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江西省高安中学20082009学年度下学期期中考试

高二年级化学试题(奥)

命题人:          审题人:

相对原子质量:H-1    C―12  O―16  Na―23   S―16

试题详情

2009届高考化学:常用化学药品性质和贮存

常用化学药品性质

(1)化学药品性质:

1. 硫酸:H2SO4,无色油状液体,比重15℃时1.837(1.84)。

在30-40℃发烟;在290℃沸腾。浓硫酸具有强烈地吸水性,因此它是优良的干燥剂。

2. 硝酸:HNO3,无色液体,比重15℃时1.526、沸点86℃。红色发烟硝酸是红褐色、苛性极强的透明液体,在空气中猛烈发烟并吸收水份。

3. 盐酸:HCl,无色具有刺激性气味,在17℃时其比重为1.264(对空气而言)。

沸点为-85.2。极易溶于水。

4. 硝酸银:AgNO3-无色菱形片状结晶,比重4.3551,208.5℃时熔融、灼热时分解。如没有有机物存在的情况下,见光不起作用,否则变黑。易溶于水和甘油。能溶于酒精、甲醇及异丙醇中。几乎不溶于硝酸中。有毒!

5. 过硫酸铵:(NH4)2S2O8-无色甩时略带浅绿色的薄片结晶,溶于水。

6. 氯化亚锡:SnCl2无色半透明的结晶物质(菱形晶系)比重3.95、241℃时熔融、603.25℃时沸腾。能溶于水、酒精、醚、丙酮、氮杂苯及醋酸乙酯中。在空气中相当稳定。

7. 重铬酸钾:K2CrO7-橙红色无水三斜晶系的针晶或片晶,比重2.7,能溶于水。

8. 王水:无色迅速变黄的液体,腐蚀性极强,有氯的气味。配制方法:3体积比重为1.19的盐酸与1体积比重为1.38-1.40的硝酸,加以混合而成。

9. 活性炭:黑色细致的小粒(块),其特点具有极多的孔洞。1克活性炭的表面积约在10或1000平方米之间,这就决定了活性炭具有高度的吸附性。

10. 氯化钠:NaCl-白色正方形结晶或细小的结晶粉末,比重2. 1675,熔点800℃、沸点1440℃。溶于水而不溶酒精。

11. 碳酸钠:Na2CO3?10H2O-无色透明的单斜晶系结晶,比重1.5;溶于水,在34℃时具有最大的溶解度。

12. 氢氧化钠:NaOH-无色结晶物质,比重2.20,在空气中很快地吸收二氧化炭及水份潮解后变成碳酸钠。易溶于水。

13. 硫酸铜:CuSO4?5H2O-三斜晶系的蓝色结晶,比重2.29。高于100℃时即开始失去结晶水。220℃时形成无水硫酸铜,它是白色粉末,比重3.606,极易吸水形成水化物。

14. 硼酸:H3BO3-是六角三斜晶白色小磷片而有珠光,比重为1.44。能溶于水、酒精(4%)、甘油及醚中。

15. 氰化钾:KCN-无色结晶粉末:比重1.52,易溶于水中。有毒!

16. 高猛酸钾:KnMO4-易形成浅红紫色近黑色的菱形结晶,具有金属光泽,比重2.71。能溶于水呈深紫色、十分强的氧化剂。

17. 过氧化氢:H2O2-无色稠液体,比重1.465(0℃时),具有弱的酸性反应。

18. 氯化钯:PdCl2?2H2O-红褐色的菱形结晶,易失水。

19. 氢氟酸:HF-易流动的、收湿性强的无色液体,比重在12.8℃时0.9879。在空气中发烟。其蒸汽具有十公强烈的腐蚀性及毒性!

20. 碱式碳酸铜:CuC03?Cu(OH)2-浅绿色细小颗粒的无定形粉末,比重3.36-4.03。不溶于水,而溶于酸。也能溶于氰化物、铵盐及碱金属碳酸盐的水溶液中而形成铜的络合物

21. 重铬酸铵:(NH4)Cr2O7-橙红色单斜晶系结晶。比重2.15。易溶于水及酒精。

22. 氨水:氨水是无色液体,比水轻具有氨的独特气味和强碱性反应。

23. 亚铁氰化钾(黄血盐):K4Fe(CN)6?3H2O-浅黄色的正方形小片或八面体结晶,比重1.88。在空气中稳定。

24. 铁氰化钾(赤血盐):K3Fe(CN)6-深红色菱形结晶:比重1.845。能溶于水,水溶液遇光逐渐分解而形成K4Fe(CN)6。在碱性介质中为强氧化剂。

(2) 常用试纸性质:

1. 碘淀粉试纸:遇氧化剂即变蓝(特别是游离卤化物),因此,可以检查这些物质。

2. 刚果试纸:在酸性介质中变蓝,而在碱性介质中变红(在PH=2―3时,则由蓝色转变成红色。

3. 石蕊试纸:为浅蓝紫色(蓝色)或紫玫瑰色(红色)的试纸,其颜色遇酸性介质变蓝色而遇碱性介质变成红色。PH=6-7时则产生颜色变化。

4. 醋酸铅试纸:遇硫化氢即变黑(形成硫化铅),可以用来检查微量的硫化氢。

5. 酚酞试纸:白色酚酞试纸在碱性介质中则变为深红色。

6. 橙黄I试纸:在酸性介质中则变为玫瑰色红色,酸值在1.3-3. 2的范围内,则则由红色转变为黄色。

 

常见化学药品的贮存

硝酸固碘硝酸银,低温避光棕色瓶。液溴氨水易挥发,阴凉保存要密封。

白磷存放需冷水,钾钠钙钡煤油中,碱瓶需用橡皮塞,塑铅存放氟化氢。

易变质药放时短,易燃易爆避火源。实验室中干燥剂,蜡封保存心坦然。

解释:

1、硝酸固碘硝酸银,低温避光棕色瓶:意思是说硝酸、固体碘和硝酸银都属于受热见光易分解的物质,所以必须存放在棕色瓶里,并放在阴凉处。

2、碱瓶需用橡皮塞:意思是说盛放碱液的试剂瓶要用橡皮塞。

3、塑铅存放氟化氢:意思是说氟化氢(氢氟酸)易腐蚀玻璃,因而必须存放在塑料或铅制器皿中。

4、易变质药放时短:意思是说易变质的药品存放时间较短,即不能长久贮存,最好现用现配制[联想:常见易变质的药品有:①氢硫酸放久了,则大部分将挥发,部分被空气氧化;②氯水长期存放将因慢慢分解而失效;③亚铁盐长期存放,则易被氧化为铁盐;④酸化的高锰酸钾溶液长期存放则慢慢退色]。

5、易燃易爆避火源:意思是说易燃物质(如:二硫化碳、酒精、丙酮、苯、硫、磷、镁粉等)和易爆炸的物质(如:氯酸钾、硝酸铵等)存放时要远离火源。

6、实验室中干燥剂,蜡封保存心坦然:意思是说实验室中用的干燥剂极易吸水,因而要用蜡封保存。

 

试题详情

哈尔滨市第九中学2009年第三次高考模拟考试

英  语

本试卷分第I卷 (选择题) 和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。考试用时120分钟,共150分。            考试结束,将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。

注意事项:

1.答题前,考生在答题卡上务必用直径 0.5 毫米黑色墨水签字笔将自己的姓名、准考证号填写清楚,并贴好条形码.请认真核准条形码上的准考证号、姓名和科目。

2.每小题选出答案后,用 2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动,用橡皮擦干净后,再选涂其他答案标号.在试题卷上作答无效。

第一部分:听力理解(共两节,满分30分)

第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后,你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话你将听一遍。

1. What season are they in now?

A. Early winter.    B. Early spring.    C. Late autumn.

2. What sports does the woman like better?

A. Golf.          B. Tennis.         C. Don’t know.

3. What is John doing?

A. Listening to a wonderful music.

B. Playing a certain musical instrument.   C. Reading a book on music.

4. What can we learn from this conversation?

A. Helen agrees to go on picnic tomorrow.

B. Helen doesn’t enjoy going on picnic.

C. Helen thinks the weather won’t be good for picnic.

5. How did the woman read the book?

  A. She read it slowly.   B. She read it selectively.  C. She finished it without stop.

第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几道小题,从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前,你将有5秒钟时间阅读每小题。听完后,每小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白你将听两遍。

听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。

6. What is the main topic of the conversation?

  A. Friends      B. Sea birds.    C. A trip.

7. Why does the woman like going to the beach?

  A. Because she wants to sit in the sun.

  B. Because she is fond of watching the waves.

C. Because she enjoys observing sea birds.

8. When do they plan to meet again?  A. Saturday.    B. One year later.  C. Friday.

 

 

听第7段材料,回答第9至10题。

9. Where does the conversation take place?

   A.  At a supermarket.   B. In an office.    C.  At a railway station

10. What do we know about the man?

   A. He is a manager.    B. He is a new comer.    C. He is late for work

听第8段材料,回答第11至14题。

11. What is Tim’s attitude towards Christmas?

   A. Positive           B. Interested.          C. Passive.

12. What didn’t Tim enjoy Christmas?

   A. He was too busy to enjoy it.

   B. He had to pay a lot of money for it.   C. His kids enjoy it.

13. How much money is the average Christmas expense for U.S. families?

   A. $550.         B. $515.          C. $500.

14. Which of the following is not mentioned according to the dialogue?

   A. Family reunion.      B. Holidays.     C. Presents.

听第9段材料,回答第15至17题。

15. Where does this conversation most likely take place?

A. At a science conference.

B. In a science laboratory.         C. In a professor’s office

16. Why has the woman come to this place?

A. To work on a project.

B. To talk with Professor Johnston.        C. To prepare for her presentation.

17. What does the woman say about her recent life?

    A. She’s been busy with her classes.

    B. She’s been working on the final paper.   C. She’s been working with George.

听第10段材料,回答第18至20题。

18. What had the speaker done before he wrote the letter?

   A. He had played tennis.

   B. He had taken some exams.    C. He had fed cats.

19. What can we learn from the weather then?

   A. Hot        B. Rainy       C. Warm and sunny.

20. For whom does their family cook buy fish every day?

   A. For cats.    B. For their family.   C. For herself.

第二部分  英语知识运用(共两节,满分45分)

第一节  单项填空(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)

21. Here came ____ word that Obama was elected ____ president of USA.

A. a; the      B. /; the    C. the; /       D. /; /

22 ---Can I have two bottles of beer please?

   ----______. That'll be$20, please.

    A. Come on.      B. With pleasure   C. Don't mention it.    D. There you are.

23. ----People in China celebrate the Spring Festival. How about western countries?

----They_____ Christmas.

A.congratulate  B. observe  C. enjoy  D. spend

24. ----I’ll be waiting for you at home.

   ----_______ I were busy and couldn’t come?

A. What when     B. What if    C. How if      D. How when

25. ----Where shall we spend this evening?

----One of my friends will _____in the hotel for the night.

A.     fix us up  B. put us away  C. make us up  D. pick us up

26. ----Did you feel happy when you got the gift---keyboard from your son?

   ----Of course I was the proudest mother ______ on that day.

      A. only  B. still  C. ever  D. even

27. ----His film The Lord of the Ring is really wonderful.

----Absolutely! I’m sure that ______ else can match it

A.no one       B.none       C.nothing       D.nobody

28. ―Hello,Ben, I’m just checking if you can pick up Mary at the airport this evening.

   ―Oh,yes,I______ you about that.But I have to go to my daughter’s school play.

      A.will phone                                  B.have phoned

C.am phoning                               D.was going to phone

29. ----The old people each     get a very nice present from our manager on their birthdays

    -----Great !It must be a big surprise to them.

A.must           B shall            C.would        D  should

30.  It’s ____ breakouts of bird flu that many monitoring station have been set up.

     A. controlled    B. to control     C. controlling      D. having controlled

31. ----Do you know my friend Harry?

   ----You mean the guy who _____ in America for four years.

   ---- Yes, and later he went to Australia.

A. has lived           B. lives         C. had lived       D. lived

32.  I’ll never forget such an attractive city        I spent many happy hours there with my classmates last summer holidays.

        A.that           B.where       C.in which            D. because

33. The moment Obama came into power, his unique foreign policy _____his best qualities.

    A. brought about   B. brought in  C. brought out  D. brought up

34. Much to his surprise, he invited only twenty friends to the dinner,but       came.

    A.twice as many as     B.as many as twice

    C.twice as many       D.twice more than

35. ----How is the man injured in the earthquake?

   ----The doctor said if _____ in a proper way, he was likely to be saved.

A. treated    B. treating    C. is treated   D. to be treated

第二节 完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分

阅读下面短文,掌握其大意,然后从36―55题各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

Walking down a path through some woods in Georgia, I saw a water puddle (泥潭) ahead on the path. I changed my __36__ to go around it on the part of the path that wasn’t covered by water and mud. As I reached the puddle, I was suddenly __37__! I was startled as well as unhurt, __38__ having been struck four or five times already. I _ 39   up a foot and my attacker stopped attacking me. Instead of attacking more, he circled in the air on   40  butterfly wings in front of me. Had I been hurt, I wouldn’t have found it __41__. It was funny, and I was laughing.  _42  , I was being attacked by a butterfly!

Having stopped __43 _, I took a step forward. My attacker rushed me again. He rammed me in the chest with his head and body with all his __44__. This time, I stepped back several paces to look the __45__ over. My attacker moved back as well to land on the ground. That’s _46 I discovered why my attacker was __47__ me only moments earlier. He had a mate and she was __48__. She was beside the puddle where he landed.

He had attacked me for his mate’s sake, __49__she was clearly dying and I was so large. He did so just to give her those extra few__50__ moments of life, should I have been careless enough to __51__ on her. Now I knew why and what he was fighting for. I couldn’t do anything other than __52__ him by walking in the more __53__ side of the puddle.

__54__ then, I’ve always tried to remember the courage of that butterfly whenever I see large obstacles facing me. I use that butterfly’s courage to __55__ myself that good things are worth fighting for.

 

36. A. mind

B. direction

C. pace

D. speed

37. A. caught

B. lost

C. stopped

D. attacked

38. A. despite

B. except

C. without

D. besides

39. A. hurried

B. picked

C. backed

D. took

40. A. transparent

B. forceful

C. graceful

D. fragile

41. A. amusing

B. amazing

C. terrifying

D. confusing

42. A. To be frank

B. In an instant

C. After all

D. As a result

43. A. fighting

B. walking

C. observing

D. laughing

44. A. wisdom

B. strength

C. enthusiasm

D. efforts

45. A. situation

B. attacker

C. puddle

D. trouble

46. A. how

B. where

C. when

D. why

47. A. noticing

B. charging

C. attracting

D. hunting

48. A. flying

B. hatching

C. sleeping

D. dying

49. A. if only

B. even though

C. so that

D. in case

50. A. worthwhile

B. enjoyable

C. precious

D. peaceful

51. A. pause

B. fall

C. knock

D. step

52. A. reward

B. help

C. avoid

D. please

53. A. narrow

B. difficult

C. different

D. smooth

54. A. Only

B. Just

C. Since

D. After

55. A. concentrate

B. remind

C. teach

D. inform

第三部分:阅读理解(共20小题;每小题2分,满分40分)

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中,选出最佳选项,并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A

Dogs that can take out cash from ATMs and empty washing machines help disabled people lead more independent lives, but can they also help change disruptive (爱捣乱的) teenagers’ behaviour?

A unique TV experiment, “Dog House”, follows five unruly youngsters as they are taught to become dog trainers. The idea is simple. Kids really like dogs. But can the skills involved in training them―patience, consistency, rewarding good behaviour―give these teenagers the discipline they need in their own lives?

The teens involved were put forward by local schools in West Sussex, who had run out of ideas of how to deal with them.

Liam was typical―14 years old, bad-tempered, aggressive, foul mouthed and about to be permanently excluded from school. Allie, Rob and Ellie had similar problems―they couldn’t concentrate, they didn’t like being told what to do and they had serious anger problems. Katrina was different. She was so shy that she had developed fear of the outside world, she suffered from depression and had taken herself out of main-stream education.

Gradually, working with the dogs began to have an effect on the kids. But, in order to fully appreciate the significance of what they were doing, they needed to meet the disabled people who benefited from having these dogs. The meetings had a profound influence on the teenagers. After meeting Eileen Hobson and her dog Sailor, Liam changed his ways and his unlikely friendship with severely disabled wheelchair user Eileen blossomed.

Two months into the course Liam began to connect with the dogs too―particularly a young yellow Labrador called Aero. The relationship flourished so much that the dog often knew instinctively what the teenager wanted him to do before he’d even asked. “He just knows,” says Liam.

Liam’s school noticed a huge change in his whole outlook. His teacher Nick Brown said, “More than anything I see a confident and happy young man. It’s been excellent.”

56.The teens were selected to be dog trainers just because ________

A.they liked dogs very much

B.they came from the same local school

C.they ran out of ideas of how to behave in school

D.their teachers had some difficulty in dealing with them

57.What was Katrina’s problem?

A.She didn’t like being told what to do.

B.She had serious anger problems.

C.She was bad tempered and aggressive.

D.She had trouble in getting along with others because of her shyness.

58.The underlined word “ blossomed” in the fifth paragraph probably has the same meaning as ________

A.developed     B.decorated     C.expanded    D.declined

59.From the passage we know that ________

A.all dogs can retrieve cash from ATMs   

B.unruly youngsters can become good dog trainers

C.the skills in training dogs can really affect children’s behavior in school

D.the five teenagers were sullen and aggressive

B

Authorities did not release the gunman’s name, but Peter said he had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.

DeKalb county coroner(验尸官)Dennis J. Miller on Friday released the identities of the four victims who died in the county: Daniel Parmenter, 20, of Westchester; Catalina Garcia, 20, of Cicero; RyanneMace, 19, of Carpenters-ville; and Julianna Gehant, 32, of Meridan.

“Two other victims died after being transferred to hospitals in other counties”, Miller said. Witnesses said the gunman, dressed in black and wearing a stocking cap, emerged (浮现)from behind a screen on the stage of 200-seat Cole Hall and opened fire just as the class was about to end around 3 p.m.

Officials said 162 students were registered for the class but it was unknown how many were there on Thursday.

Allyse Jerome, 19, a sophomore (大二学生)from Shaumburg, said the gunman burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.

“Honestly, at first everyone thought it was a joke,” Jerome said. Everyone hit the floor, she said. Then she got up and ran, but tripped. She said she felt like “an open target”.

“He could have decided to get me, ” Jerome said on Friday. “I thought for sure he was going to get me.”

Lauren Carr said she was sitting in the third row when she saw the shooter walk through a door on the right-hand side of the stage, pointing a gun straight ahead.

“I personally army-crawled halfway up the passage,” said Carr, a 20-year-old sophomore. “I said I could get up and run or I could die here.”

She said a student in front of her was bleeding, “but he just kept running”.

More than a hundred students cried and hugged as they gathered outside the Phi Kappa Alpha house early Friday morning to remember Dan Parmenter, who was one of those killed.

60.Which of the following is true according to the passage?

A.Everyone thought it was a joke when the gunman appeared in front of them.

B.Peter had no record of police contact or an arrest record while attending Northern Illinois.

C.162 students were attending a lecture when the gunman emerged from behind the screen.

D.The gunman opened fire as soon as the class came to an end.

61.Who of the following is the witness?

A.Peters    B.Dennis J. Miller    C.Dan Parmenter    D.Lauren Carr

62.What was the first thing that Jerome did when she saw the gunman?

A.She got up and ran out of the room.    

B.She hit the floor.

C.She burst through a stage door and pulled out a gun.  

D.She tripped and became an “open target”.

63.What is the best title of the passage?

A.Witnesses Tell of Horrible Experience    B.A Cruel Shooter  

C.162 Killed in an Accident           D.An Unknown Gunman

 

                                    C

You Can’t Do It Even If It Hurts Nobody

    Who do you think breaks the law in our society?If you believe that only tough guys commit crimes,you may have to think again.Unlike in the movies,we can’t divide the world into bad guys and model citizens.Real life is much more complex.In the same way that diseases range from the common cold to fatal forms of cancer,crimes vary in degree.For example,smoking in an elevator will inconvenience people.but much less than threatening them with a gun.

    In addition to breaking the law themselves,people tolerate various levels of crime.Why are we tolerant of some crimes?It may be that,by seeing others do something,we accept it more easily.For instance,most people will find it easier to speed on a highway when everybody else is driving over the speed limit.So the people around us influence how much law-breaking we can tolerate.

    We must also wonder whether seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day makes us tolerate crime more than we should.We become used to seeing blood on the news on television,or in magazines.Because we see thousands of dead people on TV,maybe we just try to ignore the situation behind the violence.

If so many citizens tolerate violence and crime,or even commit crimes themselves,it may simply be because of the human mind. Our minds may not care about specific laws.Instead,our minds may have a system of values that usually prevents us from hurting other people to improve our own lives.Yet,when it comes to respecting the rights of a mass of unknown individuals,we might not be so responsible.While most people would not steal a wallet containing$50,they may not mind cheating on taxes,because cheating on taxes does not hurt any one person.It hurts society,but “society” remains an abstract idea that is not as real as a neighbor or a friend’s friend.

    When we realize that many people have misconceptions about law-breaking,we could think it isn’t surprising that so many people have criminal records.How could we improve the level of honesty in our society?Would severe laws help make our society better?Probably not.Honesty will have to come from social pressure: in the family,at school,on the job,each and every one of us can encourage honesty by showing which behaviors are unacceptable.And teaching respect should become everyone’ s responsibility.

64.According to the author,“Real life is much more complex” probably means

    A.there is a wide range of people and crimes in the real life

    B.smoking in an elevator goes against laws in the real life

    C.there are more crimes than diseases in the real life

    D.model citizens sometimes break laws in the real life

65.What does the author think of the people who cheat on taxes?

    A.They take no notice of the human mind.

    B.They break the laws unaccepted in their minds.

    C.They hurt other people to improve their own lives.

    D.They aren’t concerned with some particular laws.

66.People tolerate violence and crime because__________.

    A.their behavior is the same as that of most other people

    B.they pay no attention to the truth behind the crimes

    C.most unlawful acts are not harmful to the individual

    D.they hold mistaken beliefs about law-breaking

67.What is the author’s purpose in writing this passage?

    A.To discuss whether laws are severe.

    B.To remind people to behave with honesty.

    C.To show people the importance of school education.

    D.To explain why so many people have criminal records.

                                 D

A popular saying goes,“Sticks and stones may break my bones,but words will never hurt me.”However,that’s not really true.Words have the power to build us up or tear us down.It doesn’t matter if the words come from someone else or ourselves---the positive and negative effects are just as lasting.

    We all talk to ourselves sometimes.We’re usually too embarrassed to admit it,though.In fact,we really shouldn’t be because more and more experts believe talking to ourselves out loud is a healthy habit.

    This “self―talk” helps us motivate ourselves,remember things,solve problems,and calm ourselves down.Be aware, though,that as much as 77%of self―talk tends to be negative.So in order to stay positive,we should only speak words of encouragement to ourselves.We should also be quick to give ourselves a pat on the back ,The next time you finish a project,do well in a test,or finally clean your mom,join me in saying “Good job!”

    Often,words come out of our mouths without us thinking about the effect they will have.But we should be aware that our words can call certain responses in others.For example,when returning an item to a store,we might use words,friendly language during the exchange.And the clerk will

 probably respond in a similar manner.Or harsh and critical language will most likely cause the clerk to be defensive.

    Words possess power because of their lasting effect.Many of us regret something we once said.And we remember unkind words said to us! Before speaking,we should always ask ourselves:Is it true? Is it loving? Is it needed? If what we want to say doesn’t pass this test,then it’s better left unsaid.

    Words possess power:both positive and negative.Those around us receive encouragement when we speak positively.We can offer hope,build self―esteem and motivate others to do their best. Negative words destroy all those things.Will we use our words to hurt or to heal? The choice is ours.

68.The main idea of the first paragraph is that        

    A.not sticks and stones but words will hurt us     B.inspiring words give us confidence

    C.negative words may let us down              D.words have a lasting effect on us

69.There is no sense for us to feel embarrassed when we talk to ourselves because――.

    A.almost everybody has the habit of talking to themselves

    B.we can benefit from talking to ourselves

    C.talking to ourselves always gives us courage

    D.it does no harm to have “self―talk” when we are alone

70.The underlined part in the third paragraph means that we should also timely     

    A.praise ourselves                 B.remind ourselves

    C.make ourselves relaxed           D.give ourselves amusement

71.The author would probably hold the view that        

    A.encouraging words are sure to lead to kind often

    B.negative words may stimulate us to make more progress

    C.people tend to remember friendly words

D.it is better to think twice before talking to others

                                E

Letter to the Editor

    A heated debate is currently going on in our town.Should we allow the cinema to be constructed in the Havenswood Shopping Center? There is just one large lot left to build on,and the theater would use up all of that space.Some people are excited at the idea of finally having our own movie theater.Others would rather travel ten miles to the nearest theater to keep our quiet town the way it is.They say it is enough to have Marvin’s Movie Video Rentals.After all,Marvin’s store keeps thousands of the latest videos.

    There are certainly benefits to renting videos.For one thing, you can plan your own schedule when it is convenient for you.You can relax on your sofa,and take a break whenever you need one.You can also talk to others without bothering any strangers seated nearby.In addition,it is a less expensive way to view a movie,especially if more than one person is watching the video.

    On the other hand.seeing a movie in a theater is an experience all its own.First,you can see the movie on a wide screen as the filmmaker intended.To be viewed on a television screen, a film must be changed in some way to make it smaller.One is the “pan―and―scan” method,which involves removing some of the details in the picture.The other way,called “letterboxing”,keeps the image the way it is on the big screen,with one annoying exception; because the big―screen style is wide,the same picture on a television screen must be long and narrow.

    Another problem is sound.The sound from a television cannot compare to the sound system in a theater.Your experience of a movie improves when you can clearly hear all of the sounds.

Furthermore,at home,viewing companions often talk during a movie,which makes you miss out on what’s happening in the film.

    Besides.having a movie theater will not mean that you can’t still go to Marvin’s! You will just have a choice that you didn’t have before.Isn’t it time for Havenswood residents to enjoy a little progress?

72.Who is the author probably?

A.An editor of a newspaper.       

B.The manager of the nearest theatre.

C.A concerned citizen in Havenswoed.

D.The owner of Marvin’s Movie Video Rentals.

73.What is the advantage of renting videos?

    A.It won’t take up the large lot in the town.

    B.There’s no strict limit to the viewing time.

  C.People can enjoy better sound system.

    D.People can fully concentrate on their movies.

74.In the author’s opinion.the construction of a theatre will      

    A.reduce the profit of the Movie Video Rentals   B.save movie-goers money and time

    C.offer people another experience             D.disturb the peace in the town

75.Which of the following shows the structure of the passage?

(①―⑤stand for the paragraphs in the article)

高考资源网(www.ks5u.com),中国最大的高考网站,您身边的高考专家。

第四部分:写作(共两节)

第一节:短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分 10分)

此题要求改正所给短文中的错误。对标有题号的每一行作出判断:如无错误,在该行右边横线上划一个勾(√),如果有错误(每行只有一个错误),则按下列情况改正:

该行多一个词:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉,在该行右边横线上写出该词,并也用斜线划掉。

该行缺一个词:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),在该行右边横线上写出该加的词。

该行错一个词:在错的词下划一横线,在该行右边横线上写出改正后的词。

注意:原行没有错的不要改。

A person’s age no longer tells you something about                  76.________

his social position, marriage or healthy.There’s no longer         77.________

a particular year which one goes to school or goes to           78.________

work or gets married or start a family.The social clock             79.________

that kept us on time and told us when go to school, get                80.________

a job, or stop working isn’t as strong as it was used to be.         81.________

It doesn’t surprising us to hear a 28-year-old university             82.________

president or a 35-year-old grandmother, or a 70-year-old               83.________

man who has become a father for the first time.What we        84._______

all know, public’s ideas are changing nowadays.                     85.________

 

第二节 书面表达(共1小题;满分25分)

假设你是李华,是哈尔滨某中学的高三学生。你的英国网友Jim发来电子邮件,告诉你他将于今年暑假来中国旅游,并决定来哈尔滨和你呆一周。但他有些情况不清楚。请你给他回一封电子邮件。

注意:1.词数:100左右;

         2.文中应包括方框内所有的提示内容,可以适当发挥。

高考资源网(www.ks5u.com),中国最大的高考网站,您身边的高考专家。,高考资源网(www.ks5u.com),中国最大的高考网站,您身边的高考专家。 

Subject: visit to China   From Jim

Dear Li Hua,

乘飞机到哈尔滨,到机场去接他。

然后乘车

去你家。

China and meeting you for the first time!

高考资源网(www.ks5u.com),中国最大的高考网站,您身边的高考专家。 But I’m still not sure about the following:

1.When will you be free?

高考资源网(www.ks5u.com),中国最大的高考网站,您身边的高考专家。

哈尔滨夏天气温较高,不用带太多衣服

3. What’s the weather like there?

高考资源网(www.ks5u.com),中国最大的高考网站,您身边的高考专家。4.What shall we do together?

参观当地著名风景名胜。

Your friend,

1,3,5

 

Dear Jim,

I’m so excited that you will come to China.

 

 

 

 

 

 

英语答案

www.ks5u.com

试题详情

2009届高考化学:除杂问题专题

除杂题除杂选择试剂的原则是:不增、不减、不繁。

气体的除杂(净化):气体除杂的原则: 不引入新的杂质     不减少被净化气体的量

气体的除杂方法:

试剂

除去的气体杂质

有关方程式

易溶于水的气体,如:HCl、NH3

/

强碱溶液(NaOH)

酸性气体,如:CO2、SO2

CO2+2NaOH=Na2CO3+H2O

SO2+2NaOH=Na2SO3+H2O

灼热的铜网

O2

2Cu+O2====2CuO

灼热的氧化铜

H2、CO

CuO+H2===Cu+H2O

CuO+CO====Cu+CO2

注意的问题:

需净化的气体中含有多种杂质时,除杂顺序:一般先除去酸性气体,如:氯化氢气体,CO2、SO2等,水蒸气要在最后除去。

(2)除杂选用方法时要保证杂质完全除掉,如:除CO2最好用NaOH不用Ca(OH)2溶液,因为Ca(OH)2是微溶物,石灰水中Ca(OH)2浓度小,吸收CO2不易完全。

(3)除杂装置与气体干燥相同。

典型例题

1. 填写实验报告

实验内容

选用试剂或方法

反应的化学方程式或结论

鉴别H2和CO2

 

 

除去稀盐酸中混有的少量硫酸

 

 

考点:物质的鉴别,物质的除杂问题。
  (1)H2、CO2的化学性质。
  (2)SO42-的特性。
  评析:①利用H2、CO2的性质不同,加以鉴别。
  如H2有还原性而CO2没有,将气体分别通入灼热的CuO加以鉴别。
  CuO+H2Cu+H2O
  或利用H2有可燃性而CO2不燃烧也不支持燃烧,将气体分别点燃加以鉴别。
  或利用CO2的水溶液显酸性而H2难溶于水,将气体分别通入紫色石蕊试液加以鉴别。CO2使紫色石蕊试液变红而H2不能。
  ②属于除杂质问题,加入试剂或选用方法要符合三个原则:(1)试剂与杂质反应,且使杂质转化为难溶物质或气体而分离掉;(2)在除杂质过程中原物质的质量不减少;(3)不能引入新杂质。
  在混合物中加入BaCl2,与H2SO4生成白色沉淀,过滤后将其除去,同时生成物是HCl,没有引入新的离子。
  答案:

澄清石灰水

Ca(OH)2+CO2=CaCO3↓+H2O

氯化钡溶液

H2SO4+BaCl2=BaSO4↓+2HCl

2.下列各选项中的杂质,欲用括号内物质除去,其中能达到目的的是(  )

A  CO中混有少量CO2  (澄清石灰水)  

B  CO2中混有少量氯化氢气体 (NaOH溶液)

C  O2中混有少量H2  (灼热氧化铜)

D  N2中混有少量O2  (白磷)

分析: w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

A  澄清石灰水能吸收CO2,不能吸收CO ,可到达目的.

B  CO2与HCl都和NaOH反应,故不能达到目的.

C  O2和H2 混合二者体积比不知道,通过灼热氧化铜可能爆炸,不能达到目的.

D  白磷自燃且生成物为固体,除去O2,能达到目的.

回答除杂问题,一定要全面分析,既要除去杂质,又要使主要成分(被净化的气体)不变质。

答案:       A   D

3.实验室配制氯化钠溶液,但氯化钠晶体里混入了少量硫酸钠和碳酸氢铵,设计一组实验,配制不含杂质的氯化钠溶液。

提示:本题为除杂问题的实验设计,这样的问题一般要遵循“甲中有乙,加丙去乙,可产生甲,但不能产生丁”的原则。

答案:将不纯的氯化钠晶体溶于适量的蒸馏水中,滴加稍过量的Ba(OH)2溶液,使SO42及CO32(原HCO3与OH反应后生成)完全沉淀。再续加稍过量的Na2CO3溶液,以除去过量的Ba2。过滤,保留滤液在滤液中,滴加稀盐酸至溶液呈中性(用PH试纸控制),得不含杂质的氯化钠溶液。

分析:为了除去杂质NH4HCO3和Na2SO4,一般可提出两个实验方案:第一方案是利用NH4HCO3受热(35℃以上)易分解成气态物质的特性,先加热氯化钠晶体除掉NH4HCO3,再加Ba2除掉SO42;第二方案是用Ba(OH)2同时除掉两种杂质,这种方法简便,“一举两得”,故优先选用。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

具体操作步骤如下:①将不纯的氯化钠晶体溶于适量的蒸馏水中,滴加稍过量的Ba(OH)2溶液,使SO42及CO32(原HCO3与OH反应后生成)完全沉淀。

检验Ba(OH)2是否过量的方法:取少量滤液,滴几滴Na2SO4或稀H2SO4,如产生白色浑浊或沉淀,则表示Ba(OH)2已过量。

②再续加稍过量的Na2CO3溶液,以除去过量的Ba2离子。过滤,保留滤液。

检验Na2CO3是否过量的方法,取少量滤液,滴加几滴HCl,如产生气泡则表示Na2CO3已过量。w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

③在②之滤液中,滴加稀HCl至溶液呈中性(用PH试纸控制),就可得纯氯化钠溶液。

4、工业上制备纯净的氯化锌时,将含杂质的氧化锌溶于过量的盐酸,为了除去氯化铁杂质需调节溶液的PH值到4,应加入试剂是
  A.氢氧化钠  B.氨水  C.氧化锌  D.氯化锌  E.碳酸锌
  正确答案:CE
  解释:本题为除杂题,原理是降低溶液中的[H+],将Fe3+转化为Fe[OH]3以除去,所以应加入碱性物质,A、B、C、E均可满足条件,但除杂的原则是不能引进新杂质,所以A、B排除,选出正确答案。

5、海水是取之不尽的化工原料资源,从海水中可提取各种化工原料。下图是工业上对海水的几项综合利用的示意图:

试回答下列问题:

①粗盐中含有Ca2+、Mg2+、SO42等杂质,精制时所用试剂为:A 盐酸;B BaCl2溶液;C NaOH溶液;D Na2CO3溶液。加入试剂的顺序是                   

②电解饱和食盐水时,与电源正极相连的电极上发生的反应为                 
与电源负极线连的电极附近溶液pH     (变大、不变、变小)。若1mol电子的电量为96500C,则用电流强度为100A的稳恒电流持续电解3分13秒,则在两极上共可收集到气体    mL(S.T.P)。若保证电解后饱和食盐水的浓度不变,则可采取的方法是                                

③由MgCl2?6H2O晶体脱水制无水MgCl2时,MgCl2?6H2O晶体在     气氛中加热脱水,该气体的作用是                                                                                                  

④电解无水MgCl2所得的镁蒸气可以在下列        气体中冷却。

A  H2   B  N2    C  CO2   D  O2  

试题详情

2006-2008年最近三年新课标探究性高考化学试题集锦

 

1.(2008广东21.)(12分)

某种催化剂为铁的氧化物。化学兴趣小组在实验室对该催化剂中铁元素的价态进行探究:将适量稀硝酸加入少许样品中,加热溶解;取少许溶液,滴加KSCN溶液后出现红色。一位同学由此得出该催化剂中铁元素价态为+3的结论。

(1)请指出该结论是否合理并说明理由        

(2)请完成对铁元素价态的探究:

限选实验仪器与试剂:烧杯、试管、玻璃棒、药匙、滴管、酒精灯、试管夹:3 mol?L-1H2SO4/3% H2O2、6 mol?L-1HNO3/0.01 mol?L-1KmnO4、NaOH稀溶液、0.1 mol?L-1Kl、20% KSCN、蒸馏水。

①     提出合理假设

假设1:       

假设2:       

假设3:       

②     设计实验方案证明你的假设(不要在答题卡上作答)

③     实验过程

根据②的实验方案,进行实验。请在答题卡上按下表格式写出实验操作步骤、预期现象与结论。

实验操作

预期现象与结论

步骤1:

 

步骤2:

 

步骤3:

 

 

21。(1)   该结论不正确。稀HNO3有强氧化性,若该铁的价态为+2价,则被氧化为+3价同样可使KSCN溶液变血红色。

(2) ①提出合理假设

假设1:催化剂中铁元素的价态为+3价。

假设2:催化剂中铁元素的价态为+2价。

假设3:催化剂中铁元素的价态既有+3价也有+2价。

②设计实验方法证明你的假设

③实验过程

实验操作

预期现象与结论

步骤1:将适量稀H2SO4加入少许样品于试管中,加热溶解;

溶液呈黄绿色,说明溶液中含Fe2+或Fe3+。

步骤2:取少量溶液,滴加酸性KMnO4溶液。

若KMnO4溶液的紫红色褪去为无色溶液,则说明催化剂中铁元素的价态含+2价;若不褪色,则说明催化剂中铁元素的价态不含+2价。

步骤3:另取少量溶液,滴加KSCN溶液。

若溶液变为血红色,则说明催化剂中铁元素的价态含+3价;若溶液无明显变化,则说明催化剂中铁元素的价态不含+3价。

2.(2008宁夏27).(15分)

为测试一铁片中铁元素的含量,某课外活动小组提出下面两种方案并进行了实验(以下数据为多次平行实验测定结果的平均值):

方案一:将a g铁片完全溶解于过量稀硫酸中,测得生成氢气的体积为580 mL(标准状况);

方案二:将 g铁片完全溶解于过量稀硫酸中,将反应后得到的溶液用0.02000 mol?L-1

的KMnO4溶液滴定,达到终点时消耗了25.00 mL KMnO4溶液。

请回答下列问题:

(1)配平下面的化学方程式(将有关的化学计量数填入答题卡的横线上):

□KMnO4+□FeSO4+□H2SO4=□Fe2(SO4)3+□MnSO4+□K2SO4+□H2O

(2)在滴定实验中不能选择       式滴定管,理由是         

(3)根据方案一和方案二测定的结果计算,铁片中铁的质量分数依次为      

      ;(铁的相对原子质量以55.9计)

(4)若排除实验仪器和操作的影响因素,试对上述两种方案测定结果的准确性做出判断和分析。

①方案一     (填“准确”“不准确”“不一定准确”),理由是       

②方案二     (填“准确”“不准确”“不一定准确”),理由是       

27.(15分)

(1)2        10          8            5            2            1            8

(2)碱             KmnO4是强氧化剂,它会腐蚀乳胶管

(3)       

(4)

①不一定准确       如果铁片中存在与稀硫酸反应并能生成氢气的其他金属,会导致结果偏高;铁片中存在与稀硫酸反应而溶解、但不产生氢气的铁的氧化物,会导致结果偏低;如果上述情况均不存在,则结果准确

②不一定准确       如果铁片中存在与稀硫酸反应而溶解的其他金属,生成的金属离子在酸性溶液中能被高锰酸钾氧化,会导致结果偏高;如果铁片中存在与稀硫酸反应而溶解的铁的氧化物,生成的Fe3+离子在酸性溶液中不能被高锰酸钾氧化,会导致结果偏低;如果上述情况均不存在,则结果准确

注:本小题属于开放性试题,若考生回答“准确”或“不准确”且理由合理,可酌性给分。例如:考生回答

方案一准确,因为铁片中不存在能与稀硫酸反应并能生成氢气的其他金属,也不存在铁的氧化物

方案一不准确,如果铁片中存在与稀硫酸反应生成氢气的其他金属,会导致结果偏高;如果存在与稀硫酸反应而溶解、但不产生氢气的铁的氧化物,会导致结果偏低

方案二准确,铁片溶于稀硫酸后,除Fe2+外,其他可能存在的金属离子在酸性溶液中均不能被高锰酸钾氧化,也不存在氧化铁

方案二不准确,如果铁片中存在与稀硫酸反应而溶解的其他金属,生成的金属离子在酸性溶液中能被高锰酸钾氧化,会导致结果偏高;如果存在与稀硫酸反应而溶解的铁的氧化物,千百万的Fe3+离子在酸性溶液中不能被高锰酸钾氧化,会导致结果偏低

3.(2008全国Ⅰ28.)(13分)

取化学式为MZ的黄色粉末状化合物进行如下实验。将MZ和足量的碳粉充分混合物,平铺在反应管a中,在b瓶中盛足量澄清石灰水。按图连接仪器。

 

 

 

 

 

实验开始时缓缓通入氮气,过一段时间后,加热反应管a,观察到管内发生剧烈反应,并有熔融物生成,同时,b瓶的溶液出现白色浑浊。待反应完全后,停止加热,仍继续通氮气,直至反应管冷却,此时,管中的熔融物凝固城银白色金属。根据以上叙述回答:

(1)元素Z是         

(2)停止加热前是否需要先断开a和b的连接处?为什么?

                                   

(3)反应管a中发生的所有反应的化学方程式是

                                  

(4)本实验的围棋是否需处理?如需处理,请回答如何处理;如不需处理,请说明理由。

                                  

[答案](1)氧

(2)不需要,因为一直通入氮气,b中溶液不会倒吸到a管中。

(3)MZ+CM+CO↑  MZ+COM+CO2↑  CO2+C2CO↑  2MZ+C2 M+CO2↑ 

(4)需处理,因为一氧化碳有毒,应该进行尾气处理,处理的方法可以将其在导管口点燃,或者用气球收集,或接一个加热的装有CuO的玻璃管。

4.(2008江苏18).(10分)“温室效应”是全球关注的环境问题之一。CO2是目前大气中含量最高的一种温室气体。因此,控制和治理CO2是解决温室效应的有效途径。

⑴下列措施中,有利于降低大气中CO2浓度的有:         。(填字母)

      a.减少化石燃料的使用           b.植树造林,增大植被面积

c.采用节能技术                 d.利用太阳能、风能

⑵将CO2转化成有机物可有效实现碳循环。CO2转化成有机物的例子很多,如:

  a.6CO2 + 6H2OC6H12O6        b.CO2 + 3H2CH3OH +H2O

c.CO2 + CH4CH3COOH         d.2CO2 + 6H2CH2==CH2 + 4H2O

以上反应中,最节能的是             ,原子利用率最高的是           

⑶文献报道某课题组利用CO2催化氢化制甲烷的研究过程如下:

反应结束后,气体中检测到CH4和H2,滤液中检测到HCOOH,固体中检测到镍粉和Fe3O4

CH4、HCOOH、H2的产量和镍粉用量的关系如下图所示(仅改变镍粉用量,其他条件不变):

研究人员根据实验结果得出结论:

HCOOH是CO2转化为CH4的中间体, 

即:CO2HCOOHCH4

①写出产生H2的反应方程式      

                               

②由图可知,镍粉是       。(填字母)

a.反应的催化剂

b.反应的催化剂

c.反应的催化剂

d.不是催化剂

③当镍粉用量从1mmol增加到10mmol,反应速率的变化情况是          。(填字母)

a.反应Ⅰ的速率增加,反应Ⅱ的速率不变

b.反应Ⅰ的速率不变,反应Ⅱ的速率增加

c.反应ⅠⅡ的速率均不变

d.反应ⅠⅡ的速率均增加,且反应Ⅰ的速率增加得快

e.反应ⅠⅡ的速率均增加,且反应Ⅱ的速率增加得快

f.反应Ⅰ的速率减小,反应Ⅱ的速率增加

18.⑴abcd       ⑵a   c

⑶①3Fe+4H2OFe3O4+2H2       ②c    ③e

5.(2008上海)26.(B)某实验小组用下列装置进行乙醇催化氧化的实验。

⑴实验过程中铜网出现红色和黑色交替的现象,请写出相应的化学方程式

                                  

                          ..在不断鼓入空气的情况下,熄灭酒精灯,反应仍能继续进行,说明该乙醇催化反应是     反应。

⑵甲和乙两个水浴作用不相同。

甲的作用是                 ;乙的作用是                              

⑶反应进行一段时间后,干燥管a中能收集到不同的物质,它们是             。集气瓶中收集到的气体的主要成分是                            

⑷若试管a中收集到的液体用紫色石蕊试纸检验,试纸显红色,说明液体中还含有            

要除去该物质,可现在混合液中加入             (填写字母)。

a.氯化钠溶液     b.苯     c.碳酸氢钠溶液     d.四氯化碳

然后,再通过      (填试验操作名称)即可除去。

26.(B)(本题共12分)

⑴2Cu+O22CuO  CH3CH2OH+CuOCH3CHO+Cu+H2O    加热

⑵加热  冷却   ⑶乙醛  乙醇  水  氮气   ⑷乙酸  c   蒸馏

6.(2007北京)28.(15分)北京市场销售的某种食用精制盐包装袋上有如下说明:

产品标准

GB5461

产品等级

一级

配  料

食盐、碘酸钾、抗结剂

碘含量(以I计)

20~50mg/kg

分装时期

 

分装企业

 

     (1)碘酸钾与碘化钾在酸性条件下发生如下反应,配平化学方程式(将化学计量数填于空白处)

              KIO3    KI+    H2SO4    K2SO4    I2    H2O

(2)上述反应生成的I2可用四氯化碳检验。向碘的四氯化碳溶液中加入Na2SO3稀溶液,将I2还原,以回收四氯化碳。

①Na2SO3稀溶液与I2反应的离子方程式是                          

②某学生设计回收四氯化碳的操作步骤为:

  a.将碘的四氯化碳溶液置于分液漏斗中;

  b.加入适量Na2SO3稀溶液;

  c.分离出下层液体。

 以上设计中遗漏的操作及在上述步骤中的位置是                      

     (3)已知:I2+2S2O32=2I+S4O62。某学生测定食用精制盐的碘含量,其步骤为:

           a. 准确称取wg食盐,加适量蒸馏水使其完全溶解;

           b.用稀硫酸酸化所得溶液,加入足量KI溶液,使KIO3与KI反应完全;

           c.以淀粉为指示剂,逐滴加入物质的量浓度为2.0×10-3mol?L-1的Na2S2O3溶液10.0mL,恰好反应完全。

①判断c中反应恰好完全依据的现象是                      

②b中反应所产生的I2的物质的量是            mol。

③根据以上实验和包装袋说明,所测精制盐的碘含量是(以含w的代数式表示)

                         mg/kg。

28.(15分)

(1)1、5、3、3、3、3

(2)①I2+SO32+H2O===2I+SO42+2H

     ②在步骤b后,增加操作:将分液漏斗充分振荡后静置

(3)①溶液由蓝色恰好变为无色

②1.0×105

 

③4.2 ×102/w

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

 

7.(2007天津28).(19分)二氯化二硫(S2C12)在工业上用于橡胶的硫化。为在实验室合成S2C12,某化学研究性学习小组查阅了有关资料,得到如下信息:

① 将干燥的氯气在110℃140℃与硫反应,即可得S2C12粗品。

② 有关物质的部分性质如下表:

物质

熔点/℃

沸点/℃

化学性质

S

112.8

444.6

S2C12

-77

137

遇水生成HCl、SO2、S;

300℃以上完全分解;

S2C12 + C12  2SCl2

设计实验装置图如下:w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

⑴.上图中气体发生和尾气处理装置不够完善,请你提出改进意见____________________________________________________________________________。

利用改进后的正确装置进行实验,请回答下列问题:

⑵.B中反应的离子方程式:_________________________________________________;

E中反应的化学方程式:_________________________________________________。

⑶.C、D中的试剂分别是__________________________、_______________________。

⑷.仪器A、B的名称分别是____________、____________,F的作用是___________。

⑸.如果在加热E时温度过高,对实验结果的影响是_____________________________,

在F中可能出现的现象是________________________________________________。

⑹.S2C12粗品中可能混有的杂质是(填写两种)______________、________________,为了提高S2C12的纯度,关键的操作是控制好温度和______________________________。

28.(19分)

⑴.用导管将A的上口和B相连(或将A换成恒压滴液漏斗)           (1分)

在G和H之间增加干燥装置                                     (2分)

⑵.MnO2 + 4 H +2 C1 == Mn2 + C12 ↑+ 2H2O

    2 S + C12 S2C12                                 (各1分,共2分)

⑶.饱和食盐水(或水)    浓硫酸                        (各1分,共2分)

⑷.分液漏斗    蒸馏烧瓶    导气、冷凝                  (各1分,共4分)

⑸.产率降低                                                       (2分)

有固体产生(或其他正确描述)                                  (2分)

⑹.SCl2、C12、S(任写其中两种即可)                    (各1分,共2分)

控制浓盐酸的滴速不要过快                                      (2分

8.(2007四川)26.在实验室堕可用下图所示装置制取氯酸钾、次氯酸钠和探究氯水的性质。

图中: ① 为氯气发生装置;②的试管里盛有15mL30%KOH 溶液.并置于水浴中; ③ 的试管里盛有15mL 8 % NaOH 溶液.并置于冰水浴中; ④ 的试管里加有紫色石蕊试液; ⑤ 为尾气吸收装置。

请填写下列空白:
( l )制取氯气时,在烧瓶里加人一定量的二氧化锰.通过_______________________

(坡写仪器名称)向烧瓶中加人适量的浓盐酸。实验时为了除去氯气中的氯化氢气体,可在① 与② 之间安装盛有_____________________(填写下列编号字母)的净化装置。

A.碱石灰  B.饱和食盐水  C.浓硫酸  D.饱和碳酸氢钠溶液

( 2 )比较制取氯酸钾和次氯酸钠的条件.二者的差异是:

______________________________________________________

反应完毕经冷却后,② 的试管中有大量晶体析出。右图中符合该

晶体溶解度曲线的是_____________________(填写编号字母);从②的试管中分离出该晶体的方法是____________________(填写实验操作名称)

(3)本实验中制取次氯酸钠的离子方程式是:

___________________________________________

(4)实验中可观察到④的试管里溶液的颜色发生了如下变化,请填写下表中的空白:

实验现象

原因

溶液最初从紫色逐渐变为____色

氯气与水反应生成的H+使石蕊变色

随后溶液逐渐变为无色

_______________________________________________

然后溶液从无色逐渐变为____色

_______________________________________________

 

9.(2007.广东23.)(11分)已知某混合金属粉末,除铝外还含有铁、铜中的一种或两种,所含金属的量都在5%以上。请设计合理实验探究该混合物金属粉末中铁、铜元素的存在。

仅限选择的仪器和试剂:烧杯、试管、玻璃棒、量筒、容量瓶、滴管、药匙;1mol/L硫酸、2mol/L硝酸、2mol/LNaOH溶液、20%KSCN溶液。

完成以下实验探究过程:

(1)提出假设:

假设1:该混合金属粉末中除铝外还含有      元素;

假设2:该混合金属粉末中除铝外还含有      元素;

假设3:该混合金属粉末中除铝外还含有Fe、Cu元素;

(2)设计实验方案

基于假设3,设计出实验方案(不要在答题卡上作答)。

(3)实验过程

根据(2)的实验方案,叙述实验操作、预期现象和结论。

【提示】Ⅰ.在答题卡上按以下方式作答,注意前后内容对应;

        Ⅱ.注意文字简洁,确保不超过答题卡空间。

编号

实验操作

预期现象和结论

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

10.( 26.( 18 分)
( l )分液漏斗   B
( 2 )碱溶液(或反应物)的浓度不同,反应温度不同

M     过滤
( 3 ) Cl2 + 2OH=ClO + Cl+H2
( 4 )

 

 

氯气与水反应生成的HClO将石蕊氧化为无色物质

黄绿

继续通入的氯气溶于水使溶液呈黄绿色

2006江苏21.)(10分)稀薄燃烧是指汽油在较大空/燃比(空气与燃油气的体积比)条件下的燃烧。随着全球能源危机的加剧,稀薄燃烧技术的研究受到了人们的重视,但稀薄燃烧时,常用的汽车尾气净化装置不能有效地将NOx转化为N2。不同空/燃比时汽车尾气中主要污染物的含量变化如右图所示。

⑴稀薄燃烧技术除能节约能源外,还具有的优点是_______________(填一项)。排放到大气中的NOx会导致酸雨、_______________等环境问题(填一项)。

⑵某校化学研究性学习小组的同学在技术人员的指导下,按下列流程探究不同催化剂对NH3还原NO反应的催化性能。

若控制其他实验条件均相同,在催化反应器中装载不同的催化剂,将经催化反应后的混合气体通过滴有酚酞的稀硫酸溶液(溶液的体积、浓度均相同)。为比较不同催化剂的催化性能,需要测量并记录的数据是______________。

⑶若某一催化剂能同时催化NH3等还原性气体与的反应NOx的反应。将该催化剂分别用于催化还原含等物质的量NOx的两种气体:①纯NO气体,②汽车尾气。消耗的物质的量较多的可能是_______________(填字母),原因是______________________________。

A.①        B.②        C.都有可能

11.(2006广东20).(12分)

        氧化铜有多种用途,如用作玻璃着色剂、油类脱硫剂等。为获得纯净的氧化铜以探究其性质,某同学用工业硫酸铜(含硫酸亚铁等杂质)进行如下实验:

I

      工业CuSO4           CuSO4溶液     CuSO4?5H2O   ……   CuO

       ①步骤I的目的是除不溶性杂质。操作是                               

       ②步骤Ⅱ的目的是除铁。操作是:滴加H2O2溶液,稍加热;当Fe2+转化完全后,慢慢加入Cu2(OH)2CO3粉末,搅拌,以控制溶液pH=3.5;加热煮沸一段时间,过滤,用稀硫酸酸化滤液至pH=1。控制溶液pH=3.5的原因是                          

       ③步骤Ⅲ的目的是得到CuSO4?5H2O晶体。操作是                      ,过滤,水浴加热烘干。水浴加热的特点是                                     

       ⑵探究氧化铜的性质

        ①取A、B两支试管,往A中先加入适量CuO粉末,再分别向A 和B中加入等体积的3%H2O2溶液,只观察到A中有大量气泡。结论是                          

        ②为探究试管A中反应的速率,收集气体并测定其体积必需的实验仪器有:

                                                                         

⑴①

答案:加适量水溶解,搅拌,过滤

②答案:使Fe3+可全部转化为FeOH3沉淀,而Cu2+不会转化为Cu (OH)2沉淀。

答案:将CuSO4?5H2O溶液加热蒸发至有晶膜出现时 ,停止加热。

受热均匀,温度易于控制在1000C以下。

⑵①

答案:CuO可加快H2O2分解的反应速率,是H2O2分解反应的催化剂。

答案:秒表、橡皮塞、导管、集气瓶、量筒。

 

12.(2006上海)26(A)某课外兴趣小组为了探究铁与硫在隔绝空气的条件下反应所

得固体M的成分,设计了如右图装置。倾斜A使稀硫酸(足量)与固体M充分反应,待反应停止后,B装置增重,C装置中溶液无变化,反应后进入量气管气体的体积为VmL(已折算成标准状况)

由上述实验事实可知:

(1)①固体M中一定有的物质是______________(填化学式)

理由是______________________________________________________

②其中一种物质的质量可以确定为___________g(用代数式表示)。

(2)B装置的名称是________。

  写出B装置中反应的离子方程式_______________________________________。

(3)C装置的作用是_________________________,如果实验中没有B装置,则C装置中产生的现象是____________________________________________________________________。

(4)稀硫酸和固体M反应后溶液中还残留淡黄色固体,该固体是_____________,要分离出该固体,在实验操作中,除烧杯外还需要用到的玻璃仪器是_____________。

(5)通过进一步实验,测得固体M中各种成分的质量之和小于反应前铁粉和硫粉的质量之和,产生这种现象的原因可能是_____________

  a.M中有未反应的铁和硫    b.测定气体体积时水准管的水面高于量气管的水面

  c.A中留有反应生成的气体    d.气体进入D装置前未用浓硫酸干燥

26(A)(本题共12)

(1)①FeS、Fe  B装置增重、量气管有气体。②  V/11200

(2)洗气瓶  2OH-+H2S → 2H2O+S2--

(3)证明H2S已被完全吸收   黑色沉淀

(4)  漏斗、玻璃棒  5 b、C

 

w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m

 

 

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