13.If we develop our study skills, we may find that learning a foreign language does not have to he twice as learning our mother tongue, but can in fact be twice as easy and a lot of fun.

fun 做名词，是不可数名词，意为“乐趣；有趣；娱乐”，常用短语for the fun of… 表示“为了……的乐趣”；have fun 表示“玩得开心”；It’s great fun to do… 表示“做……很有趣”；for fun/ in fun表示“开玩笑地”。例如：

What fun it is to have a game of basketball after a day of study at school!

在学校里学习一天之后打一场篮球比赛多有趣啊！

I said just for fun!

我那么说只是开玩笑！

fun与funny的区别：

fun做名词，意为“有意思；有趣的事”；funny做形容词，意为“滑稽的；有趣的；古怪的”。

He is wearing a funny hat; it is great fun.

他戴着一顶滑稽的帽子，真有趣。

12.If we want to become successful language learners ,we should try to adopt some of the study habits and characteristics described above.

adopt：

采取;采纳;吸收

After much deliberation, the president decided to adopt her suggestion.

总经理再三考虑之后,决定采纳她的建议。

过继,收养(+as)

Mr. Kern adopted the orphan as his own son.

克恩先生将那孤儿收养为自己的儿子。

挑选...为候选人(+as)

正式通过,接受

The agenda was adopted after some discussion.

经过讨论,议事日程获得通过。

11.They are more willing to take risks and to place themselves in new learning situation.

take a risk

(1) take a risk意为“冒险”，相当于run a risk或take risks。如果表达“冒……之险/冒险做某事”可用短语take a risk of doing sth。

You have to take/ run a lot of risks if you want to succeed in business.

如果想在生意上取得成功，就得冒许多风险。

I don’t want to run/ take the risk of meeting Peter, so I’ll stay here.

我不想冒险碰上彼得，所以我要待在这儿。

(2) risk还可以做动词，意为“冒失去……之险；使遭爱危险”，后常接名词或动名词做宾语。You are risking your health by smoking.

抽烟是拿你的健康去冒险。

相关归纳：

(1)at the risk of 冒……之险

He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.

他冒着生命危险救了我。

(2)at risk 在危险当中

The disease is spreading, and all children under 5 are at risk.

疾病正在蔓延,所有五岁以下的小孩都有被传染的危险。

(3)at one’s own risk 由自己负责

(4)at all risks = at any risk 无论冒什么危险；无论如何

10.The less anxious and more relaxed the learner ,the better their language acquisition.

anxious adj.

(1) anxious做形容词，意为“忧虑的；焦虑的；担心的；渴望的；急切希望的”，可与介词for，about连用，也可接不定式或that从句。常用短语：be anxious about表示“为……担忧”；be anxious for表示“渴望(了解)”；be anxious to do表示“急于做……”；be anxious that表示“渴望”，从句谓语用(should) do虚拟语气。

We are anxious about his safety.

我们为他的安全担忧。

Mary has been anxious for your return.

玛丽急切盼你回来。

He was anxious that the meeting on the following day should be a success.

他希望第二天的会议成功。

相关归纳：

be eager for 盼望；想得到

be worried about 为……忧虑(着急)

be concerned about/ for 对……担心；关心

be curious about 对……好奇

9.With greater control and a stronger sense of achievement, active learners are able to acquire new skills faster and put what they know to better use.

put … to use = bring … to use意为“加以利用……”,use做名词，常用短语：make full/ good/ little use of表示“充分/好好/几乎不利用”。

She’s certainly made the best use of her opportunities.

她确实充分利用了一切机会。

In my opinion, it’s the best use that could be made of the money.

在我看来，这就是对这笔钱的最好的使用。

相关归纳：

与use构成的常用短语和句型还有：

(1)It’s no use doing = It’s useless doing 做……没用处

It is no use waiting on , for he won’t come.

在等下去是没有用的，因为他不会来的。

(2)be in use 正在被使用；在使用中

This technique is still in wide use.

这一技术仍被广泛使用。

(3)be of use = be useful 有用处

(4)come into use 开始被使用

This method has come into wide use in this area.

这方法在这一地区已被广泛使用。

6.But once you consider the situation further, you will realize that this is indeed the case.

case做名词，意为“事例；实情；病例；案件;箱子”。

He is a typical case of the disabled people who have achieved success.

他是取得成功的残疾人中的一个典型的例子。

There are five cases of high fever.

有五个发精烧的病人。

He thought he had already solved the problem, but that was not the case.

他以为他已经解决了这个问题,可是实际情况并非如此。

The case was tried last Wednesday.

上星期三审判了该案件。

相关归纳：

(1)in this/ that case 在这种/那种情况下

In this case, let's start earlier.

既然这样,我们就早点开始。

(2)in any case不管怎样；无论如何

In any case, book the tickets first.

无论如何先把票订好。

(3)in no case决不(置句首时，需用倒装)

In no case shall we allow smoking in the classroom.

教室里决不允许吸烟。

(4)in case of如果；万一

In case of fire, ring the alarm bell.

万一发生火灾，拉响警铃。

(5)in case放在句首，引导条件状语从句，意为“假使；万一；要是……的话”，放在句中，引导目的状语从句，意为“以防”；in case还可单独用做状语或引导状语从句，意为“以防万一(以防某种情况)”。

Take an umbrella with you in case it rains/ it should rain.

带上雨伞，以防下雨。

7 ……..in other words , you were studying the language all day long!

in other words: “换句话说,也就是说.”指用另一种简单的方法或词语来解释同一观点或意见.

Your performance in the exam did not reach the required standard---in other words ,you failed.

相关归纳：

(1)in a word 总之　

In a word , the party is over. 一句话，聚会结束了。

(2)in one’s own words 用自己的话说

Tell the court what happened in your own words. 用你自己的话告诉法庭发生了什么事。

(3)be a man/ woman of his/ her word 　守信的人，说话算数的人，可靠的人 She is a woman of her word because she repaid the loan exactly when she said she would. 她是个守信的人，按照她说的时间还了贷款。

(4)break one’s word 失信

He broke his word and did not repay the loan. 他违背了诺言，没有归还借款。

(5)eat one’s words (被迫)收回某人的话，承认错误 He kept saying that he would win the tennis championship, but he lost and now he has to eat his words.

他坚持说他能赢得网球赛冠军，但他输了，现在他不得不承认他说错了话。

(6)have words with 与某人争论，发生口角 His behavior made me mad, so I had words with him.

他的所为把我气疯了，我跟他吵了一架。

(7)word for word 逐字地，一字不变地

She told me exactly what he said, word for word. 她一字不差地告诉我他所说的话。

(8)word play 双关语

The word play in his writing is very witty. 他作品中的双关语诙谐风趣。

(9)keep one’s word 遵守诺言　

You can trust her to keep her word. 你可以相信她会信守诺言的。 8.You did this for five years ,so that is awful lot of hours.

awful adj.

主要用法：

(1)可怕的；讨厌的(very bad；unpleasant)

awful weather/ book/ food讨厌的天气/书/食物

(2)极大的

an awful lot of极多的，相当于a very large amount of。

如： an awful lot of work相当多的工作

(3)(身体)不舒服的

look/ feel/awful相当于look/ feel ill

　“你看起来不舒服”可以用以下句子表达：

You don’t look well today.

You don’t feel quite yourself.

You look awful.

You look pale.

派生词：awfully adv.非常，很，十分

It’s awfully cold(very).天气真冷。

5.…….perhaps most puzzling of all, how were we able to make sense of what we heard and distinguish the mistakes and from “good” language.

make sense of 弄懂…的意思

I can’t make sense of this poem, but perhaps I will if I read it again. 我弄不懂这首诗的意义，但我再读一遍或许就能读懂了。

make sense 有意义，有道理，讲得通 Talk slowly; you’re not making sense. 请讲慢些，你没把意思说清楚。 相关归纳:

(1)have a/ no sense of 有/没有……感(觉)

She has no sense of time.

她没有时间观念。

Your brother has a good sense of humor.

你兄弟很有幽默感。

He is free from any sense of responsibility.

他丝毫没有责任感。

(2)in a sense 在某种意义上；在一定程度上

I write many letters and keep a journal, so in a sense I’m a writer. 我写许多信并记日记，因此从某种意义上说我就是作家。

(3)in no sense 决不

(4)come to one’s sense 清醒过来

She fell and fainted, but soon came to her senses. 她跌倒后昏过去，但不久就苏醒过来了。

Too much beer and wine was ruining his life; he finally came to his senses and stopped. 过度饮酒使他的身体每况愈下，他最终明白后便停止了酗酒。

(5)six sense 第六感官

His six sense told him that something was wrong, and sure enough, his car had been stolen.

他的第六感官告诉他出意外事情了。确实，他的汽车被盗了。

(6)common sense 常识,见识

Show some common sense; stay home if you’re sick. 表现得懂事些，你如果生病了，就呆在家里休息。

4. Every time I take part in a group discussion of try to speak English to someone, I find it difficult to express myself.

　(1) every time意为“每次”，相当于each time，引导时间状语从句，意为“每当……的时候”。

Every time he came to Shanghai, he would pay a visit to her.

每次他来上海，总要去拜访她。

相关归纳：

与every time用法类似的词语还有：each time，next minute，the instant，the moment，the last time，the first time，instantly，directly，immediately等也可以引导时间状语从句，表示“一……就”，从句用一般时代替将来时。

The moment I see him, I’ll tell him.

我一见到他就告诉他。

He left a deep impression on me the first time I met him.

我第一次见到他时，就给我留下了很深的印象。

Be sure to call on us next time you come here.

下次来这儿请一定来找我们。

(2) find + it +adj./ n. + to do … 在这句型中，it做形式宾语，形容词或名词做宾补，不定式短语做真正的宾语。可用于此句型的动词还有think，feel，make，consider等。

He found it impossible to finish the work I a day.

他发现在一天内完成那项任务是不可能的。

We considered it a great honour to have been invited here.

我们认为被邀请到这儿很荣幸。

3.I used to like it ,but now I feel as if I’m not making any progress.

.progress 不可数名词　

短语搭配：

(1)make progress 进步，前进

Progress is being made in building a new highway around the city. 新环城公路的建设正在向前推进。

(2)in progress 进行中

The meeting is in progress now.

会议正在进行。

An inquiry is now in progress. 调查工作此刻正在进行中。

注意：progress还可以用作动词“前进，进步，进展”

He is progressing nicely in his study of French. 他的法语学习进展顺利。　

Her disease has progressed more quickly than the doctors expected. 她的病情发展得比医生们预料的要快。

The work is progressing steadily.

工作在稳步地取得进展。

2.Reading something in English ,I always get stuck when I come across a new word.

stick的用法:

(1)vt. 刺;戮;

Don’t stick pins into the chair!

别把别针插入椅子里！

钉住;插牢

粘贴;张贴

They stuck the notice on the wall.

他们把通知贴在墙上。

伸,伸出

Don't stick your head out of the train window.

不要把头伸出火车窗外面。

(通常用于疑问句和否定句)容忍,忍受+v-ing

I can't stick such people.

我无法容忍那种人。

使停止;阻塞

The car was stuck in the snow.

那辆小汽车陷入雪中。

vi.

粘住;钉住

Several pages have stuck together.

几页纸粘在一起了。

This stamp won't stick.

这张邮票贴不上。

陷住;梗塞;被困住

A fish-bone stuck in his throat.

他喉咙里卡了一根鱼刺。

伸出;突出(+from)

What's that sticking out of your pocket?

你口袋里伸出来的是什么东西?

(2)做名词，意为“棍；棒；手杖”。

Since the accident she has walked with a stick.

自从那次事故以后她不得不拄着拐杖走路。