2.       几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:

Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.

No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.(注意时态)

注意:

①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:

Not only you but also I like playing chess.

②neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,

Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.

Only in this way can I learn from my fault.

Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.

注意: only强调主语不倒装:

Only the teachers can use the room.

4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:

So easy is it that a clild can learn it.

So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.

I saw the film, so did he.

1、倒装句（Inversion）

英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”。如果将谓语的全部或一部分放在主语之前，这种语序称为“倒装”。
一、倒装的类型

类型

例            句

说    明

 完 全

 倒 装

Out rushed the students to welcome the foreign friends.

学生们涌出去欢迎外国朋友。

整个谓语移至主语之前。

 部 分

 倒 装

Seldom does he go to school late.

他上学很少迟到。

只把系动词，情态动词，助动词或表语放在主语之前。

1、由于语法结构的需要而使用的倒装

情 况

例            句

说    明

＋do，主语＋should（could…）＋ 原形 do
过去时（与现在事实条件句一样）。

If it should rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

If I were to go to the moon one day, I could see it with my own eyes.

If you missed the film to night, you would feel sorry.

注意问题：

1、If条件句中绝对不可出现“would”。
2、根据句中的时间状语，有时可能出现“混合虚拟”的情况，即主句可能是现在的情况，条件句也许是发生在过去的情况，但都是遵守上述句型。

3、在条件句中如果出现were, had, should可省去if，将主语与这些词倒装，例如：
Had the doctor come last night, the boy would have saved.

Were I to go to the moon one day, I would see it with my own eyes.

Should it rain tomorrow, we would stay at home.

在表示命令、建议要求、惊叹时的名词性从句中需用虚拟语气，基本句型：主语＋（should）＋动词原形，如：Mother insisted that John go to bed at 9 o’clock.（宾语从句）

We suggested that the meeting should not be held.

It was required that the crops should be harvested at once.（主语从句）

The suggestion that he be invited was rejected.（同位语从句）

That is their demand that their wages be increased.（表语从句）

注意：在这种句子中绝不出现“would”“must”“could”等。

1、wish后的宾语从句：

与现在愿望不一致 主语＋过去时；I wish I were you.

与过去愿望不一致 主语＋had＋过去分词；I wish I had visited the white House when I was in the states.

与未来愿望不一致 主语＋would（could）＋原形。I wish I could meet you tomorrow at the party.

2、It’s time句型：当It’s time后用that从句时应该为：主语＋should＋原形 或 主语＋过去时，例如：

It’s time that you went to school. 或It’s time that you should go to school.

3、If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish＋宾语从句”
If only he could come!  他要能来就好了。

If only I had known the answer!  我要早知答案就好了。

4、would rather, as if（though）引导的句子也需使用虚拟，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，如：

I’d rather you posted the letter right away.

I’d rather you had returned the book yesterday.

She loves the children as if they were hers.

Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there.

5、without, but, but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。

Without you, I would never know him.

But for your cooperation, we wouldn’t have done the work so well. = If it were not for your cooperation, we we wouldn’t have done the work so well.
注： without / but for … = If it weren’t not for…/ If it hadn’t been for …., sb …..

But that she was afraid, she would have said no.

I would be most glad to help you, but I’ am busy now.

I am busy now; otherwise I would do you the favor!

【专项训练】

1、It is important that a college student                a foreign language.

       A．will master     B．master            C．masters          D．would master

2、It is strange that she             without saying a word.

       A．should have gone out                  B．went

       C．should go out                             D．goes out

3、If my lawyer                  here last Saturday, he                      me from going.

       A．had been, would have prevented    B．had been, would prevent

       C．were, would prevent              D．were, would have prevent

4、  ――“He is a brave man.”

       ――“Yes, I wish I               his courage.”

       A．have        B．had                C．will have        D．may have

5、If it                 rain, the crops would be saved.

       A．should            B．will                 C．is going to      D．was to

6、He ordered that the medicine                    by a special plane.

       A．was sent                                     B．would be sent

       C．should send                                D．be sent

7、If you                     the medicine, you                     better now.

       A．took, would feel                          B．had taken, felt

       C．had taken, would feel                 D．took, would have felt

8、She is my sister, but she often acts as if                    my mother.

       A．is                    B．was                 C．were        D．had been

9、I went to bed early last night, but I wish I                       so.

       A．didn’t do        B．hadn’t do              C．haven’t done  D．couldn’t do

10、I’d rather he                       tomorrow afternoon.

       A．will come B．comes             C．coming           D．came

答案：

       1、B             2、A             3、A             4、B             5、A

       6、D             7、C             8、C             9、B             10、D

五、倒装句

        英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。倒装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。

    情况:

1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:

There goes the bell! 铃响了！          There lived an old man.        Here comes the bus.

注意:

①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。

②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。

2、方位状语在句首, 如:

In front of the house stopped a police car.

Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.

Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装

"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.

Never shall I forget you.

At no time was the man aware of what was happening.

Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.

21、The glass works                  in 1959.

       A．were set up     B．was set up       C．were put up    D．were built

22、Three hours with your girl friend                          to be a short time.

       A．seem        B．seems       C．is seeming      D．has seemed

23、It was reported that six                     including a boy.

       A．was killed       B．were killed      C．was killing      D．had killed

24、The police                   a prisoner.

       A．is searching for      B．are searching forC．is searching D．are searched for

25、Deer              faster than dogs.

       A．run         B．runs        C．are running    D．will run

26、The wounded              good care of here now.

       A．is taken   B．are being taken      C．are taking             D．is taking

27、The whole class                   greatly moved at his words.

       A．was                B．were        C．had                D．is

28、Over 80 percent of the population of China                  peasants.

       A．was         B．is      C．are          D．will be

29、There                   a knife and fork on the table.

       A．seems to be     B．seem to be             C．is seeming to be D．are

30、Those who                   singing may join us.

       A．are liking              B．likes        C．enjoy              D．is fond of

31、His family                   music lovers.

       A．all are            B．are all             C．is                    D．are being

32、A professor and a writer                   present at the meeting.

       A．was         B．is      C．were        D．had been

33、The pair of shoes                       worn out.

       A．was                B．were        C．have been       D．had been

34、The students in our school each               an English dictionary.

       A．have        B．has                 C．had                D．are having

35、More than one answer               to the question.

       A．have been given     B．has been given       C．were given      D．had given

36、The boy sitting by the window is the only one of the students who             from the countryside in our school.   A．are       B．is      C．were        D．was

37、Our family                  a happy one.

       A．is             B．are                 C．was                D．were

38、Most of the mistakes                  because of carelessness.

       A．were made      B．are made C．has been made              D．were making

39、Most of his time                 in reading novels.

       A．are spent        B．is spent           C．were spent      D．was spending

40、The rest of the novel                  very interesting.

       A．were        B．are                 C．is                    D．seem

41、I know that all                   getting on well with her.

       A．was                B．is                    C．are                 D．were

42、When and where this took place                     still unknown.

       A．are                 B．were        C．is                    D．has

43、Not only the workers but also the machine                    not there.

       A．are                 B．were        C．is                    D．has

44、Very few               his address in the town.

       A．knows            B．know              C．are knowing   D．has known

45、Ten thousand dollars                 a large sum of money.

       A．are                 B．is                    C．were        D．seem

46、Twenty miles               a long way to cover.

       A．were        B．are                 C．is                    D．seem to be

47、Nine plus three                   twelve.

       A．makes            B．make              C．is making       D．are making

48、There are two roads and either                to the station.

       A．leads              B．lead                C．are leading     D．is leading

49、My father, together with some of his old friends,                  there already.

       A．have been       B．has been         C．had been        D．will be

50、My family as well as I                glad to see you.

       A．am                 B．are                 C．is                    D．was

【答案】：

       1、A  因有连词but，所以谓语形式跟Nothing一致，用第三人称单数。见讲解4。

       2、B  同上  3、B  见讲解2。      4、C  见讲解16。

       5、C  定语从句看被修饰的先行词：the number of作主语用单数形式。见讲解9，19。

       6、A  见讲解1。      7、C  见讲解2。      8、B  倒装句，要看后面的主语。见讲解3。

       9、B  some person指“某人”是第三人称单数。见讲解13。

       10、B 主语“all”指的是“food”，所以代不可数名词，是第三人称单数。见讲解13。

       11、B  Tom’s teacher and friend，因friend前没有冠词，所以实际指的是同一个人。    见讲解5。

       12、B  根据前一分句的意思，第二分句中的mine指的是“my new clothes”，因    此主语是复数。

       13、A  neither…nor…连接主语，动词与后面的主语保持一致。见讲解15。

       14、A  见讲解6。     15、A  见讲解4。     16、A  见讲解1，动名词作主语。      17、B  倒装，见讲解3。       18、A  见讲解9。     19、C  见讲解11。

       20、C  因谓语动词是复数，所主语应是复，The Smiths是指史密斯一家人。

       21、B  works在此句中是指工厂，所以是单数。     22、B  见讲解10。

       23、B  six在这儿指的是人，因此用复数形式。      24、B  见讲解17。

       25、A  deer, sheep是单、复数同形，根据后面的dogs，前面的deer应是复数（单 数前应有a）。     26、B  见讲解14。  27、B  见讲解12，因人才能受感动，所以the whole class是指全班的成员。   28、C  见讲解18。   29、A  见讲解5。刀、叉是一副而论，所以看作单数。       30、C  见讲解9。    31、B  见讲解12。   32、C  见讲解4，注意与第11题比较。   

33、A  因此句主语是pair，所以用单数。

       34、A  因此句主语是the students，所以用复数。如果each作主语，谓语动词则用      第三人称单数形式。如：Each of the students / Each student has an English dictionary.

       35、B  此句中的主语是one answer，所以谓语动词应与它保持一致。

       36、B  根据句意，这个男孩是学校中唯一来自农村的学生，自然后面的定语从句       的主语是单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式，又因主从句时态保持一致，故B                是唯一正确答案。    

37、A  见讲解12。   38、A  见讲解2。39、B  见讲解16。

       40、C  这部小说的剩余部分，还没超出“一”，用单数。

       41、C  见讲解13，不定代词all在此句中代“与她相处的人”，所以是复数。

       42、C  见讲解1，when and where this took place是一个从句。

       43、C  见讲解15。   44、B  few在此代人，是复数。   45、B  见讲解10。

       46、C  同上。    47、A  同上。    48、A  见讲解7。     49、B  见讲解4。     50、B  同上。

虚拟语气分三种情况来掌握：

1、虚拟条件句。

2、名词性虚拟语气。
3、虚拟语气的其他用语。

条件状语从句是非真实情况，在这种情况下要用虚拟语气。

1、条件从句与现在事实不一致，其句型为：

If 主语＋过去时，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋动词原形，如：
If I were you, I would study hard.

If it rained, I would not be here now.

2、条件从句与过去事实不一致，句型为：

If 主语＋had＋过去分词，主语＋should（could, would, 或might）＋have＋过去分词，如：

If the doctor had come last night, the boy would have saved.

If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam last term.

3、条件从句与将来事实不一致，句型为：

19、The United Nations                   in 1945.

       A．were found     B．were founded  C．was founded   D．was found

20、                     were also invited to the party.

       A．Mr Smith       B．The Smith      C．The Smiths     D．Smiths

2、普通名词
1）不可数名词

注意：不可数名词前一般不加冠词，尤不加不定冠词：若加a(an)则使之具体化了。                    

如：have a wonderful time.

‚不可数名词作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

ƒ不可数名词一般无复数形式。部分物质名词在表不同类别时，可用复数形式。

如：fishes,  newspapers,         waters,                snows……

       |                 |               |                       
各种各样的鱼  各种报纸  河湖、海水       积雪

„有些抽象名词也常用复数，变为可数的具体的事物。如：times时代，works著作，difficulties困难

…在表数量时，常用“of”词组来表示。如：a glass of milk, a cup of tea, two pieces of paper….

2）可数名词：
可数名词除用复数形式表一类之外，一般都要加冠词：A birdcaufly.

The frog is a kind of hibernating animal.

Vegetables sold at this shop are usually fresh.

‚有复数形式：

a）规则变化――加“s”或“es”（与初中同，略）
b）不规则变化――child (children), foot (feet), tooth (teeth), man (men),

woman (women), mouse (mice), goose (geese), Englishman (Englishmen),

phenomenon(phenomena)…

注意：c）单、复数同形：sheep, deer, Chinese, Japanese, fish（同一种鱼）……。如，a sheep, two sheep

d）只用复数形式： thanks, trousers, goods, clothes, socks, shoes,…
e）形复实单：physics, politics, maths, news, plastics（塑料），means.

f）形单实复：people (人民，人们)，the police, cattle等

g）集合名词如：family, public, group, class等。当作为整体时，为单数；当作为整体中的各个成员时，为复数。如：   My family is a big one.      My family are music lovers.

h）复合名词变复数时，(a)只把复合名词中的主体各词变为复数形式。如：sister(s)-in-law嫂子，弟妹；step-son (s)继子；editor (s) -in-chief总编辑。
(b)如没有主体名词则在最后一个词的后面加“s”。如：grown-up(s)成年人，go-between(s)中间人

(c）woman, man作定语时，要与被修饰的名词的数一致。如：a man servant―men servants, a woman doctor―women doctors

二、名词的所有格：
1、表有生命的东西（人或动物）的名词所有格，一般在名词后加“’s”。如：Mike’s bag, Children’s Day, my brother’s room, women’s rights…

注意：1）名词复数的词尾是-s或-es，它的所有格只在词后加“s”。如：Teachers’        Day, the workers’ rest-home（工人疗养院），the students’ reading-room

2）复合名词的所有格，在后面的词后加“’s”。如：her son-in-law’s photo（她女婿的照片）；anybody else’s book（其他任何人的书）

3）如果一样东西为两人或两人以上共有，则在最后的一个名词后面加“’s”；                       如果不是共有，则每个词后都要加“’s”。如：Jane and Helen’s room. 珍妮和海伦的房间（共有）. Bill’s and Tom’s radios. 比尔的收音机和汤姆的   收音机（不共有）

4）表地点（店铺，某人的家等）的名词所有格后面，一般省去它所修饰的名词。如：the tailor’s (裁缝铺) the doctor’s (诊所) Mr Brown’s (布朗先生的家)

5）有些表时间、距离、国家、城镇的无生命的名词，也可加“’s”表所有格。

如：half an hour’s walk (半小时的路程)      China’s agriculture (中国的农业)

2、表示无生命的东西的名词一般与of构成词组，表示所有格。如：the cover of the book
3、表示有生命的东西的名词也可以用of，特别是名词较长，有较多的定语时。如：

the story of Dr Norman Bethune

Do you know the name of the boy standing at the gate?
4、“of词组+所有格”的用法：

在表示所属物的名词前有冠词、数词、不定代词或指示代词（如：a, two, some, a few, this, that, these, those等）时，常用“of词组+所有格”的形式来表示所有关系。如：

a friend of my father’s 我父亲的一位朋友。
some inventions of Edison’s 爱迪生的一些发明

those exercise-books of the students’ 学生们的那些练习本。

【专项训练】：

1、There are only twelve                  in the hospital.

       A．woman doctors                           B．women doctors

       C．women doctor                                  D．woman doctor

2、Mr Smith has two                , both of whom are teachers in a school.

       A．brothers-in-law                          B．brother-in-laws

       C．brothers-in-laws                         D．brothers-in law

3、――How many                    does a cow have?

       ――Four.

       A．stomaches       B．stomach          C．stomachs               D．stomachies

4、Some                     visited our school last Wednesday.

       A．German         B．Germen          C．Germans               D．Germens

5、The                 of the building are covered with lots of                         .

       A．roofs; leaves   B．rooves; leafs    C．roof; leaf               D．roofs; leafs

6、When the farmer returned home he found three                    missing.

       A．sheeps            B．sheepes           C．sheep                     D．sheepies

7、That was a fifty                    engine.

       A．horse power                                B．horses power

       C．horse powers                              D．horses powers

8、My father often gives me                    .

       A．many advice   B．much advice   C．a lot of advices      D．a few advice

9、Mary broke a                       while she was washing up.

       A．tea cup           B．a cup of tea    C．tea’s cup                D．cup tea

10、Can you give us some                       about the writer?

       A．informations                              B．information

       C．piece of informations                  D．pieces information

11、I had a cup of                     and two pieces of                this morning.

       A．teas; bread                                 B．teas; breads

       C．tea; breads                                 D．tea; bread

12、As is known to us all,                travels much faster than                   .

       A．lights; sounds                             B．light; sound

       C．sound; light                                D．sounds; lights

13、She told him of all her               and                      .

       A．hope; fear                                  B．hopes; fear

       C．hopes; fears                                D．hope; fears

14、The rising                    did a lot of                  to the crops.

       A．water; harm                               B．water; harms

       C．waters; harm                              D．waters; harms

15、――How far away is it from here to your school?

       ――It’s about                     .

       A．half an hour’s drive                    B．half hours drives

       C．half an hour drives                            D．half an hour drive

16、The shirt isn’t mine. It’s                   .

       A．Mrs Smith                                  B．Mrs’ Smith

       C．Mrs Smiths’                               D．Mrs Smith’s

17、Miss Johnson is a friend of               .

       A．Mary’s mother                           B．Mary’s mothers’

       C．Mary mother’s                           D．Mary’s mother’s

18、Last week I called at my                   .

       A．aunt               B．aunts              C．aunt’s             D．auntes’

19、The beach is a                    throw.

       A．stone              B．stones             C．stones’            D．stone’s

20、I can hardly imagine                 sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

       A．Peter’             B．Peter              C．Peters             D．Peters’

【答案】：

       1、B             2、A

       3、C  stomach（胃）虽是“ch”结尾，但其发音为[k]，所以加“s”，不用加“es”。

       4、C     5、A  roof, chief, gulf, belief等词的复数形式，直接加“s”。

       6、C       7、A  名词作定语一般不用复数。

       8、B

       9、A  根据句意，打破的应是杯子，而不是茶；名词作定语表类别不用加“’s”。

       10、B            11、D            12、B            13、C           14、C           15、A

       16、D  根据上句，此处应是史密斯太太的衬衫。

       17、D           18、C      19、D  a stone’s throw是固定短语，意为“近在咫尺”。

       20、B  此句中Peter作动名词sailing的所有格，本应用Peter’s，但因其在动词后作宾语，所以可用宾格，因此B为正确答案。

知识要点：

       在英语的句子中，谓语动词的形式应与主语的人称和数保持一致。如何判定，则要看句子的意思。多数情况下，根据句子的主语形式就能判定，但有的则要看整句的意思，及强调的内容。下面我们就常用的、易混的几种情况作一下解释。

1、以单数名词或代词、不定式、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：

1）The book is on the table.

2）He is reading English.
3）To work hard is necessary.（It is necessary to work hard.）

4）How you get there is a problem.

2、复数主语跟复数动词。如：Children like to play toys.
3、在倒装句中，动词的数应和它后面的主语的数一致。如以here,there开头，be 动词与后面第一个名词一致。如：

1）There is a dog near the door.

2）There were no schools in this area before liberation.
3）Here comes the bus.

4）On the wall were two famous paintings.

5）Here is Mr Brown and his children.

4、and连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时，谓语动词用复数。如果主语后跟有with, together with, except, but, perhaps , like, including, as well as, no less than, more than, rather than等引起的短语，谓语动词仍与短语前的主语的形式保持一致。如：

1）Jane, Mary and I are good friends.

2）He and my father work in the same factory.

3）His sister, no less than you, is wrong.

4）The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible for the accident.

5）He, like you and Xiao Liu is very diligent.

6）Every picture except these two has been sold.

7）Alice with her parents often goes to the park on Sundays.

8）Alice as well as her friends was invited to the concert.

9）Nobody but Mary and I was in the classroom at that time.

5、并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数，and后面的名词没有冠词。如：

1）The writer and worker is coming to our school tomorrow.这位工人作家明天要来我们学校。

2）Bread and butter is their daily food. 面包和黄油是他们每日的食品。

3）The writer and the worker are coming to our school tomorrow.那位作家和那位工人明天将来我们学校。

6、and连接的并列单数名词前如有each, every, no, many a修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：

1）Every boy and girl has been invited to the party.所有的孩子都被邀请参加这次聚会。

2）No teacher and no student is absent today.今天没有老师和学生缺席。

3）Many a student is busy with their lessons.许许多多的学生都忙着复习他们的功课。

7、each, either, one, another, the other, neither作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：
1）Each takes a cup of tea.

2）Either is correct.

3）Neither of them likes this picture.

8、由every, some, any, no构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

1）Is everyone here?

2）Nothing is to be done. 没有什么要干的事儿了。

9、关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：

1）Those who want to go please sign their names here.

2）Anyone who is against this opinion may speak out.

3）He is one of the students who were praised at the meeting.

10、表示时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词或短语作为一个整体看待时，其谓语动词常用单数形式。如：

1）Three years is not a long time.

2）Ten dollars is what he needs.3）Five hundred miles is a long distance.

11、复数形式的专有名词作为整体看待（如人名、地点、国家、组织、书籍、报刊等），动词用单数形式。如：

1）The United States is in North America.

2）The United Nations has passed a resolution(决议)。

3）“The Arabian Nights”（《天方夜谭》）is an interesting book.

12、有些集体名词如family, team, group, class, audience（听众，观众），government等作主语时，如看作是一个整体，谓语动词则用单数形式；如强调各个成员时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：

1）My family is going to have a long journey.我家要进行一次长途旅行。

2）My family are fond of music. 我家人都喜欢音乐。

3）The class has won the honour. 这班获得了荣誉。

4）The class were jumping for joy. 全班同学都高兴得跳了起来。

13、all, more, most, some, any, none, half, the rest等作主语时，既可表示复数意义，也可表示单数意义，谓语动词要根据实际情况而定。如：

1）All of the apple is rotten. 整个苹果都烂了。

2）All of the apples are rotten. 所有的苹果都烂了。

3）Most of the wood was used to make furniture (家具)。

14、the + 形容词（或分词）作主语时，常指一类人，谓语动词用复数形式。如指的是抽象概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。如：

1）The young are usually very active. 年轻人通常是很活跃的。

2）The wounded are being taken good care of here now. 现在伤病员们在这里受到了很好照顾。

15、or, either…or…, neither…nor…, whether…or, not only…but (also)连接的是主语，谓语动词与后一个主语一致。如：

1）Either you or I am going to the movies.

2）Not only you but also he is wrong.

16、不可数名词没有复数形式，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如：

1）Water is a kind of matter.

2）The news at six o’clock is true.

17、集合名词如：people, police ,cattle等作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。如：
1）The police are searching for him.

2）The cattle are grassing (吃草)。

18、population当人口讲时，谓语动词用单数形式；当人们讲时，谓语动词用复数。如：

1）The population of China is larger than that of Japan.

2）One third of the population here are workers.

19、the number of + 名词复数，是表示“…的数字”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；a (large / great) number of + 名词复数，表示许多，作主语时；谓语动词用复数形式。

1）The number of the students in our school is increasing year after year.

2）A number of students have gone for an outing.

20、means, politics, physics, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

【专项训练】

1、Nothing but cars                  in the shop.

       A．is sold             B．are sold          C．were sold        D．are going to sell

2、No one except Jack and Tom              the answer.

       A．know              B．knows             C．is knowing      D．are known

3、Seventy percent of the students in our school                  from the countryside.

       A．is                    B．are                 C．comes             D．are coming

4、                       of the money               used up.

       A．Three-five, are                            B．Three-fifths, have been

       C．Three-fifths, has been                 D．Third-fifths, is

5、The number of the people who                  cars               increasing.

       A．owns, are B．owns, is          C．own, is           D．own, are

6、One of Marx’s works                   written in English in the 1860s.

       A．was                B．were        C．would be        D．are

7、The sheets for your bed               washing.

       A．needs              B．are needing     C．want              D．are wanting

8、On each side of the street                   a lot of trees.

       A．stands            B．grow        C．is standing      D．are grown

9、Some person                 calling for you at the gate.

       A．are                B．is                    C．is being          D．will be

10、All that can be eaten                 eaten up.

       A．are being        B．has been         C．had been        D．have been

11、Tom’s teacher and friend                  Mr. Smith.

       A．are                 B．is                    C．are being        D．has

12、Your new clothes fit you, but mine                  me.

       A．doesn’t fit      B．don’t fit         C．doesn’t fit for D．don’t fit for

13、Neither he nor I                  for the plan.

       A．am                 B．are                 C．is                    D．were

14、Many a student                  that mistake before.

       A．has made B．have made      C．has been made D．had made

15、Peter, perhaps John,                  playing with the little dog.

       A．is                    B．are                 C．were        D．seems

16、Laying eggs                 the ant queen’s full-time job.

       A．is                    B．are                 C．has                 D．have

17、Between the two buildings                       a monument.

       A．stand              B．stands             C．standing         D．is standing

18、I, who                  your good friend, will share your joys and sorrow.

       A．am                 B．is                    C．are                 D．was

17、Alexander Graham Bell invented                           telephone in 1876.

       A．×                  B．a                    C．the                 D．one

18、――Where’s Jack?

       ――I think he’s still in              bed, but he might just be in              bathroom.

       A．×;×             B．the; the          C．the; ×          D．×; the

19、Many people are still in      habit of writing silly things in           public places.

       A．the; the          B．×;×             C．the; ×          D．×; the

20、――I’d like                 information about the management of your hotel, please.

       ――Well, you could have           word with the manager. He might be helpful.

       A．some; a          B．an; some         C．some; some     D．an; a

【答案】：
1、B  air是不可数名词。

2、D  此题为97年高考题。根据句意，第一空是泛指，第一次出现；第二空仍是泛指，且表数量“－”。

3、D  元音前用an。

4、B  weather是不可数名词。

5、A  此题为85年高考题。泛指。

6、A  go to school是固定短语。

7、B  山脉、形容词最高级及世界上的唯一的名词前加定冠词。

9、C  第一空，科目前不加冠词；第二空特指，有定语。

10、C

11、A  第一空，a + 不可数名词表具体的介绍；第二空，trade不可数。

12、D  第一空是指有一位琼斯先生在您不在的时候来访。（括号里说明，我们俩都不认识这个人，因此不是特指。）第二空是固定短语，情绪不好。

13、C  第一空at dinner正在吃饭，固定短语。

14、A  泛指
15、C  此题是89年高考题：乐器前加定冠词；music是不可数名词。

16、A  此题是90年高考题：stars前应加定冠词；space不可数。

17、C  此题是91年高考题：发明应是特指。

18、D  此题是92年高考题。in bed是固定短语，不加冠词。

19、C  此题是93年高考题。第一空后有定语，固是特指。第二空， public places,公共场所，泛指。

20、A  此题是95年高考题。information是不可数名词；have a word with sb.是固定短语。

二、名词Nouns

知识要点：

1、专有名词：

1）China, Japan, Beijing, London, Tom, Jack（不加冠词）

2）the Great Wall, the Yellow River, the People’s Republic of China, the United States等。（由普通名词构成的专有名词，要加定冠词。）

26．(1)三只(2)分别向1、2、3号试管中注入1mL盐酸溶液，1mL NaOH溶液，1mL清水  (3)35℃温水；酶的催化作用需要适宜的温度  (4)取出试管，分别滴入1滴碘液并摇匀  (5)1、2号试管变蓝，淀粉未被分解，因为过酸过碱的环境都会影响唾液淀粉酶的活性，3号试管不变蓝，淀粉已被分解。

25．(1)使两者混合时温度一致，即酶催化反应温度维持恒定；(2)凝乳时间会延长，因为混合保温达到指定温度需一定时间；(3)说明在一定范围内(20℃～40℃)酶的活性随温度升高而升高；(4)①能凝乳    ②不能凝乳；(5)pH

24．（1）受反应液中的酶浓度的限制（写酶不足也给分）（2）酶反应的最适温度（3）温度升高使酶活性下降（4）速度加快　无催化反应（5）C

23．（1）A    B     （2）唾液中含唾液淀粉酶   C   （3）B