2009年高考阅读理解分析指导（二）
考点二 事实细节题
这类题型主要测试考生对文章内容是否真正看懂，并且理解得非常精确和全面。常见的提问方式主要有：
1. According to the passage, who / what / which / when / where / why / how many / how much / how long / how soon / how often …?
2. Which of the following statements is true / NOT true?
3. Which of the following is mentioned / NOT mentioned?
4. All of the following are true EXCEPT ______.
5. Which of the following is the correct order of the events that happened to …?
下面我们来看看细节理解题的常考类型：
1. 描述性细节
这类细节往往用来传递某种情绪与感情或某种印象，往往从口气即可推理判断出答案。如：
When you say disco music is joyful, I snuggle up and listen. You may say I am falling behind, but I try and improve myself.
I know my own mind. You may like this music, you may like playing, you may like steamed bread, you may like cheese and butter―whatever you like or dislike, you are my sons and daughters. Society is changing and changeable: values, morals, national customs, all are changing and at full speed ahead. If you are not mentally prepared for all the changes, then there will come upon you more things which you frown (皱眉) up or do not understand. There are plenty of them to puzzle you, to keep you sleepless, to worry you till your hair goes white.
Whatever you may say, the world belongs to the youth. And of course it also belongs to old men and women who have youthful hearts.
Q: From the passage we can draw a conclusion that ________.
A. the writer is strongly against what she dislikes
B. it is not too difficult for the writer to understand young people
C. the writer loves and supports young people
D. the writer is afraid of criticizing young people
[分析]答案为B。从文中第一段的描叙“当你说迪斯科音乐美妙时，我凑近去听。你也许说我已落伍，但我在尽力改变自己”以及最后一段“不管怎么说世界属于年轻人，自然也属于那些心理年轻的老人”这些细节可以看出，作者已不再年轻，但并不保守。因此可以说作者非常明白事理而且理解年轻人。
2. 事实性细节
即叙述某事时使用的事实和数据。此类题只需简单的推断就能找到答案。如：
Wall
Street is a famous street in
The
street was built in the 1600s.
Q:
A. a
wall B. a street C. a city
in Holland
D. a city in
[分析]从文中我们可以得出以下事实：① Wall Street是纽约市的一条街，是17世纪来自欧洲的荷兰人建设的；②此街是由过去这条街的一堵木墙得名。答案是D。
3. 比较性细节
通过比较或对比性细节往往可以看出同类事物的不同之处或者不同事物的共同之处,由此推断出答案。如：
Like all snakes, the garter swallows the whole creatures it uses for food. However, unlike most other common snakes, the garter bears its young alive.
Q: What is TRUE about the garter snake?
A. It eats all the creatures. B. It frightens people.
C. It doesn’t lay eggs. D. It lays eggs.
[分析] A不正确，因为文中“swallows the whole creatures…”意为“把活物整个吞下、吃掉”；无毒小蛇，可能不使人恐惧，因而B不可选；根据“它不像一般的蛇，它不是卵生，而是直接生(bear)小蛇”可以判断，一般蛇产卵，而它却不产卵，所以选C。
考题举例：
I arrived at my mother’s home for
our Monday family dinner. The smells of food flew over from the kitchen. Mother
was pulling out quilt (被子)
after quilt from the boxes, proudly showing me their beauties. She was
preparing for a quilt show at the
“What is this?” I asked.
“Oh?” Mom said, “That’s Mama’s quilt.”
I spread the quilt. It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together: irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.
“Grandmother made this?” I said, surprised. My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made.
“Yes, right before she died. I brought it home with me last year and made some changes,” she said. “I’m still working on it. See, this is what I’ve done so far.”
... (2008 重庆卷 A篇)
56. Why did the author go to her mother’s home?
A. To see her mother’s quilts. B. To help prepare for a show.
C. To get together for the family dinner. D. To discuss her grandmother’s life.
57. The author was surprised because ______.
A. the quilt looked very strange B. her grandmother liked the quilt
C. the quilt was the best she had seen D. her mother had made some changes
[分析] 第56题答案为C。这是一道事实细节题。根据文章第一句话“I arrived at my mother’s home for our Monday family dinner. ”就可以得出答案。第57题答案为A。这也是一道事实细节题。此题稍难，必须通过surprised的上下文的具体细节才能得出正确答案。应根据上文“It looked as if a group of school children had pieced it together: irregular designs, childish pictures, a crooked line on the right.”和下文“My grandmother was a master at making quilts. This certainly didn’t look like any of the quilts she had made. ”这些重点细节来分析判断，才能得出结论“the quilt looked very strange”。
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