2006年徐州市高三第三次调研考试
地 理
第一卷(选择题共70分)
注意事项：
1．作答第一卷前，请考生务必将自己的姓名、考试证号用书写黑色字迹的0．5毫米的签字笔填写在答题卡上。
2．第一卷答案必须用2B铅笔填涂在答题卡上，在其他位置作答一律无效。每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案。
读我国江南丘陵某地区等高线地形图(图3)，判断7～10题。
7．当该地区普降暴雨时，水位上涨最猛的是：A
A．①河段 B．②河 C．③河 D．④湖
8．湖泊④对图中河流干流起天然调节作用的是：A
A．①河 B．②河段 C．①②河段 D．①②③河
9．图中虚线是居民点a和b，b和d之间公路选线方案，其中合理的是：D
A．e和g B．e和h C．f和g D．f和h
10．沿着图示箭头方向，该地区发展立体农业，布局合理的是：B
A．棉花――苹果――毛竹――冷杉 B．水稻――柑橘――茶叶――马尾松
C．甘蔗――小麦――橡胶――红松 D．春小麦――葡萄――草地――红松
读“最近100年来海平面的变化图”(图4)，判断18～19题。
18．根据图中“海平面上升曲线”，近100年来世界气温：B
A．呈直线上升趋势 B．出现明显的波动上升现象
C．变化不大 D．总体上有下降趋势
19．下列人类的做法中，对缓解图示所反映的环境问题最有效的是：D
A．积极研制新型的制冷系统，以减少并逐步禁止氟氯烃等物质的排放
B．发展洁净煤技术，研究煤炭中硫资源的综合开发与利用
C．沿海国家修建沿海大堤，防止沿海地区被淹
D．加强国际间合作，提高能源利用技术和能源利用效率，采用新能源，减少二氧化碳气体 的排放量
图5为“地球大气的垂直分层图(部分)”，判断20～22题。
20．①、②、③、④四条曲线中，正确表示图示大气层气温垂直分布情况的是：A
A．①
B．②
C．③
D．④
21．该大气层气温的垂直变化：AC
A．基本不受地面的影响 B．主要与二氧化碳气体有关
C．主要与臭氧气体有关 D．主要与人类活动有关
22．有关图示大气层的正确叙述有：BD
A．有若干电离层，对无线电通信有重要作用 B．有利于高空飞行
C．上部冷下部热，大气稳定，以平流运动为主 D．顶部与底部的温差约为
31．读我国三大自然区划分示意图(图9)，完成下列要求(16分)。
⑴用实线画出我国三个经济地带的分界线。位于东部和中部经济地带分界线附近的山脉有 和 等。
⑵形成A、C两大自然区内部差异的主要原因分别是：A ，C 。
⑶就三大自然区而言，GDP总量最少的是 区，增长最快的是 区。试从自然方面分析这两个自然区经济发展水平差异巨大的原因：
31.(1)画图略 太行山 武夷山(或南岭)
(2)水分差异(或距海远近) 热量差异(或纬度差异)
(3)B C
B为青藏高原地区，平均海拔
33．读我国甲、乙两地形区示意图(图11)，完成下列要求(14分)。
⑴将下面各区域地理特征的数码代号填入下表相应空格内(共4分，每错一个扣1分)。
①外流河 ②内流河 ③放射状水系 ④辐合状水系 ⑤冰川融水补给 ⑥雨水补给
地形区
甲
乙
地理特征
⑵两地区差异显著，国土整治的重点也不同。目前，甲地区国土整治的重点是 ；乙地山地丘陵地区国土整治的首要任务是_____________________。
⑶从各区域的有利因素出发，分析两地区分别形成我国重要的优质棉花生产和天然橡胶生产基地的原因。
⑷两地区旅游资源都很丰富，但旅游资源的类型差异很大。你觉得它们各应发展哪些特色旅游?(各举两例以上，合理即可)
33.(1)甲――②④⑤，乙――①③⑥
(2)荒漠化的防治 恢复和保护热带森林植被
(3)甲地区夏季高温，光照强，有丰富的灌溉水源，土层深厚，利于长绒棉生长；乙地区夏长冬暖，降水丰富，土壤发育，适宜橡胶生长
(4)甲地区：沙漠探险游、山地放牧游(或坎儿井观光游、登山游、滑雪游、少数民族风情游等)；乙地区：海洋生态游、热带雨林考察游(或热带高效农业游、少数民族风情游等)
34．读图12，分析回答下列问题(12分)。
⑴图中甲一乙和甲一丙是两锋面，其中甲一乙为 (冷锋或暖锋)。图中①、②、③、④四地，最有可能出现降水现象的是
地和 地。
⑵此时，丁地为 天气，其原因是 。
⑶此时，②地盛行 风，⑧地盛行 风。
⑷比较图示区域西北部和东南部风力大小并说明理由。
⑸未来数日内，④地可能会发生的气象灾害有 、 （举两例）
34．(1)暖锋 ① ③
(2)晴朗 丁地受高压脊控制，盛行下沉气流，空气中的水汽不易凝云致雨
(3)偏南 偏北(西北)
(4)图中西北地区风力比东南地区大，因为西北地区等压线比东南地区等压线密集，水平气压梯度力大，故风力强
(5)寒潮，沙尘暴(或风沙、暴风雪等任两点。)
35．图13为沿23．50N的地球局部剖面示意图，分析回答下列问题(12分)。
⑴①、②、③三地中，昼夜温差最小的是 地，最大的是 地。
⑵白天，③地天空呈现 色，其原因是 。
⑶如果图中a、b为近地面等压面，则气压值较大的是 ；此时，③地盛行 风。
⑷比较图中②、③两地年降水量大小并说明理由。
35．(1)① ③
(2)蔚蓝色 ③地天气晴朗；白天太阳可见光中波长较短的蓝色光最容易被空气分子散射，使高空呈蔚蓝色
(3)b 东南
(4)②地年降水量比⑧地大。②地位于副热带大陆东岸，受夏季风、台风及暖流影响，降水较多，⑧地位于副热带大陆西岸，终年受副热带高压或信风带控制，并受寒流影响，干旱少雨。
36．图14是局部区域经纬网及太阳高度等值线(A和B)示意图，读图回答下列问题(14分)。
⑴图示时刻，太阳直射点M的地理坐标为：
经度 ，纬度 。
⑵该日正午太阳高度随纬度变化规律
；地球上有极夜现象的范围是
。
⑶图中，等值线B的数值应为 。
⑷有关经线X度数的叙述正确的是 ( )
A．等于1100E B．等于1300E C．小于1300E D．大于1300E
⑸图15表示该日某中学操场上旗杆(旗杆立于O点)杆影端点移动的轨迹和方向，其中正确的是( )
36． (1)1200E 200N (2)从200N向南北递减 700S及其以南地区
(3)800 (4)D (5)A
第一节 能量的相互转化
一、教学目标
1．能列举能的多种形式。
2．了解不同形式的能量之间可以相互转化。
二、教具
手电筒、课件
三、教学方法
讨论和合作学习
四、教学过程
（一） 展示人造卫星
问1：你知道这是什么吗？
生：人造卫星。
问2：你对人造卫星了解多少？请哪位同学来说一说？
生：……
总结补充：1970年4月，中国成功发射了第一颗人造卫星――东方红一号，标志着中国进入了太空时代，并成为当时世界上第五个能研制和发射人造卫星的国家。据知，中国至今共发射约五十颗不同类型的人造卫星，现在在轨飞行工作的卫星约十颗。 2003年10月15日，“神舟五号”载人飞船发射成功标志载人航天工程取得历史性重大突破。
书本82页讨论1：如图3-2所示，人造卫星在太空中工作所需的电能来自哪里？
答：上世纪50年代，第一个实用性的硅太阳电池在美国贝尔研究所试制成功，不久就被首次应用于美国“先锋1号”人造卫星的发电系统上。随着人类探索宇宙步伐的加快，太阳电池的开发也得到了极大地促进。迄今为止，太空中成千上万的飞行器上几乎都装备了太阳电池发电系统。 问4：火箭推动人造卫星升空的过程中具有什么能？这些能是什么能转化而来的？
生：火箭推动人造卫星升空的过程中动能和重力势能（即具有机械能）。燃料通过燃烧把化学能转化为热能，热能再转化为机械能。
（二）师生一起看书本图3-1、图3-3、图3-4，讨论这些事例中能量的相互转化
图3-1中积雪的势能转化为动能。
图3-3中热能转化为动能
图3-4青蛙消耗了储存在体内的化学能，这些能来自呼吸作用：有机物+氧气 → 二氧化碳+水+能量；这些能在青蛙跃起时转化为机械能了。
他消耗的能量可以通过什么来补充？通过食物，可见食物当中也储存着能量，储存在食物中的能称为化学能。
补充问题：动物和植物生命活动所需的能量分别由什么能转化而来？
答：动物来自于食物，是食物中的化学能转移为动物的化学能；植物能进行光合作用制造营养物质，能量来自太阳，是太阳能转化为植物体内的生物质能：二氧化碳+水→有机物+氧气
分析：手电筒发光实验中能量的变化；电风扇工作时能量的转化。
手电筒发光实验中，干电池的化学能转化为电能，电能又通过小灯泡转化为热能和光能；
电风扇工作时电能转化为机械能和热能。电能=机械能+热能。究竟有多少电能转化为多少机械能和多少热能呢？我们将在后面几节中解决这一问题。
总结：大量的事实表明，自然界中各种形式的能量都不是孤立的，不同形式的能量会发生相互转化，能量也会在不同的物体间相互转移。
所谓“消耗能量”、“利用能量”或者“获得能量”，实质上就是能量相互转化或转移的过程。
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不同形式能之间
同种形式能从一个物体转移到另一个物体
（三）让学生进一步对图3-5进行讨论。
胶片感光：光能转化为化学能
特技跳伞：势能转化为动能。
比较：同一个人从1米高处跳下和从20米高处跳下的结果为何不同？
一个小石块和一个大石块都从1米高处落下分别落到你的左脚和右脚上，后果有什么不同，为什么不同？
说明：势能的大小与物体的质量和所处的高度有关。质量一定，高度越高，势能越大；高度一定，质量越大，势能越大。E势=mgh。势能越大，转化为动能就越多，造成的伤害就越大。一辆汽车慢速行驶时和快速行驶撞车时造成的伤害不同正是由于它们具有不同的动能，速度越大造成的伤害越大。一辆小汽车和一辆大卡车以同样的速度行驶，撞车时造成的伤害不同也是由于它们具有不同的动能，质量越大动能越大。动能的大小与物体的质量和速度有关。E动=1/2mv2。
激光切割金属：光能转化为热能。
森林火灾：枯枝败叶呼吸作用产生热（化学能转化为热能），同时吸收太阳辐射热（太阳辐射热转移到枯枝败叶上），如果这些热能难以散发出去，温度会越来越高，达到着火点后便燃烧起来，此时化学能转化为热能。
植物生长需要阳光：二氧化碳+水→有机物+氧气，光能转化为化学能储存在植物体内。
简述小型水电站发电的能量变化。
小型水电站发电：（1）水流由高到低，势能转化为动能。（2）水流冲击转盘，带动电动机转动，水流的动能转移为转盘的动能。（3）发电机转动发电，动能转化为电能。
思考题：
书本84页思考题和85页练习题
84页思考题：化学能→热能 热能→化学能
85页练习1：汽车燃烧以化学能转化为车发动机的动能，同时有一部分化学能转化成汽缸等装置的内能，使温度升高。汽车蓄电池充电时电能转化成化学能，放电时化学能转化为电能。
85页练习2：煤（或其他燃料）释放的化学能→水蒸气的内能→蒸汽汽车的动能。
光 的 折 射
重点难点：
光的折射规律。
光从空气斜射入水中或其他介质中时，折射光线向法线方向偏折。
考点:
1．了解光的折射现象，能作光的折射的图示。
2．通过观察和实验了解光的折射特征。
名师精讲：
1． 了解光的折射现象，即从一种介质斜射入另一种介质时,传播方向发生折射。
2． 了解光从空气斜射入水中或其他介质中偏折规律。
3． 了解光在发生折射时，光路的可逆性。
4． 通过观察，认识折射现象。
5． 体验由折射引起的错觉。
中考典型：
1．光从空气斜射入水中折射角--------------------入射角；光从玻璃斜射入空气中，折射角--------------------入射角。（选填：大于、小于、等于）（广州市2000年高中阶段学校招生考试物理试卷）
2．图中所示，MN是两种均匀介质的分界面，已知两种介质其中一种是空气。一光线从A入射到B介质，则入射角大小等于--------------------，折射角大小等于--------------------，其中--------------------介质是空气。
M
3．在空碗里放一枚硬币，当碗内 A B
盛满水时，看上去碗底的硬币要比 N
实际的深度----------------- 些 （选填：
深、浅），这是由于光的-----------------的缘故。
（广州市2001年高中阶段学校招生考试物理试卷）
4．一光线有空气斜射如水中，入射角为300，在水面上同时产生入射和折射，此时折射光线与反射光线之间夹角的大小一定
A．小于300 B．大于300小于600
C．大于600小于1200 D．大于1200小于1500
（广州市2003年高中阶段学校招生考试物理试卷）
5．下列现象中属于光的折射现象的是
A． 人在湖边看到对岸的树木在水中的倒影
B．人在河边看到水底的石头
C．司机从后视镜看到汽车后面的景物
D．小孔成像0
（广州市2004年高中阶段学校招生考试物理试卷）
科目 英语
年级 高三
文件 high3 unit4.doc
标题 Feed the World
章节 第四单元
关键词 高三英语第四单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
本单元提出的是一个全世界都关注的问题：《全世界人的吃饭问题》。14-15两课是说明文。作者揭示了这样一个事实：世界人口不断增加，而耕地面积日益减少，世界每年要有十分之一的人中因饥饿而死亡。作者还指出了造成耕地面积减少的原因，并提出了改变这一现象的建议。
建议教师可选择有关录像片帮助学生深刻认识：保护耕地和控制人口过快增长的重要性；用问答和讨论的方法完成本单元的知识和能力目标。
【指点迷津】
本单元重点知识：
A)单词和词组：
*regret:
v. be sorry for the loss of; wish to have again; feel sorry for懊悔；抱歉；遗憾。后接不定式与-ing意思不同。接不定式意为“遗憾要去做……”
；接-ing已为“已做……而后悔”。
We deeply regretted his death.
I regret to say that I can’t help you. (比I am sorry to say that…较为正式的表达)
He regrets that he was rude to her.
他后悔对她不礼貌。
She regretted not having told you about it earlier.
她后悔没有早点告诉你这件事。
n. feeling of sadness at the loss of sth. or disappointment because sth. has or has not been done.懊悔；抱歉；遗憾。
I feel regret at her absence.
她没来，我感到很可惜。
We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
听到你的计划没有成功，我们感到遗憾。
I waste no time in useless regret.
*provide: v.to supply; to prepare for提供；供给、装备；
搭配为：provide sb. sth.; provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth.
We can provide ourselves.
我们现在可以自给自足了。
The mother provided them some thick clothes.
母亲为他们准备了一些厚衣服。
We must provide food for the trip.
我们必须准备旅途中的食品。
The Red Cross provides food and clothes for the sufferers.
红十字会向难民提供食品和衣服。
*increase: v.[in’kris] to become greater in size, number, value etc.增加；繁殖。
The population of this town has increased to 2000,000.
城镇的人中去年增加了二十万。
The population of this town increased by 10 percent last year.
这个城镇的人口去年增加到二十万。
There has been a big increase in road accidents.
近来交通事故有所增加。
注意：increase的n.名词读音与动词不同[‘ inkris]，它的反义词为decrease v.减少；缩减。
*now and again; occasionally; at times; now and then时而
On my way home from school, I called on Granny Li now and again.
在放学回家的路上，我时而去看望李奶奶。
*help oneself to… serve oneself with food(drink) etc. 衣随便吃（喝）
Please help yourself to some fish. It is fresh.
鱼很新鲜，请随便尝尝。
*day by day; as time goes by 逐日；一天一天地
Day by day she learnt more about her work.
她日益了解了自己的工作。
*look forward to(doing) sth. 欣然期待（去做）谋事。
The little girl was looking forward to seeing her uncle from America.
那个小姑娘正盼望着见到从美国来的叔叔。
*be suitable for; be right for a purpose适宜的；适当的；恰当的。
Do you think this present is suitable for a little boy?
你认为这个礼物对于孩子合适吗？
*be in debt: owe a lot of money 欠债
The old man was in heavily debt in order to buy seeds.
那位老人为了买种子身负重债。
*make sense: have an understandable meaning有意义；有道理；讲得通；
be sensible是明智的；是合情合理的。
What you say makes no sense.
你说的话没有道理。
It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
这件便宜的大衣也很好，何必也买那件贵的。
*earn one’s living: get money by working谋生； 挣钱生活
I start to earn my own living this very afternoon.
从今天下午开始，我自己挣钱养活自己了。
*for one thing: (used to introduce a reason for sth.用以引出谋事的理由 )一来
I’m afraid that I won’t be able to spend the weekend with you in Dalian. For one thing, I have no money and another I’m too busy.
恐怕我不能和你一起去大连度周末了，一来我没有钱，二来我太忙。
以上单词和词组可通过听对话录音，教师介绍过程中呈现，然后用问答讨论课文内容等方式再现以上单词和词组加深理解词义，掌握用法，紧后用句型转换或补全名子等方法巩固，开发运用。
B)本单元应掌握的重点文法知识：名词性从句
名词从句包括主语、表语、宾语和同位语从句。从总体上要注意两点：
连接主句与从句的连词有副词why, how, where, when, whether, if,它们在从句中充当状语成份，个有不同的词意，因此不能省略。代词who, whom, whose, what, which, 它们在从句中充当主语、定语、宾语，个有不同的词意，因此也不能省略。在联系中取舍哪一个词，本着缺什么成份，把它补齐，使句子在结构上与含意上完整就可以了。不同的连词，名子的意思也不同。例如：
Why/How/Where/When/Whether/Of what material the new house will be built hasn’t been decided yet.
为什么/怎样/在什么地方/什么时候/是否/用什么材料建这座房子还没有定下来。
【学法指要】
本单元语法难点：
1.掌握that在名词性从句中的用法。that在宾语从句中，不充当成份，也无词意，因此它可以省去；在主语、表语和同位语从句中，that虽然不充当成份，也无词意，但不能省略。
Today’s newspaper reports(that) sales of beef in China will increase.（宾语从句）
今天的报纸报道说，中国的牛肉销售量将会增加。
That land ownership in some countries is unfair is obvious.（主语从句）
在一些国家里，土地所有制的不公平是显而易见的。
The reason is that is has been raining for five days.（表语从句）
原因是已经下了五天的雨。
The reason that it has been raining for five days is why the crops has been flooded.
连续下了五天的雨，所以庄稼都泡在水里了。（同位语从句）
2.注意宾语从句中主句与从句谓语动词时态的呼应。
宾语从句中主句与从句谓语动词时态的呼应有三种情况：
A)主语谓语动词用现在和将来时态时，从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。
Tom says that his sister is(was, will be) a doctor.
B)主句谓语动词用过去时态时，从句谓语动词则根据语境用过去时间的各种时态。这规律意也适用于主语、表语和同位语从句。
He thought the boy was honest.
I told him his brother was coming(would come).
We didn’t know whether they had finished their work.
注意：当从句说的内容是一般真理或客观事实时，从句谓语动词仍用一般现在时。
The mother told her little daughter that the earth goes round the sum.
He told me that the train for Beijing leaves at 10:30.
Somebody told me that you are a teacher.
3.否定转移
当主句的动词是think, believe, suppose, expect时，从句的否定要前移。
I don’t think she is right.
【妙文赏析】
Many centuries ago, all people had gathered seeds and plants to eat. They did not know how to farm or raise animals for food. Because they used stone tools and weapons, we call them the Stone Age people. There are people who still live much like these Stone Age people lived. They live in places that are hard to reach. Because they have met few outsiders, they do not know about modern inventions. They have not traded ways of doing things with others. For 25,000 years, groups of people have lived alone in the middle of Australia. One of the groups is the Aruba tatribe. They do not know how to farm, nor do they raise animals. The Artuntas spend most of their time searching for food and water. The men hunt animals with stone---tipped spears. The women and children look for roots, seeds and nuts. Several Artunta families live together. They have no houses. At night, they sleep around fires.
【思维体操】
阅读下列广告，回答1-5问题。
WUHAN PLUMBING(水管) & HEATING
Since 1992
Plumbing and Heating Installation(安装)
LARGE OR SMALL
Free
ESTIMATE(估计)
24 Hours 7 Days Service
Payment Open
8267896
261 Dong Fang Road
Wuchang
1.What is written above is _______.
A. a notice B. an address
C. an advertisement D. a poster
2.What service is offered free by Wuhan P.& H.?
A. Installation B. Quality of houses
C. Estimates of costs D. Large or small repairs
3.For which of the following problems would one call Wuhan P.& H.?
A. A leak(漏) in the roof.
B. Gas leak in the refrigerator.
C. Something wrong with wall plugs.
D. A broken bathroom pipe leaking water all over the floor.
4.The person who calls Wuhan P.& H. may discuss _____.
A. A duties B. experience C. cost D. salary
5.Wuhan is in _____ Province.
A. Hubei B. Hebei C. Hunan D. Henan
答案：CCDCA
【心中有数】
本单元的语法重点是名词性从句，而名词性从句的考查在高考试卷单项选择一题中一般情况下占20%，即在20个小题中有一个小题。如：
1.─I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
─Is that _____ you had a few days off ?
A. why B. when C. what D. where (NMET99)
2.─It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; that
C. what; what D. that; what (上海99)
答案：1.A；2.A
分析：
句1：从题干和所给的4个选择中不难看出本题考查的是表语从句。“I drove to Zhuhai for the air show.”提出一个事实，而第二句表明“I”不在的原因。故答案为A.why。
句2：该句考查的是强调句和主语从句。该句强调的是句中的主语，而该句的主语又是一个从句。从这个结构中可以看出第二个空和“It was”构成强调句，故第二个空应该是that；第一个空和“he said”构成主语从句；在这个从句中“said”一词后缺少宾语，故答案为A.what;that。
【动脑动手】
同步训练
I.单词拼写：
1.A country is not likely to develop without industry and a____.
2.Zhou Enlai will always be remembered as a great p_____.
3.The dish is not salty. Do you mind pouring some s____ on it?
4.Greatly to my r_____ , I am unable to accept your kind invitation.
5.His death means a great l____ to science.
6.It is not _____(合适) to grow cash crops here.
7.We don’t care what _____(材料) they really want.
8.The problem was how they could ______(偿还) so much.
9.They had to _____(承认) what they had done was wrong.
10.Who has won the first place will not be _____(公布) until the game is over.
II.单项选择
A)同步训练
11.I can not help _____ of my childhood _____ I see the wound in my leg.
A. think, when B. thinking, whenever
C. to think, when D. thought, no matter when
12.At the party we _____ to some ice cream.
A. helped B. to help C. helping D. were helped
13.______ the orders or you will be punished.
A. Have B. Receive C. Obey D. Place
14.─Is this machine _____ order or _____ good order?
─It works very well
A. in; in B. out of; in
C. in; out of D. out of; out of
15.We are all looking _____ the day when our country will be highly developed.
A. at B. for C. up D. forward to
16.The city was almost destroyed completely by an earth quake many years ago.
A. damaged slightly B. torn C. ruined D. broken
17.The expedition _____ no loss of life and returned to their base on time.
A. made B. got C. gained D. suffered
18.If you want a plant to ____, you had better _____ it in the garden.
A. plant; plant B. grow; plant
C. plant; grow D. be grown; grow
19.Last year farmers could not have their wheat crops _____ because of the bad weather.
A. increasing B. decreased
C. increased D. decreasing
20.It didn’t take her long to work ____ that she would soon have no money left.
A. at B. on C. for D. out
B)语法训练
21.It is _____ that the experiment should be made under low temperature.
A. said B. reported C. told D. suggested
22.______ man first made use of electricity is not exactly known.
A. When B. Whether C. That D. What
23.______ this material will be used in the product has not been decided yet.
A. If B. That C. What D. Whether
24.______ we are saying is more than ______ we will do.
A. That; that B. What; what
C. As; as D. Whatever; that
25.Our doubt is _____ he can do the experiment alone.
A. that B. if C. whether D.what
26.The reason ______ he didn’t come to our party was _____ he took a missing boy back home on his way here.
A. why; because B. why; that
C. that; why D. that; that
27.Do you have no idea ______?
A. how fast light travels B. how fast does light travel
C. how soon light travels D. how rapid light travels
28.Do you have no doubt _____ he will succeed in finding a new job?
A. if B. whether C. that D. whether or not
29.I kept looking at the man, wondering _______.
A. whether had I had seen him before
B. where I had seen him before
C. that I had seen him before
D. when I had seen before
30.The teacher told the children that man _____ any life on the moon.
A. didn’t find B. could not find
C. doesn’t find D. hasn’t been able to find
III.完型填空
In the 17th century corn was grown a lot in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very 31 ;there was not enough 32 for the population. Farmers had to move 33 the hills, but they 34 rice there. They needed plant which didn’t need 35 water as rice. 36 they were able to grow the new corn.
Today, corn is found all over the world. It is a very useful plant that can be 37 in many different ways. People in the West often boil in 38 over an open fire. In many parts of the world corn 39 powder. The powder is then 40 water and other things, and made inot different kinds of food.
31.A. crowd
B. crowded
C. crowds
D. a crowd
32.A. rooms
B. places
C. room
D. place
33.A. into
B. in
C. to
D. on
34.A. hadn’t grown
B. didn’t grow
C. can’t raise
D. couldn’t grow
35.A. as many
B. as much
C. as much as
D. much as
36.A. Luckily
B. Unluckily
C. Fortunate
D. Unfortunately
37.A. cooking
B. to cook
C. prepared
D. done
38.A. all
B. whole
C. completely
D. each
39.A. makes into
B. be made to
C. be made from
D. is made into
40.A. mixed with
B. mixed to
C. mixing
D. to mix
IV.短文改错
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, while others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.______
42.______
43.______
44.______
45.______
46.______
47.______
48.______
49.______
50.______
【创新园地】
语言功能 从下列各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
1.─My daughter has passed the exam.
─Congratulations! She’s really intelligent.
─_______
A. No, no, she is intelligent.
B. Oh, thank you!
C. Sometimes she is intelligent.
D. You are right.
2.─You forgot to feed the cat again!
─________
A. I can’t remember.
B. I don’t mind feeding her again.
C. I’ll do it now.
D. Yes, I did. What about you!
3.─Mum, I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding!
─________
A. Let me see.
B. Don’t worry.
C. Be careful
D. Let me have a look
4.─What’s happened to my library book?
─________
A. I’ve no idea.
B. You borrowed them from the library.
C. You bought them yesterday.
D. They’re about long life.
5.─Where is Tom this morning?
─He’s got a cold.
─________
A. Just tell him to take it easy.
B. What’s the matter with him?
C. He’s absent.
D. What? Where is he?
答案：
1.agriculture; 2.politician; 3.sauce; 4.regret; 5.loss
6.suitable; 7.materials; 8.repay; 9.admit; 10.announced
11-15BDCBD 16-20CDCCD 21-25BADBC 26-30BACBD
31-35BCADB 36-40ACBDA
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with
air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, when others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.things
42.if
43.and
44.Ö
45.their
46.too
47.why
48.so
49.of
50.while
【创新园地答案】
1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A; 5.A
科目 英语
年级 高三
文件 high3 unit4.doc
标题 Feed the World
章节 第四单元
关键词 高三英语第四单元
内容
一、教法建议
【抛砖引玉】
本单元提出的是一个全世界都关注的问题：《全世界人的吃饭问题》。14-15两课是说明文。作者揭示了这样一个事实：世界人口不断增加，而耕地面积日益减少，世界每年要有十分之一的人中因饥饿而死亡。作者还指出了造成耕地面积减少的原因，并提出了改变这一现象的建议。
建议教师可选择有关录像片帮助学生深刻认识：保护耕地和控制人口过快增长的重要性；用问答和讨论的方法完成本单元的知识和能力目标。
【指点迷津】
本单元重点知识：
A)单词和词组：
*regret:
v. be sorry for the loss of; wish to have again; feel sorry for懊悔；抱歉；遗憾。后接不定式与-ing意思不同。接不定式意为“遗憾要去做……”
；接-ing已为“已做……而后悔”。
We deeply regretted his death.
I regret to say that I can’t help you. (比I am sorry to say that…较为正式的表达)
He regrets that he was rude to her.
他后悔对她不礼貌。
She regretted not having told you about it earlier.
她后悔没有早点告诉你这件事。
n. feeling of sadness at the loss of sth. or disappointment because sth. has or has not been done.懊悔；抱歉；遗憾。
I feel regret at her absence.
她没来，我感到很可惜。
We heard with regret that you were not successful in your plan.
听到你的计划没有成功，我们感到遗憾。
I waste no time in useless regret.
*provide: v.to supply; to prepare for提供；供给、装备；
搭配为：provide sb. sth.; provide sth. for sb. provide sb. with sth.
We can provide ourselves.
我们现在可以自给自足了。
The mother provided them some thick clothes.
母亲为他们准备了一些厚衣服。
We must provide food for the trip.
我们必须准备旅途中的食品。
The Red Cross provides food and clothes for the sufferers.
红十字会向难民提供食品和衣服。
*increase: v.[in’kris] to become greater in size, number, value etc.增加；繁殖。
The population of this town has increased to 2000,000.
城镇的人中去年增加了二十万。
The population of this town increased by 10 percent last year.
这个城镇的人口去年增加到二十万。
There has been a big increase in road accidents.
近来交通事故有所增加。
注意：increase的n.名词读音与动词不同[‘ inkris]，它的反义词为decrease v.减少；缩减。
*now and again; occasionally; at times; now and then时而
On my way home from school, I called on Granny Li now and again.
在放学回家的路上，我时而去看望李奶奶。
*help oneself to… serve oneself with food(drink) etc. 衣随便吃（喝）
Please help yourself to some fish. It is fresh.
鱼很新鲜，请随便尝尝。
*day by day; as time goes by 逐日；一天一天地
Day by day she learnt more about her work.
她日益了解了自己的工作。
*look forward to(doing) sth. 欣然期待（去做）谋事。
The little girl was looking forward to seeing her uncle from America.
那个小姑娘正盼望着见到从美国来的叔叔。
*be suitable for; be right for a purpose适宜的；适当的；恰当的。
Do you think this present is suitable for a little boy?
你认为这个礼物对于孩子合适吗？
*be in debt: owe a lot of money 欠债
The old man was in heavily debt in order to buy seeds.
那位老人为了买种子身负重债。
*make sense: have an understandable meaning有意义；有道理；讲得通；
be sensible是明智的；是合情合理的。
What you say makes no sense.
你说的话没有道理。
It doesn’t make sense to buy that expensive coat when these cheaper ones are just as good.
这件便宜的大衣也很好，何必也买那件贵的。
*earn one’s living: get money by working谋生； 挣钱生活
I start to earn my own living this very afternoon.
从今天下午开始，我自己挣钱养活自己了。
*for one thing: (used to introduce a reason for sth.用以引出谋事的理由 )一来
I’m afraid that I won’t be able to spend the weekend with you in Dalian. For one thing, I have no money and another I’m too busy.
恐怕我不能和你一起去大连度周末了，一来我没有钱，二来我太忙。
以上单词和词组可通过听对话录音，教师介绍过程中呈现，然后用问答讨论课文内容等方式再现以上单词和词组加深理解词义，掌握用法，紧后用句型转换或补全名子等方法巩固，开发运用。
B)本单元应掌握的重点文法知识：名词性从句
名词从句包括主语、表语、宾语和同位语从句。从总体上要注意两点：
连接主句与从句的连词有副词why, how, where, when, whether, if,它们在从句中充当状语成份，个有不同的词意，因此不能省略。代词who, whom, whose, what, which, 它们在从句中充当主语、定语、宾语，个有不同的词意，因此也不能省略。在联系中取舍哪一个词，本着缺什么成份，把它补齐，使句子在结构上与含意上完整就可以了。不同的连词，名子的意思也不同。例如：
Why/How/Where/When/Whether/Of what material the new house will be built hasn’t been decided yet.
为什么/怎样/在什么地方/什么时候/是否/用什么材料建这座房子还没有定下来。
【学法指要】
本单元语法难点：
1.掌握that在名词性从句中的用法。that在宾语从句中，不充当成份，也无词意，因此它可以省去；在主语、表语和同位语从句中，that虽然不充当成份，也无词意，但不能省略。
Today’s newspaper reports(that) sales of beef in China will increase.（宾语从句）
今天的报纸报道说，中国的牛肉销售量将会增加。
That land ownership in some countries is unfair is obvious.（主语从句）
在一些国家里，土地所有制的不公平是显而易见的。
The reason is that is has been raining for five days.（表语从句）
原因是已经下了五天的雨。
The reason that it has been raining for five days is why the crops has been flooded.
连续下了五天的雨，所以庄稼都泡在水里了。（同位语从句）
2.注意宾语从句中主句与从句谓语动词时态的呼应。
宾语从句中主句与从句谓语动词时态的呼应有三种情况：
A)主语谓语动词用现在和将来时态时，从句谓语动词可用任何所需要的时态。
Tom says that his sister is(was, will be) a doctor.
B)主句谓语动词用过去时态时，从句谓语动词则根据语境用过去时间的各种时态。这规律意也适用于主语、表语和同位语从句。
He thought the boy was honest.
I told him his brother was coming(would come).
We didn’t know whether they had finished their work.
注意：当从句说的内容是一般真理或客观事实时，从句谓语动词仍用一般现在时。
The mother told her little daughter that the earth goes round the sum.
He told me that the train for Beijing leaves at 10:30.
Somebody told me that you are a teacher.
3.否定转移
当主句的动词是think, believe, suppose, expect时，从句的否定要前移。
I don’t think she is right.
【妙文赏析】
Many centuries ago, all people had gathered seeds and plants to eat. They did not know how to farm or raise animals for food. Because they used stone tools and weapons, we call them the Stone Age people. There are people who still live much like these Stone Age people lived. They live in places that are hard to reach. Because they have met few outsiders, they do not know about modern inventions. They have not traded ways of doing things with others. For 25,000 years, groups of people have lived alone in the middle of Australia. One of the groups is the Aruba tatribe. They do not know how to farm, nor do they raise animals. The Artuntas spend most of their time searching for food and water. The men hunt animals with stone---tipped spears. The women and children look for roots, seeds and nuts. Several Artunta families live together. They have no houses. At night, they sleep around fires.
【思维体操】
阅读下列广告，回答1-5问题。
WUHAN PLUMBING(水管) & HEATING
Since 1992
Plumbing and Heating Installation(安装)
LARGE OR SMALL
Free
ESTIMATE(估计)
24 Hours 7 Days Service
Payment Open
8267896
261 Dong Fang Road
Wuchang
1.What is written above is _______.
A. a notice B. an address
C. an advertisement D. a poster
2.What service is offered free by Wuhan P.& H.?
A. Installation B. Quality of houses
C. Estimates of costs D. Large or small repairs
3.For which of the following problems would one call Wuhan P.& H.?
A. A leak(漏) in the roof.
B. Gas leak in the refrigerator.
C. Something wrong with wall plugs.
D. A broken bathroom pipe leaking water all over the floor.
4.The person who calls Wuhan P.& H. may discuss _____.
A. A duties B. experience C. cost D. salary
5.Wuhan is in _____ Province.
A. Hubei B. Hebei C. Hunan D. Henan
答案：CCDCA
【心中有数】
本单元的语法重点是名词性从句，而名词性从句的考查在高考试卷单项选择一题中一般情况下占20%，即在20个小题中有一个小题。如：
1.─I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.
─Is that _____ you had a few days off ?
A. why B. when C. what D. where (NMET99)
2.─It was _____ he said _____ disappointed me.
A. what; that B. that; that
C. what; what D. that; what (上海99)
答案：1.A；2.A
分析：
句1：从题干和所给的4个选择中不难看出本题考查的是表语从句。“I drove to Zhuhai for the air show.”提出一个事实，而第二句表明“I”不在的原因。故答案为A.why。
句2：该句考查的是强调句和主语从句。该句强调的是句中的主语，而该句的主语又是一个从句。从这个结构中可以看出第二个空和“It was”构成强调句，故第二个空应该是that；第一个空和“he said”构成主语从句；在这个从句中“said”一词后缺少宾语，故答案为A.what;that。
【动脑动手】
同步训练
I.单词拼写：
1.A country is not likely to develop without industry and a____.
2.Zhou Enlai will always be remembered as a great p_____.
3.The dish is not salty. Do you mind pouring some s____ on it?
4.Greatly to my r_____ , I am unable to accept your kind invitation.
5.His death means a great l____ to science.
6.It is not _____(合适) to grow cash crops here.
7.We don’t care what _____(材料) they really want.
8.The problem was how they could ______(偿还) so much.
9.They had to _____(承认) what they had done was wrong.
10.Who has won the first place will not be _____(公布) until the game is over.
II.单项选择
A)同步训练
11.I can not help _____ of my childhood _____ I see the wound in my leg.
A. think, when B. thinking, whenever
C. to think, when D. thought, no matter when
12.At the party we _____ to some ice cream.
A. helped B. to help C. helping D. were helped
13.______ the orders or you will be punished.
A. Have B. Receive C. Obey D. Place
14.─Is this machine _____ order or _____ good order?
─It works very well
A. in; in B. out of; in
C. in; out of D. out of; out of
15.We are all looking _____ the day when our country will be highly developed.
A. at B. for C. up D. forward to
16.The city was almost destroyed completely by an earth quake many years ago.
A. damaged slightly B. torn C. ruined D. broken
17.The expedition _____ no loss of life and returned to their base on time.
A. made B. got C. gained D. suffered
18.If you want a plant to ____, you had better _____ it in the garden.
A. plant; plant B. grow; plant
C. plant; grow D. be grown; grow
19.Last year farmers could not have their wheat crops _____ because of the bad weather.
A. increasing B. decreased
C. increased D. decreasing
20.It didn’t take her long to work ____ that she would soon have no money left.
A. at B. on C. for D. out
B)语法训练
21.It is _____ that the experiment should be made under low temperature.
A. said B. reported C. told D. suggested
22.______ man first made use of electricity is not exactly known.
A. When B. Whether C. That D. What
23.______ this material will be used in the product has not been decided yet.
A. If B. That C. What D. Whether
24.______ we are saying is more than ______ we will do.
A. That; that B. What; what
C. As; as D. Whatever; that
25.Our doubt is _____ he can do the experiment alone.
A. that B. if C. whether D.what
26.The reason ______ he didn’t come to our party was _____ he took a missing boy back home on his way here.
A. why; because B. why; that
C. that; why D. that; that
27.Do you have no idea ______?
A. how fast light travels B. how fast does light travel
C. how soon light travels D. how rapid light travels
28.Do you have no doubt _____ he will succeed in finding a new job?
A. if B. whether C. that D. whether or not
29.I kept looking at the man, wondering _______.
A. whether had I had seen him before
B. where I had seen him before
C. that I had seen him before
D. when I had seen before
30.The teacher told the children that man _____ any life on the moon.
A. didn’t find B. could not find
C. doesn’t find D. hasn’t been able to find
III.完型填空
In the 17th century corn was grown a lot in Tibet and Sichuan. At that time the land along the Changjiang River was becoming very 31 ;there was not enough 32 for the population. Farmers had to move 33 the hills, but they 34 rice there. They needed plant which didn’t need 35 water as rice. 36 they were able to grow the new corn.
Today, corn is found all over the world. It is a very useful plant that can be 37 in many different ways. People in the West often boil in 38 over an open fire. In many parts of the world corn 39 powder. The powder is then 40 water and other things, and made inot different kinds of food.
31.A. crowd
B. crowded
C. crowds
D. a crowd
32.A. rooms
B. places
C. room
D. place
33.A. into
B. in
C. to
D. on
34.A. hadn’t grown
B. didn’t grow
C. can’t raise
D. couldn’t grow
35.A. as many
B. as much
C. as much as
D. much as
36.A. Luckily
B. Unluckily
C. Fortunate
D. Unfortunately
37.A. cooking
B. to cook
C. prepared
D. done
38.A. all
B. whole
C. completely
D. each
39.A. makes into
B. be made to
C. be made from
D. is made into
40.A. mixed with
B. mixed to
C. mixing
D. to mix
IV.短文改错
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, while others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.______
42.______
43.______
44.______
45.______
46.______
47.______
48.______
49.______
50.______
【创新园地】
语言功能 从下列各题的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个最佳答案。
1.─My daughter has passed the exam.
─Congratulations! She’s really intelligent.
─_______
A. No, no, she is intelligent.
B. Oh, thank you!
C. Sometimes she is intelligent.
D. You are right.
2.─You forgot to feed the cat again!
─________
A. I can’t remember.
B. I don’t mind feeding her again.
C. I’ll do it now.
D. Yes, I did. What about you!
3.─Mum, I’ve cut my finger. It’s bleeding!
─________
A. Let me see.
B. Don’t worry.
C. Be careful
D. Let me have a look
4.─What’s happened to my library book?
─________
A. I’ve no idea.
B. You borrowed them from the library.
C. You bought them yesterday.
D. They’re about long life.
5.─Where is Tom this morning?
─He’s got a cold.
─________
A. Just tell him to take it easy.
B. What’s the matter with him?
C. He’s absent.
D. What? Where is he?
答案：
1.agriculture; 2.politician; 3.sauce; 4.regret; 5.loss
6.suitable; 7.materials; 8.repay; 9.admit; 10.announced
11-15BDCBD 16-20CDCCD 21-25BADBC 26-30BACBD
31-35BCADB 36-40ACBDA
Plants are very important living thing. Life could not
go on when there were no plants. This is why plants can
make food with
air and, water, or sunlight. Animals and men
can’t make food with air, water or sunlight. Animals can get
its food by eating plants and other animals. Man gets his food by eating plants and animals, either. Therefore, animals, and
man need plants in order to live. This is that we find we find
such many plants around us. If you look carefully at the plants around you, you’ll find that there are many types plants. Some
plants are big, when others are small. Most of plants are green.
41.things
42.if
43.and
44.Ö
45.their
46.too
47.why
48.so
49.of
50.while
【创新园地答案】
1.B; 2.C; 3.D; 4.A; 5.A
高二英语Lesson 88教案
Lesson 88
Lesson objectives:
1．Go over the three-skilled and four-skilled words: servant/ Let in/ mad/ brave/ cruel/ have a test/ deed/ in public and so on.
2．Go over the grammar: the - ing form as attributes and adverbials.
3．Practise writing a letter.
Teaching aids: a computer, a recorder, etc.
Teaching procedure:
A．Words and expressions
1．Galary: Play the game with the partner, only the words in Unit 22.
For example: S1: There're five letters.
S2: Is it a noun?
S1: No, S2……
If the man is hanged, S1 will win.
2．Complete the phrases or sentences, using the words in the following form. (Ex. Ⅰ in AB)
1)Many young people want to become a civil ________(公务员).
2) Don’t be so ________ to animals.
3) Everyone is ________ to succeed.
4) He was a ________ of war for many years.
5)I didn't believe what the ________ teller (算命者) said.
6)He put his oars (桨) in the water to ________ the smooth surface of the lake.
7) She is nervous waiting for the ________ of news.
8) Dr Manette suffered from ________ illness.
9) Chairman Mao is a ________ leader.
Possible answers: 1) servant 2) cruel 3) eager 4) prisoner 5) fortune
6) disturb 7) arrival 8) mental 9) noble
3．Using the following phrases to fill in the passage (Ex. Ⅱ in AB).
Let in; in public; sentence to death; do a good deed; in peace; fall in love with; suffer from
Romeo fell in love with Juliet at the first glance, but their families were enemies. Juliet's parents didn't let Romeo in their house, and forced her daughter to leave Romeo. So they couldn't stay together in public. A friar (修道士) did a good deed to marry Romeo and Juliet secretly.
By accident, Romeo killed Tybalt, a member of Juliet's family. The court sentenced Romeo to death. Romeo managed to escape. When Romeo returned, he found his wife, dead in peace, but in fact, Juliet didn't die. It was just a plan of the friar. Romeo suffered much from the death of Juliet. He killed himself and lay down by her side. When Juliet woke up from her death like sleep, seeing Romeo lying by her, dead, she knew what he had done and killed herself.
B．Sentences and patterns
1．Find partner
Card One: the news which surprises us Card Two: the boy who is sleeping
Card Three: the year that follows Card Four: the country which is
developing
Card Five: the boat that is floating Card Six: the surprising news
Card Seven: the sleeping boy Card Eight: the following year
Card Nine: the developing country Card Ten: the floating boat
Possible answers: One-Six / Two-Seven / Three-Eight / Four-Nine / Five-Ten
2．Chain drill: Two students say two sentences written in the cards and let another student join the two sentences together by using the v-ing form.
A: The man is our maths teacher.
B．He is sitting by the window.
C．The man sitting by the window is our maths teacher.
A: The students stood up.
B: When they saw the teacher entering the room.
C: Seeing the teacher entering the room, the students stood up.
A: He decides to have a bath.
B: He was wetted all over by the rain.
C: Being wetted all over by the rain, he decided to have a bath.
A: The children went away.
B: They were laughing.
C: The children went away laughing.
C．Paragraphs and passage
1．Read the passage and do the following exercises: (Ex. Ⅲ in AB)
Prison of the Abbaye,
Paris
21 June, 1792
Monsieur the Marquis
My house and yours were burnt to the ground. The villagers brought me to Paris and I was thrown into this prison. My crime, they tell me, is ‘Treason against the people’, and without your generous help, I will lose my head for it. I have tried to tell them that I have worked on your instructions for the people, and not against them. I have told them that it was you who instructed me to collect no rent or taxes from the villagers during these last years. But they tell me my crime is to have worked for an emigrant aristocrat. Monseigneur, please hear my cry for help! Please, save me from this house of horror!
Your faithful servant,
Gabelle
After reading the letter, what should Darnay think and what would he decide to do?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
Possible answer:
Having read the letter, Darney said to himself “Gabelle, the poor man. I really felt sorry for him. I must go back to Paris to save him, but my wife and my daughter, it is impossible for me to see them again. But I should answer for the trouble. Tomorrow I'll set off for Paris.”
2．Write on the cards according to the situations. (Ex Ⅳ in AB)
A．Christmas Day is coming. Xiaojun wants to send a Christmas card to Charlie.
B．Bill wants to send a birthday card to his brother and also tell him that everyone in the family misses him.
Homework
Write a letter to your pen friend, who has written to you for some advice about visiting Beijing. Give him/her some advice. You can use the following sentences.
A: The climate in Beijing is dry; spring is shorter with lots of wind.
B．Autumn is the best season in Beijing.
C．I suggest you come to Beijing in autumn.
D．Winter is longer and cold.
E: It snows occasionally.
F: You'd better not come to Beijing in spring or winter.
Possible Answer:
Dear John,
I'm very pleased to learn from your letter that you are getting on well with your studies and that you will come to Beijing. Now I'll answer the question in your letter and give you some advice about your visiting Beijing.
The climate in Beijing is very dry. Spring is shorter with Lots of wind. You'd better not come to Beijing in spring. In summer it's terribly hot. It often rains in July and August. Autumn is the best season in Beijing. The weather begins to get cool at the beginning of September. People like to go for outings in September, October and November. I suggest you come to Beijing in Autumn. Winter is longer and cold with strong wind. It snows occasionally. I hope my advice will be helpful to you.
I'm looking forward to seeing you in Beijing.
Yours ever
Li Xiaoj
科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 hihg1 unit8.doc
标题 Mainly revision
章节 第八单元
关键词 高一英语第八单元
内容
一、目的与要求
复习第一至第七单元出现过的语法项目
二、语言运用
运用所学的食物名称及有关“就餐”的日常交际用语，完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、写的任务；阅读课文“Food around the world”，深刻理解，完成有关课文内容的练习，并进一步练习定语从句，被动语态及各种动词时态的用法。
三、日常交际用语
本单元复习第一至第七单元的交际用语，小结如下：
1．介绍问好
①Hello/Hi. Nice to meet you.
②I’ll introduce you.
③Give one’s regards/best wishes/love to sb.
④I must go/be leaving now.
2．建议要求
①Here are some do’s and don’ts.
②Follow…instructions.
③What about…?
④Make sure that…
⑤Do what he/she tells you to do.
3．请求帮助
①Would you please say that again more slowly?
②Pardon? I’m sorry I know only a little English.
③I don’t quite fllow you.
④How do you pronounce/spell…?
⑤I have some difficulty in doing…
⑥What does…mean?
4．祝愿
①Have a good time.
②Good luck. Have a good tip.
③The same to you.
5．餐桌用语
①Would you like another piece of beancurd?
②How about some more…?
③Just a little, please…
④No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
⑤Help yourself to…
⑥Let me give you…
四、重点与难点分析
1．――Would you like another piece of beancurd? ――要不要再吃一块豆腐？
――Yes, please. ――好的，谢谢。
在口语中Yes常与please连用，“Yes, please”意为“好吧”，与此相反的是“No, thinks”，如：
①――Would you like another glass of juice? ――还要一杯果汗吗？
――No, thanks. ――不用了，谢谢。
②――Have some more cake, please. ――请再吃点蛋糕。
――No, thanks. I’m full/I’ve had enough. ――不用了，我已经饱了。
2．What a delicious supper! 多么美味的晚餐啊！
一般情况下三餐前不用冠词，have breakfast, have lunch, have supper吃早、中、晚饭。但当三餐前有定语修饰时，要带冠词，如：
①After a quick breakfast, Mary hurried to school. 匆匆吃过早饭后，Mary赶去上学。
②What a nice dinner we had at your house! 你家的晚饭太可口了！
3．Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.
两人一组，轮流请对方吃，第二部分中出现的食物。
△Take turns to do表示轮流做某事。It’s one’s turn to do…表示轮到某人做某事，如：
①They took turns to keep watch. 他们轮流站岗。
②It’s your turn to recite the passage. 轮到你背这篇短文了。
△offer 提供 r.n.提供之物
①He offered 10,000 dollars to help the poor. 他拿出1万美元帮助穷人。
②Could you offer me a cup of coffee, please? 请给我一杯咖啡好吗？
③My sister was offered a good chance to go abroad for further study of English.
我姐姐得到了一个出国深造英语的好机会。
④Would you like to accept the offer? 你愿意接受这个帮助吗？
⑤Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感谢你所提供的帮助。
4．When Christopher Columbus and his friend…, they discovered the plant “corn” there.Discover vt. 发现，看出，指揭示久已存在但从未被人知晓的客观事实，如：
①Many years ago, electricity was discovered. The discovery made people’s life changed a lot. 许多年前人们发现了电，电的发现使人们的生活发生了巨大的变化。
②We have discovered that he is a quite careful in his word. 我们发现他工作很仔细。
另一个动词invent指创造客观世界上从未有过的新事物，词义为“发明”，如：
①The computer was invented after electricity was discovered. It is one of the most
important inventions in the world.
发现了电之后才发明了电脑，电脑的发明是世界上最重要的发明之一。
②Electricity was not discovered by Edison, but he invented the electric light.
电不是爱迪生发现的，但他发明了电灯。
5．…there was not enough room for the population.
那儿已经没有足够大的地方装下这么多人了。
room在这里是一个不可数名词，意为空间，与space相近。
①There is no room left for the newcomer. 新到的人已经没地儿了。
②He took up too much room in our room. 他在我们的房间占了很大的地儿。
6．They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice.
这是一个定语从句，意为：他们需要一种不象稻谷那样需要水的作物。
7．It is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.
这是一种非常有用的作物，可用许多不同的方法制做成食物。
1) prepare调制
How do you prepare the fish? 你怎么做这鱼？
2) prepare sth. Prepare to do sth. 准备……
①He is preparing his speech for tomorrow’s meeting. 他正在准备明天大会的演讲稿。
②I was about to prepare supper when the bell rang. 我正要做晚饭时门铃响了。
③What are you preparing to offer me? 你准备为我提供点什么？
④He is preparing to go abroad. 他正准备出国。
3) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人对某事有思想准备。
①The teacher is preparing the students for the coming examination.
老师让考生对即将到来的考试做准备。
②We must be prepared for failure again. 我们必须做好再次失败的心理准备。
4) be prepared to do sth. 乐于做某事。
①He’s not prepared to listen to your excuse. 他不乐意听你的解释。
②I’m prepared to help others. 我乐于助人。
8．Sometimes they cook it whole over an open fire.
有时候他们把整只玉米放在露天的火上烧烤。
whole表示“全部”一般不用来修饰复数名词，强调个体的完整。
①They cooked a duck whole over the fire and soon a delicious smell came out.
他们烤了一整只鸭子，很快香味就飘出来了。
②The man ate an egg whole at a time. 那人一次吞下一整个鸡蛋。
注意whole一般放在限定词后面，名词前，而all则放在限定词前面，如：
the whole class（整个班） my whole life（我整个生命）
three whole days（三整天） all my books（我所有的书）
all the students（所有的考生） all three days（三整天）
9．In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.
世界上还有许多地方把玉米磨成粉。
1) be made into意为“原料被加工成了……”
①We can make glass into different kinds of things. 我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。
2) be made of指“成品是由什么原料制成的”能看出原材料。be made from则看不出原材料。
①Gas is made from coal. 煤气是由煤产生的。
②This kind of wine is made from grape. 这种酒是葡萄制成的。
③The desks are made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。
④The cloth is made of cotton. 这种布是用棉花制成的。
3) be made up of“由…组成”
①The novel is made up of ten parts. 这部小说有十部分组成。
②The sports team is made up of eleven members. 这支队由11人组成。
10．A number of other plants were found in America. 在美洲还发现了许多其他的作物。
A number of表示“很多”，与a lot of用法相同，后面接复数名词，如：
①A number of birds come to KunMing for the winter eveay year.
每年冬天有大量的鸟飞到昆明。
②A number of students are playing on the playground. But I don’t know what the number is.
很多学生在操场上玩，但我不知道有多少人。
the number of表示“…的数目”，谓语动词用单数，如：
③The number of the students in our school has risen this year.
今年我们学校学生的数目上升了。
五、定语从句
1．从定语从句和它修饰的先行词关系来看，有限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。
说 明
例 句
限制性定语从句
限定了先行词的范围和意思，这类从句不能省去。
I’ve found a man who can help you.
我找到了一个能帮助你的人。
Autumn in Beijing is the season which is neither hot not cold.
北京的秋天是不热也不冷的季节。
The factory where he worked was built in 1940.
他工作的那工厂建于1940年。
Is this school the one you visited yesterday?
这是你昨天参观的那所学校吗？
非限制性定语从句
只是对附加词进行补充说明，在意思上相当于一个并列的分句，如果省略，剩下的主句意思仍然清楚。书写时，从句和主句之间要用逗号分开，不能用that引导。
I knocked at the door of the chemist’s, which immediately opened.
我敲了一下药店的门，门很快就开了。
She has a sister, who is a musician.
她有一个是音乐家的姐姐。
They set up a school, where there were lots of students studying.
他们建了一所学校，有许多学生在那儿学习。
2．关系代词的用法
关系代词
用 法
例 句
that
做从句的主语或宾语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。
The table that stands over there is made of wood.
那边的桌子是用木头做的。
The book I gave you is well worth reading.
我给你的那本书很值得读。
The man that is talking to my father is my English teacher.
和我父亲谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。
which
做从句的主语或宾语，先行词是表示物的名词或代词。
The school (which) we visited is a famous one in Beijing.
我们参观的那所学校是北京的一所名校。
She hasn’t got enough money with which to buy the ring. 他没带够买戒指的钱。
who
whom
做从句的主语、宾语，其先行语为表示人的名词或代词。
Do you know the man who often makes speeches here?
你认识那个经常在这儿做演讲的人吗？
Who’s the woman (whom) you just referred to?
刚才你指的是哪个人？
whose
做从句的定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。
LiMin is the boy whose father is an engineer.
李明这个男孩的爸爸是工程师。
I live in the house whose windows face north.
我住的房子窗子朝北。
3．在介词后的关系代词只能用whom（先行词为人），which（先行词既可是人也可是物）
4．关系副词的用法
关系副词
基本用法
例 句
when
在从句中做时间状语，其先行词为表示时间的名词或代词。
I still remember the day when I joined the Youth League. 我仍然记着入团的那一天。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我永远不会忘记在农场工作的那段时光。
when
在从句中做地点状语，先行词为表示地点的名词和代词。
This is the bridge where you took photos.
这座桥是你照像的地方。
why
在从句中做原因状语常与reason连用。
I know the reason why she was angry.
我知道她为什么生气了。
5．定语中只能用that，不能用which的情况
▲被修饰的先行词为不定代词，all, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one等时，如：
We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
Do you mean the one that I bought yesterday? 你指的是我昨天买的吗？
▲先行词被only, any, few, little, no, one of, just, very等修饰时，如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的是等待。
The is the right person that I’m waiting for. 他就是我等的人。
△先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词时，如：
When we talk about WuXi, the first that comes to mind is Tai lake.
当我们谈起无锡时，首先想到的是太湖。
This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我校本学期放映的第三部片子。
△先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，如：
The must important thing that should be done is how to stop him from going on.
最重要的是如何阻止他继续下去。
This book is the best one that I’ve read. 这本书是我看过的最好一本。
△如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词用that，以避免重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
爱迪生办了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。
6．定语从句中只能用which，不能用that的情况
△关系代词前有介词时
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
动物园是展览各种动物的乐园。
Is this the room in which Mr White lives?
这就是white先生住的房间吗？
▲which在从句中代替的是前面整个句子的意思时，不能用that
The street hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.
街道好多星期没打扫了，因此整条街很脏。
He takes exercises everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.
他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。
六、典型例题
1．――Who do you know the electricity?
――I don’t know who did it. But I know that Thomas Edison the electric lamp.
A. invented; invented B. discovered; invented C. found; found D. discovered; found
2．―― beancurd you’ve cooked!
――It’s very kind of you to say so.
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
3．Wood can be made a great number of things. Look, this kind of paper is madewood.
A. into; of B. into; from C. from; into D. of; from
4．――Would you like another piece of cake?
―― .
A. Yes, please B. Yes, thanks C. No, please D. Yes, if you like
5．―― .
――Thank you.
A. Make yourself at home, Eat some fish B. You can eat some more fish by yourself
C. You’re free to eat some fish D. Help yourself to some fish
6．The farmers do their best to the market with enough vegetables.
A. supply B. feed C. prepare D. offer
7． students is more than two thousand in this school.
A. The number of B. A good many C. A number of D. plenty of
8．The car was too 6 people.
A. crowded with B. full of C. filled with D. small to
9．After the new technique introduced, the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
10．――Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
―― .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, go on D. Yes, help youself
答案：1――5．B、D、B、A、D 6――10．A、A、A、C、D
8．这辆车坐6个人太挤了，be crowded with意为“拥挤”
9．工厂引进新的技术之后，1988年生产的拖拉机是去年的2倍
10．“help yourself ” 除了有“自用食物”的意思外还有“自己动手做”的意思
七、语法练习
1．Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.
A. till B. when C. since D. which
2．The train she was travelling was late.
A. by which B. on that C. on which D. /
3．Is some German friends visited last week.
A. this school where B. this school one C. this the school D. this school
4．Is there anyone in your class home is in the country?
A. who’s B. his C. whose D. that
5．He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here.
A. which B. that C. who D. they
6．This is the only verb can be used in this sentence.
A. that B. which C. it D. /
7．This is just the place I’m longing to visit these days.
A. where B. to which C. / D. to where
8．The house he visited yesterday was the one the great writer lived many years ago.
A. where; where B. which; which C. where; which D. which; where
9．The taxi a truck had knocked last night was destroyed.
A. which B. where C. at which D. into which
10．All is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
答案： 1――5．B、A、C、C、B 6――10．A、C、D、C、B
2．She was travelling by brain. 所以此题应选A。
3．此题考查对先行词的判断能力。“This is the school,” “school ”是先行词。如果没有“the”, “this school ”后面要加“the one ”代替先行词“school”, This school is the one that…
5．当先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用“that”。
7．关系代词在从句中做宾语可以省略。
8．“The house ”在从句中做“visited ”的宾语，“the one ”在从句中做地点状语。
这句话的意思是：他昨天参观的那所房子几年前是一个伟大的作家居住的地方。
9．介词后用which. “knock at ”表示碰撞，昨天晚上一辆出租车被卡车撞坏了。
10．先行词是“All ”，关系代词只能用that。
科目 英语
年级 高一
文件 hihg1 unit8.doc
标题 Mainly revision
章节 第八单元
关键词 高一英语第八单元
内容
一、目的与要求
复习第一至第七单元出现过的语法项目
二、语言运用
运用所学的食物名称及有关“就餐”的日常交际用语，完成教科书和练习册中规定的听、说、写的任务；阅读课文“Food around the world”，深刻理解，完成有关课文内容的练习，并进一步练习定语从句，被动语态及各种动词时态的用法。
三、日常交际用语
本单元复习第一至第七单元的交际用语，小结如下：
1．介绍问好
①Hello/Hi. Nice to meet you.
②I’ll introduce you.
③Give one’s regards/best wishes/love to sb.
④I must go/be leaving now.
2．建议要求
①Here are some do’s and don’ts.
②Follow…instructions.
③What about…?
④Make sure that…
⑤Do what he/she tells you to do.
3．请求帮助
①Would you please say that again more slowly?
②Pardon? I’m sorry I know only a little English.
③I don’t quite fllow you.
④How do you pronounce/spell…?
⑤I have some difficulty in doing…
⑥What does…mean?
4．祝愿
①Have a good time.
②Good luck. Have a good tip.
③The same to you.
5．餐桌用语
①Would you like another piece of beancurd?
②How about some more…?
③Just a little, please…
④No, thanks. I’ve had enough.
⑤Help yourself to…
⑥Let me give you…
四、重点与难点分析
1．――Would you like another piece of beancurd? ――要不要再吃一块豆腐？
――Yes, please. ――好的，谢谢。
在口语中Yes常与please连用，“Yes, please”意为“好吧”，与此相反的是“No, thinks”，如：
①――Would you like another glass of juice? ――还要一杯果汗吗？
――No, thanks. ――不用了，谢谢。
②――Have some more cake, please. ――请再吃点蛋糕。
――No, thanks. I’m full/I’ve had enough. ――不用了，我已经饱了。
2．What a delicious supper! 多么美味的晚餐啊！
一般情况下三餐前不用冠词，have breakfast, have lunch, have supper吃早、中、晚饭。但当三餐前有定语修饰时，要带冠词，如：
①After a quick breakfast, Mary hurried to school. 匆匆吃过早饭后，Mary赶去上学。
②What a nice dinner we had at your house! 你家的晚饭太可口了！
3．Take turns to offer each other the foods in Part 2 in pairs.
两人一组，轮流请对方吃，第二部分中出现的食物。
△Take turns to do表示轮流做某事。It’s one’s turn to do…表示轮到某人做某事，如：
①They took turns to keep watch. 他们轮流站岗。
②It’s your turn to recite the passage. 轮到你背这篇短文了。
△offer 提供 r.n.提供之物
①He offered 10,000 dollars to help the poor. 他拿出1万美元帮助穷人。
②Could you offer me a cup of coffee, please? 请给我一杯咖啡好吗？
③My sister was offered a good chance to go abroad for further study of English.
我姐姐得到了一个出国深造英语的好机会。
④Would you like to accept the offer? 你愿意接受这个帮助吗？
⑤Thank you for your kind offer of help. 感谢你所提供的帮助。
4．When Christopher Columbus and his friend…, they discovered the plant “corn” there.Discover vt. 发现，看出，指揭示久已存在但从未被人知晓的客观事实，如：
①Many years ago, electricity was discovered. The discovery made people’s life changed a lot. 许多年前人们发现了电，电的发现使人们的生活发生了巨大的变化。
②We have discovered that he is a quite careful in his word. 我们发现他工作很仔细。
另一个动词invent指创造客观世界上从未有过的新事物，词义为“发明”，如：
①The computer was invented after electricity was discovered. It is one of the most
important inventions in the world.
发现了电之后才发明了电脑，电脑的发明是世界上最重要的发明之一。
②Electricity was not discovered by Edison, but he invented the electric light.
电不是爱迪生发现的，但他发明了电灯。
5．…there was not enough room for the population.
那儿已经没有足够大的地方装下这么多人了。
room在这里是一个不可数名词，意为空间，与space相近。
①There is no room left for the newcomer. 新到的人已经没地儿了。
②He took up too much room in our room. 他在我们的房间占了很大的地儿。
6．They needed a plant which didn’t need as much water as rice.
这是一个定语从句，意为：他们需要一种不象稻谷那样需要水的作物。
7．It is a very useful plant that can be prepared in many different ways.
这是一种非常有用的作物，可用许多不同的方法制做成食物。
1) prepare调制
How do you prepare the fish? 你怎么做这鱼？
2) prepare sth. Prepare to do sth. 准备……
①He is preparing his speech for tomorrow’s meeting. 他正在准备明天大会的演讲稿。
②I was about to prepare supper when the bell rang. 我正要做晚饭时门铃响了。
③What are you preparing to offer me? 你准备为我提供点什么？
④He is preparing to go abroad. 他正准备出国。
3) prepare sb. for sth. 使某人对某事有思想准备。
①The teacher is preparing the students for the coming examination.
老师让考生对即将到来的考试做准备。
②We must be prepared for failure again. 我们必须做好再次失败的心理准备。
4) be prepared to do sth. 乐于做某事。
①He’s not prepared to listen to your excuse. 他不乐意听你的解释。
②I’m prepared to help others. 我乐于助人。
8．Sometimes they cook it whole over an open fire.
有时候他们把整只玉米放在露天的火上烧烤。
whole表示“全部”一般不用来修饰复数名词，强调个体的完整。
①They cooked a duck whole over the fire and soon a delicious smell came out.
他们烤了一整只鸭子，很快香味就飘出来了。
②The man ate an egg whole at a time. 那人一次吞下一整个鸡蛋。
注意whole一般放在限定词后面，名词前，而all则放在限定词前面，如：
the whole class（整个班） my whole life（我整个生命）
three whole days（三整天） all my books（我所有的书）
all the students（所有的考生） all three days（三整天）
9．In many parts of the world corn is made into powder.
世界上还有许多地方把玉米磨成粉。
1) be made into意为“原料被加工成了……”
①We can make glass into different kinds of things. 我们可以把玻璃制成各种东西。
2) be made of指“成品是由什么原料制成的”能看出原材料。be made from则看不出原材料。
①Gas is made from coal. 煤气是由煤产生的。
②This kind of wine is made from grape. 这种酒是葡萄制成的。
③The desks are made of wood. 桌子是木头做的。
④The cloth is made of cotton. 这种布是用棉花制成的。
3) be made up of“由…组成”
①The novel is made up of ten parts. 这部小说有十部分组成。
②The sports team is made up of eleven members. 这支队由11人组成。
10．A number of other plants were found in America. 在美洲还发现了许多其他的作物。
A number of表示“很多”，与a lot of用法相同，后面接复数名词，如：
①A number of birds come to KunMing for the winter eveay year.
每年冬天有大量的鸟飞到昆明。
②A number of students are playing on the playground. But I don’t know what the number is.
很多学生在操场上玩，但我不知道有多少人。
the number of表示“…的数目”，谓语动词用单数，如：
③The number of the students in our school has risen this year.
今年我们学校学生的数目上升了。
五、定语从句
1．从定语从句和它修饰的先行词关系来看，有限制性和非限制性定语从句两种。
说 明
例 句
限制性定语从句
限定了先行词的范围和意思，这类从句不能省去。
I’ve found a man who can help you.
我找到了一个能帮助你的人。
Autumn in Beijing is the season which is neither hot not cold.
北京的秋天是不热也不冷的季节。
The factory where he worked was built in 1940.
他工作的那工厂建于1940年。
Is this school the one you visited yesterday?
这是你昨天参观的那所学校吗？
非限制性定语从句
只是对附加词进行补充说明，在意思上相当于一个并列的分句，如果省略，剩下的主句意思仍然清楚。书写时，从句和主句之间要用逗号分开，不能用that引导。
I knocked at the door of the chemist’s, which immediately opened.
我敲了一下药店的门，门很快就开了。
She has a sister, who is a musician.
她有一个是音乐家的姐姐。
They set up a school, where there were lots of students studying.
他们建了一所学校，有许多学生在那儿学习。
2．关系代词的用法
关系代词
用 法
例 句
that
做从句的主语或宾语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。
The table that stands over there is made of wood.
那边的桌子是用木头做的。
The book I gave you is well worth reading.
我给你的那本书很值得读。
The man that is talking to my father is my English teacher.
和我父亲谈话的那个人是我的英语老师。
which
做从句的主语或宾语，先行词是表示物的名词或代词。
The school (which) we visited is a famous one in Beijing.
我们参观的那所学校是北京的一所名校。
She hasn’t got enough money with which to buy the ring. 他没带够买戒指的钱。
who
whom
做从句的主语、宾语，其先行语为表示人的名词或代词。
Do you know the man who often makes speeches here?
你认识那个经常在这儿做演讲的人吗？
Who’s the woman (whom) you just referred to?
刚才你指的是哪个人？
whose
做从句的定语，先行词可以是人也可以是物。
LiMin is the boy whose father is an engineer.
李明这个男孩的爸爸是工程师。
I live in the house whose windows face north.
我住的房子窗子朝北。
3．在介词后的关系代词只能用whom（先行词为人），which（先行词既可是人也可是物）
4．关系副词的用法
关系副词
基本用法
例 句
when
在从句中做时间状语，其先行词为表示时间的名词或代词。
I still remember the day when I joined the Youth League. 我仍然记着入团的那一天。
I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.
我永远不会忘记在农场工作的那段时光。
when
在从句中做地点状语，先行词为表示地点的名词和代词。
This is the bridge where you took photos.
这座桥是你照像的地方。
why
在从句中做原因状语常与reason连用。
I know the reason why she was angry.
我知道她为什么生气了。
5．定语中只能用that，不能用which的情况
▲被修饰的先行词为不定代词，all, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one等时，如：
We should do all that is useful to the people. 我们应该做一切有益于人民的事。
Do you mean the one that I bought yesterday? 你指的是我昨天买的吗？
▲先行词被only, any, few, little, no, one of, just, very等修饰时，如：
The only thing that we could do was to wait. 我们唯一能做的是等待。
The is the right person that I’m waiting for. 他就是我等的人。
△先行词被序数词修饰或本身是序数词时，如：
When we talk about WuXi, the first that comes to mind is Tai lake.
当我们谈起无锡时，首先想到的是太湖。
This is the third film that has been shown in our school this term. 这是我校本学期放映的第三部片子。
△先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时，如：
The must important thing that should be done is how to stop him from going on.
最重要的是如何阻止他继续下去。
This book is the best one that I’ve read. 这本书是我看过的最好一本。
△如有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which，另一个关系代词用that，以避免重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
爱迪生办了一家工厂，生产过去从未见到过的东西。
6．定语从句中只能用which，不能用that的情况
△关系代词前有介词时
A zoo is a park in which many kinds of animals are kept for exhibition.
动物园是展览各种动物的乐园。
Is this the room in which Mr White lives?
这就是white先生住的房间吗？
▲which在从句中代替的是前面整个句子的意思时，不能用that
The street hasn’t been cleaned for weeks, which makes it very dirty.
街道好多星期没打扫了，因此整条街很脏。
He takes exercises everyday, which has done a lot of good to his health.
他每天运动，这对他的身体很有好处。
六、典型例题
1．――Who do you know the electricity?
――I don’t know who did it. But I know that Thomas Edison the electric lamp.
A. invented; invented B. discovered; invented C. found; found D. discovered; found
2．―― beancurd you’ve cooked!
――It’s very kind of you to say so.
A. How a nice B. What a nice C. How nice D. What nice
3．Wood can be made a great number of things. Look, this kind of paper is madewood.
A. into; of B. into; from C. from; into D. of; from
4．――Would you like another piece of cake?
―― .
A. Yes, please B. Yes, thanks C. No, please D. Yes, if you like
5．―― .
――Thank you.
A. Make yourself at home, Eat some fish B. You can eat some more fish by yourself
C. You’re free to eat some fish D. Help yourself to some fish
6．The farmers do their best to the market with enough vegetables.
A. supply B. feed C. prepare D. offer
7． students is more than two thousand in this school.
A. The number of B. A good many C. A number of D. plenty of
8．The car was too 6 people.
A. crowded with B. full of C. filled with D. small to
9．After the new technique introduced, the factory produced tractors in 1988 as the year before.
A. as twice many B. as many twice C. twice as many D. twice many as
10．――Do you think I could borrow your dictionary?
―― .
A. Yes, you may borrow B. Yes, you could C. Yes, go on D. Yes, help youself
答案：1――5．B、D、B、A、D 6――10．A、A、A、C、D
8．这辆车坐6个人太挤了，be crowded with意为“拥挤”
9．工厂引进新的技术之后，1988年生产的拖拉机是去年的2倍
10．“help yourself ” 除了有“自用食物”的意思外还有“自己动手做”的意思
七、语法练习
1．Finally came the day he had to begin his study for the next term.
A. till B. when C. since D. which
2．The train she was travelling was late.
A. by which B. on that C. on which D. /
3．Is some German friends visited last week.
A. this school where B. this school one C. this the school D. this school
4．Is there anyone in your class home is in the country?
A. who’s B. his C. whose D. that
5．He talked about the people and things interested him greatly during his stay here.
A. which B. that C. who D. they
6．This is the only verb can be used in this sentence.
A. that B. which C. it D. /
7．This is just the place I’m longing to visit these days.
A. where B. to which C. / D. to where
8．The house he visited yesterday was the one the great writer lived many years ago.
A. where; where B. which; which C. where; which D. which; where
9．The taxi a truck had knocked last night was destroyed.
A. which B. where C. at which D. into which
10．All is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing B. that C. what D. which
答案： 1――5．B、A、C、C、B 6――10．A、C、D、C、B
2．She was travelling by brain. 所以此题应选A。
3．此题考查对先行词的判断能力。“This is the school,” “school ”是先行词。如果没有“the”, “this school ”后面要加“the one ”代替先行词“school”, This school is the one that…
5．当先行词既有人又有物时关系代词用“that”。
7．关系代词在从句中做宾语可以省略。
8．“The house ”在从句中做“visited ”的宾语，“the one ”在从句中做地点状语。
这句话的意思是：他昨天参观的那所房子几年前是一个伟大的作家居住的地方。
9．介词后用which. “knock at ”表示碰撞，昨天晚上一辆出租车被卡车撞坏了。
10．先行词是“All ”，关系代词只能用that。
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