8.某探险家牵着自己的狗进入一个山洞去探险。当走进洞底时，他发现狗突然晕倒在地。试简要回答：

(1) 用你所学过的知识解释其原因：　　　　　　　　　　；

(2) 在采取了必要的安全措施后，他如何用最简单的方法收集一集气瓶洞底的气体带回实验室进行研究：　　　　　　　　　　　　　　。

7.实验室摆放着如下一排仪器；

(1)仪器E的名称是____________，使用该仪器时应当注意(写一条即可)：　　　　

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ，可以用它直接加热的仪器是(填序号)________。

(2)你认为利用上面给出的这些仪器能制取哪些气体(写一种即可)_________。

假如小红在实验室中利用上述仪器中的A，B，C，F，H去制取某种气体，你猜她想制取的气体是(写一种即可)____________________。

6.根据实验装置图，回答下列问题：

⑴实验室用排空气法收集氧气可选用　　　 装置(用编号回答)。

⑵实验室用KMnO₄制氧气的反应方程式为　　 　　　 　 　　 　　　　　　　。用KMnO₄制氧气的实验中，如果发现试管破裂，原因可能是　　 　　　　　　　　　

　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(填操作失误方面的原因)。

⑶可选用　　 装置除去CO中混有的CO₂(用编号回答)；该装置中最好盛　 　　　溶液。

⑷实验室用无水醋酸钠固体和固体碱石灰加热制取甲烷气体。甲烷的密度比空气小，不溶于水。制取甲烷的发生、收集装置可选用　　　　　 　和　　　　　　　 (用编号回答)。

⑸F装置可收集和储备氢气，若用水将装置中的氢气排出，水应从(填a或b) 　　端通入。

5.集气瓶被誉为“万能瓶”，如下图装置是其中的一种。当被收集的气体从a口进入时，瓶内空气从b口排出，相当于向上排空气法收集气体。现若将被收集的气体从b口进入，则它可收集的气体为：①H₂ 　②CH₄　 ③CO₂ (　 )

A.只有①　　　　　　　　　　　　 B.只有①和②

C.只有③　　　　　　　　　　　　 D①②③均可

4.在下图装置中，烧瓶中充满干燥气体a，将滴管中的液体b挤入烧瓶内，轻轻振荡烧瓶，然后打开弹簧夹p，烧杯中的液体b呈喷泉状喷出，最终几乎充满烧瓶，则a和b分别是

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　 )

3.已知在常温下，一氧化氮是一种难溶于水的气体，密度比空气略大，与空气中的氧气迅速反应生成二氧化氮。若要收集一瓶一氧化氮，下列采用方法中，正确的是　　 (　 )

A. 排水法　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 B. 向上排空气法　

C. 排水法或向上排空气法　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 D. 排水法或向下排空气法

2.下列四瓶气体存放方法正确的是　　　　　　　 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　(　 )

1.实验室用锌粒和酸反应制取氢气时，可选用的酸是　　　　　　　　　　　　　 (　 )

A.碳酸　　　　　 B.硝酸　　　　　 C.浓硫酸　　　　　　　 D.稀硫酸

Text1

(Wind noises) 录音时注意此处请加上有风吹的背景

W: Oh, God! I thought it was supposed to get warmer today.

M: I thought so, too. That’s what the weatherman said.

W: It must be the wind that makes it so cold. I’m freezing!

Text2

W: Is this where I catch the bus for the zoo？

M: You can take a T-30 from here, but then you have to walk six blocks.

W: That’s bad. I’m too tired. Maybe I should take a taxi.

Text3

M: One step left. Good! Look at the building and point to it. Great! Lift your head a bit, Fantastic!

W: Is it done?

M: Yes, perfectly! Wait for one minute and you’ll see the picture!

Text4

M: How was the job interview? I think you’ll make a good journalist. I remember you as the best writer in the class.

W: Well, in fact, my application was turned down. They were looking for people with experience in the profession.

Text5

W: Can you say something on the matter? You are the only person who knows what really happened.

M: That’s not quite true. Stan Bailey was there, too.

W: Oh. Was he?

M: Well, actually, he wasn’t there all the time, but still I think he can give something valuable in sight.

Text6

M: Where are you from?

W: The United States. I live in New York.

M: Oh, really? I think it’s a big city with a large population, right? By the way, do you like it?

W: Yeah. I think it’s the only place to live.

M: Why do you say that?

W: You see, there’s always something exciting to do, and it’s never boring.

M: My place isn’t boring, either, You can fish, hike, grow some flowers and vegetables – all kinds of things, if you like, though it’s small and quiet.

W: I guess so, especially here in New Zealand.

Text7

M: Are you quite independent of your parents now?

W: Yes, as soon as I left school and started my study as a nurse, I stopped asking my parent for money since I got financial support from the government, but I still stay with them a lot.

M: You seem very close to your parents?

W: I am. They never force me to do anything I didn’t want to do. What about you?

M: Well, I am also fond of my family, but I don’t always get on very well with them, they try to control me too much.

W: But they allow you to come to study in England on your own.

M: Yes, but only after a lot of persuasion. Your parents treat you as an adult, mine treat me as a child.

Text8

W: I saw you on the news last night, Jack. So tell us what happened?

M: Well, I was walking alone on the beach when I heard someone calling out for help. I looked up, and saw a little boy up on the cliff, stuck there.

W: What did you do then?

M: Well, my first thought was to run and get help, but the boy was crying, looking as if he would fall off the cliff at any moment. So I climbed up to get him down. The rocks were very loose. You know, and I even slipped a couple of times.

W: Sounds scary. What happened next?

M: I reached the boy but couldn’t get him down. We were both stuck.

W: So what did you do?

M: Well, I called for help. Pretty soon there was a small crowd on the beach but no one knew what to do. And then someone called the Coast Rescue Service.

W: Wow! That was really adventurous.

Text9

W: You’re so involved. What are you reading?

M: You know Snoopy? That lovely dog always tells us the truth of life in his simple words.

W: I like the Snoopy series, too. I thought you wouldn’t like cartoons. Don’t you feel them too childish?

M: Not at all. Cartoons are fun not only for kids, but also for adults.

W: I quite agree. We adults need simple and interesting things in our stressful lives.

M: I like cartoon movies, too. Many of them are great works.

W: Me too! What’s your favourite one?

M: Ice Age. It’s fantastic!

W: Tell me something about the movie. I’ve heard about it, but I’ve never seen it.

M: Oh, really? It’s a rather old movie, coming out around 2003. It’s so classical that you shouldn’t have missed it. It’s a story about what happens to a group of animals at the end of the Ice Age. The pictures are beautiful, and the whole movie is very imaginative.

W: Are there just animals? No humans?

M: There are only a few humans. Not as hateful as they are in other cartoon movies.

W: Oh, I cannot wait to see it.

M: I have a DVD of this film. I’ll bring it to you tomorrow.

W: Thank you very much!

Text10

Twin sisters are supposed to be very much alike, are they not? Well, my twin sister Jane and I do look alike. However, we are different in many ways. I care little about clothes. T-shirts and blue jeans are my favorite clothes. My sister often dresses like a model. We have very similar characters in most ways. I don’t get angry and enjoy being with friends. In this respect, my twin sister feels the same. But she likes loud music and modern dances while I find that night clubs give me a headache. She is always with friends, is the favorite of our teachers and never wants to have children. I prefer to be alone at times, don’t really try to please my teachers and want to some day to have a family of my own. We have tried to live in the same room several times and even agreed on the color we like best and the kind of furniture we want. But I like to keep things neat and orderly while my twin sister acts as if there were a servant around to pick up all the things that get thrown on the floor. I like to go to bed early and get up early. She often goes to bed very late and then sleeps late next day.

38、(共32分)

(1)背景：两次鸦片战争的失败和太平天国运动的兴起。(或内忧外患)(2分)措施：开展洋务运动(2分)。主要内容：创办近代军事工业和民用企业以求富强，派遣留学生出国和办洋务学堂以培养人才，编练新式海军以巩固国防等(4分)结果：甲午战败破产，没有达到自强求富的目的(2分)

(2)重大事件：戊戌变法和辛亥革命(2分)。政治目标：戊戌变法是君主立宪制。(或辛亥革命：民主共和制)(2分)。

(3)时间范围：　19世纪末(2分)。世界背景：第二次工业革命时期，主要资本主义国家先后进入帝国主义阶段(2分)影响：加紧对中国的侵略，如中日甲午战争、八国联军侵华战争、掀起对中国的瓜分狂潮等。(2分)　

(4)事件：辛亥革命(2分)。成功：取得了武昌起义的胜利，成立中华民国，结束封建君主专制，民主共和观念深入人心。(2分)失败：没有完成反帝反封建的革命任务，空有“共和”名誉，依旧徘徊在半殖民地半封建社会的道路上。(2分)

(5)影响：阻碍了中国近代进程。(2分)例如：在洋务运动中，顽固派阻挠修建铁路、反对派遣留学生出国等；在戊戌变法中，发生戊戌政变，导致变法失败；辛亥革命的果实被袁世凯窃取，革命成功被一一葬送，逐渐走上了复辟帝制的道路等(4分)

39(共20分)

(1)方式：自耕农经济(个体小农经济)(2分)。特点：家庭为单位，自给自足，男耕女织(6分)。

(2)新现象：出现区域性商人群体，商业资本活跃(2分)。因素：自强不息的进取精神，诚信为本的经营道德等。(答敬业、进取。守信、讲义等或其它符合题意的答案同样正确)(2分)

(3)观点：农业是本业、商业是末业(2分)。影响：强化了自然经济，阻碍了商品经济和资本主义萌芽的发展。导致中国被远远甩在世界工业文明的后面(4分)

(4)认识：正确处理好农、工、商的关系，重视商业的作用(1分)。要遵循诚信为本的经商子道，要有自强不息的进取精神等。(1分)