钟）
1． 1.一外力对一物体做功，使其动能变为原来的9倍，则其动量的大小变为原来的（ ）
A．2倍 B．2
倍 C．4倍 D．3倍
2． 2.一质量为m的物体从倾角为30o、长为L的光滑斜面顶端由静止开始下滑，到底端时的速度大小为v，在这个过程中，重力所做的功为（ ）
A．
B．
C．
D．
3．
3.质量为
A．
4． 4.如图，a、b、c是在地球大气层外同一平面内圆形轨道上运动的三颗卫星，则（ ）
A．b、c所受向心力一定相等
B．b、c的周期相等，且大于a的周期
C．b、c的向心加速度大小相等，且大于a的向心加速度
D．b、c的线速度大小相等，且大于a的线速度
5． 5.如图所示，位于光滑水平桌面上的小滑块P和Q都可视作质点，质量相等。Q与轻质弹簧相连。设Q静止，P以一定初速度向Q运动并与弹簧发生碰撞。在整个过程中，弹簧具有的最大弹性势能等于（ ）
A．P的初动能 B．P的初动能的
C．P的初动能的
D．P的初动能的
6．
6.如图，一质量为M的物块静止在桌面边缘。一质量为m的子弹以水平速度v0射入物块后，以水平速度v0/2 射出。则子弹对物块冲量I的大小为（
）
A．
B．
C．
D．
7． 7.宇航员在月球上做自由落体实验，将某物体由距月球表面高h处释放，经时间t后落到月球表面（设月球半径为R）．据上述信息推断，飞船在月球表面附近绕月球做匀速圆周运动所必须具有的速率为（ ）
A．
B．
C．
D．
8． 8.如图所示，A、B两个木块间用轻弹簧相连，放在光滑水平面上，A紧靠竖直墙．一颗子弹沿水平方向以很大的速度射入木块B后留在其中，由子弹、弹簧和A、B两木块组成的系统，在下列依次进行的四个过程中，动量不守恒但机械能守恒的是（ ）
A．子弹进入木块B的过程
B．木块B带着子弹向左运动，直到弹簧压缩量达最大的过程
C．弹簧推着带有子弹的木块B向右移动，直到弹簧恢复原长的过程
D．弹簧恢复原长时，木块B因惯性继续向右移动，直到弹簧伸长量达最大的过程
9．
9.右图是在光滑水平面上沿同一条直线运动的两个滑块a、b在发生碰撞前后的位移图象．下列说法中正确的是（
）
A．a、b的质量之比为1∶4
B．a、b的质量之比为1∶8
C．碰撞前a的动量较大
D．碰撞过程中a的动能增大，b的动能减小
10．
10.如图，质量为M、长度为l的小车静止在光滑的水平面上．质量为m的小物块（可视为质点）放在小车的最左端．现在一水平恒力F作用在小物块上，使小物块从静止开始做匀加速直线运动，小物块和小车之间的摩擦力为f．经过时间t，小车运动的位移为s，小物块刚好滑到小车的最右端，则（ ）
A．此时小物块的动量为F t
B．此时小物块的动能为( F－f ) ( s + l )
C．这一过程中，小物块和小车产生的内能为f l
D．这一过程中，小物块和小车增加的机械能为Fs
11． 11.某行星绕太阳的运动可近似看作匀速圆周运动，已知行星运动的轨道半径为R，周期为T，万有引力常量为G，则该行星的线速度大小为_________，太阳的质量可表示为_________。
12．
13．
12.鱼雷快艇的质量为M（不包含鱼雷的质量），带着一颗质量为m的鱼雷以速度v匀速前进．当快艇沿前进方向把鱼雷发射出后，快艇的运动方向不变，速度大小变为
，则鱼雷相对于地的发射速度为___________（不计水的阻力）．
14．
15．
13.质量为M = 500t的机车以恒定功率从静止开始运动，经时间t = 5 min，在水平轨道上行驶了s =
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